Any architect builder or scientist can speculate about what the house егэ ответы - Exhelper.top

Any architect, builder or scientist can speculate about what the house of the future might be like. But Grace can tell you. Grace is a talking house. Her high-tech gadgets and innovative uses of everyday objects, along with advances in design and construction, will change the way we think about our homes. Grace isn’t the only one exploring how technology can make our homes more efficient, safe, comfortable and fun. Here is a survey of home innovators’ best ideas.

Picture this: you enter the house, and Grace’s voice, coming from hidden speakers, relays your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour on the sleekly engineered stone counter. Grace sees what you’re doing, and projects a list of flour-based recipes on the counter. Once you choose one, Grace recites a list of ingredients. She even knows what’s in the pantry, thanks to RFID technology (the kind of system that lets you go through a toll plaza without stopping).

The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off, says Pam Heath, a manager in Consumer Strategy and Prototyping at Microsoft. This notion of seamless computing, in which technology is everywhere yet nowhere (except when we want it), underlies most future-home thinking. At the Andersen window company in Minnesota, advanced technology manager Jay Libby envisions windows made of smart glass that can be transformed into a TV. ‘Nobody wants a television set,’ says Libby. ‘You want the service it provides.’ If he gets his way, the TV will disappear into the view, and the term picture window will be redefined.

Home entertainment is just one consideration for the future. At the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow older people to continue living independently. So Grandma’s home can be intelligently wired to recognize her patterns of wake, sleep and movement; family members would be notified of any changes via computer. Does spying on Grandma sound creepy? Director Beth Mynatt says that ‘a good bit of our research has been working on how to convey information without sacrificing privacy and autonomy. We also don’t want to create inappropriate anxiety. Maybe she just took a quiet day to read, and the system would have to recognize that.’

Like cars, houses will come with tools to monitor and adjust everything from furnace efficiency to ventilation. And today’s computer-aided design programs make it easier to match the design to the specifics of the site and the homeowner’s lifestyle.

Besides offering speed, strength and accuracy, panellised construction is extremely airtight because the foam core completely seals the home. Insulspan president Frank Baker calls it ‘a total energy envelope.’ He ought to know because his own 5,000-square-foot panellised home costs less than $500 a year to heat.

At some point, homes will have to embrace alternative energy sources, such as solar panels that look like regular roof shingles. The technology uses a solar-sensitive material called thin-film triple-junction amorphous silicon, which is sandwiched inside conven-tional-looking shingles and wired into the home’s electric system. Today, these systems are rare and expensive, but they’ll start to look more attractive as electricity costs climb.

Windows are a challenge, because even the best glass can’t insulate like a wall. So in the future, some windows will likely be made of lightweight particles called aerogels, which insulate like foam but transmit light.

It’s easy to get carried away with visions of homes that heat themselves, keep us company and remind us to call the folks. ‘But technology never drives the aesthetic,’ says architect Sarah Susanka, author of Home by Design. ‘That’s why those weird-looking ‘houses of the future’ never come into being. People will always want their house to look and feel like a home.’

ВОПРОС 1. Grace is
1) a futuristic fashion house.
2) a sample of innovations.
3) a Microsoft office.
4) a real house.

ВОПРОС 2. The aim of Grace is
1) to free people from cooking.
2) to introduce new entertainment facilities.
3) to change people’s attitude to homes.
4) to have someone to talk to.

ВОПРОС 3. In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ means that
1) you cannot feel the presence of computers.
2) computers are connected seamlessly.
3) computers are nowhere.
4) computing is meaningless.

ВОПРОС 4. Grandma’s home will allow family members
1) to live together with their grandparents.
2) to feel free from spying.
3) to convey information without sacrificing privacy.
4) to get information about their older relatives.

ВОПРОС 5. Structural insulated panels will make our homes
1) cheaper.
2) lighter.
3) more beautiful.
4) warmer.

ВОПРОС 6. People will have to embrace alternative energy sources because
1) solar panels look like regular roof shingles.
2) solar panels are very popular today.
3) people need more electricity.
4) electricity is getting more and more expensive.

ВОПРОС 7. According to architect Sarah Susanka, houses of the future never come into being because
1) they are rather expensive.
2) they look strange and unattractive.
3) they are difficult to construct.
4) they are too technological.

ВОПРОС 1: – 2
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 1
ВОПРОС 4: – 4
ВОПРОС 5: – 4
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 2

Источник

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15—А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 Или 4, Соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. ПеРенесите Ответы В Таблицу.

After graduating from medical school, Eugene Alford built a lucrative career as an ear, nose, and throat specialist and a facial plastic surgeon at Methodist Hospital. In the summers, he and his wife Mary, a dentist and former paediatric nurse, would join a church-sponsored medical mission to Honduras, where he operated on the needy in a rural clinic.

At home, Alford treated many prominent Houston residents, but he also waived his fee for less fortunate patients. Carolyn Thomas, for instance, went to see him with a large gauze bandage over a cavity in her face. She had been shot by her boyfriend, who had also killed her mother. The bullet had blown away Thomas’s nose, upper jaw, and right eye. Reconstruction would have cost a million dollars, but Alford, his medical team, and his hospital did it for free.

Whenever Alford needed to relax after a particularly Gruelling Period of work, he’d drive to his ranch in BellviIle And lose himself in farm chores. He didn’t make it out there as often as he would have liked. As a plastic surgeon at Methodist Hospital, he had performed 800 operations over the previous year and was booked solid for months ahead.

So on a chilly Sunday a few days after Christmas, AJford headed out through the pine bush, intending to clear a trail for deer hunting. As he cut through underbrush in the south pasture, Alford brought the tractor to a halt in front of a dead white oak standing in his path. He nudged the trunk with the tractor’s front-end loader, expecting the tree to topple neatly to the ground. Instead the top half of the oak swayed towards him. In seconds, more than a Ton of hardwood slammed down on him, crushing his spine.

Pinned to the steering wheel, Alford could barely breathe. He tried to hit the brakes, but his legs failed to respond. When he found he could move his hands, he turned off the ignition, then with great effort pulled bis cell phone from his shirt pocket and called his wife on speed dial ‘Mary,* he gasped, ‘a tree fell cm me. I’m going to die.’ ‘Don’t quit!’ she shouted. ‘We’re coming to get you!’ Alford, was still conscious when his-neighbours Kevin and Snuffy, alerted by Mary, hauled the tree off him. A rescue helicopter touched down minutes later, and Alford advised the paramedics on which drugs to administer to him. Then he blacked out.

He was flown to the trauma unitat Medical Centre in Houston, then quickly transferred to Methodist. The operation was successful, but the patient-was still in danger. After almost two weeks in the ICU, Alford awoke, arid ħis condition improved enough for him to be taken ton rehabilitation unit, where be began physical therapy and learned to use a wheelchair. Iri February 2008, six weeks after the accident, Alford returned to his 100-year-old home in Houston. At first, he was so weak that he could sit up only when strapped into a wheelchair.

Before the accident, Alford had been a solidly built six — footer and was used to being in charge. Now, entirely dependent on others, he fell into despair. ‘If it weren’t for my wife and kids,’ I would have IdHed myself, ’ he says; Brit then — die love started pouring in. Alford’s brother maintained a blog to proride updates about Alford’s recovery. Over the next three months, he received 40,000 messages from colleagues, former patients, acquaintances, even strangers. The outpouring’ raised his spkits. lt also gave Mary a new perspective on him. For years, Alford’s schedule of 15-hour days hadn’t Left him much time for her and the kids. ‘I’d just shout decided you liked work more than us,’ Mary t<dd him one day over IuPch-1But now! realize you didn’t want to leave the hospital because there were so many folks that needed you. You couldn’t just abandon them?

The couple refurbished their house with ramps, a wheelchair-accessible bathroom, and an elevator. They bought an extended-cab pickup truck and fitted it with a wheelchair.. hoist, a swivelling driver’s seat, and hand controls So Alfbrd could drive himself. ■

But Alford’s goal was to make such adjustments temporary. After a month of physical therapy, he graduated from an electric to a manual wheelchair. The daily workouts built strength in his back and abdominal muscles, improving his ability to hold himself uprighti Soon he was able to stand with the aid of a tubular steel frame; seated in his chair, he could new draw his legs toward his chest.

In May, Alfbrd began the next phase of treatment. By putting a paralyzed patient through his paces, therapists hoped to grow new neuromuscular connections. After three months of this routine, Alford’s coordination had improved markedly. He felt ready to pick up a scalpel again, with the hospital’s approval. Alford still goes for four hours of rehab every morning and spends his evenings stretching and riding a motorized stationary bike to keep muscle spasms at bay. Bid in the hours between, he sees patients or performs sur — * geries—as many as five a week.

He’s eager to do more complex surgeries and plans to increase his workload. Walking remains uncertain. ‘1 always tell him if I had a crystal ball, Γd be a millionaire,’ says Marcie Kem, one of his physical therapists. StiU, the doctor considers himself a lucky man.

(Adapted from Sis Chvn Medicine: A Doctor’s Story of Scaling ι By Michael Haedcrle)

I A15 I Eugene Alford ∙

1) Treated only prominent Houston residents.

2) Did some charity work.

3) Had fixed fees.

4) Often visited his ranch in Bellville.

IA161 In paragraph 3 ‘gruelling’ means

1) Extremely boring.

2) Quite exciting.

3) Very tiring.

4) Highly uncomfortable.

As a result of the accident, the oak broke Alford’s

1) neck.

2) legs.

3) back.

4) chest.

Before the accident, Alford

1) was in charge of the hospital.

2) liked his work more than his family.

3) worked 15 hours a week.

4) could not spend much time with his wife and children.

A^19~∣To make Alford feel more comfortable

1) the family equi pped their house with necessary facilities.

2) his 100-year-old house was redecorated.

3) the family bought a new house.

4) his old pickup truck was fitted with a wheelchair hoist.

A20 After physical therapy and daily workouts

1) Alford didn’t need a wheelchair.

2) Alford’s stamina came back.

3) Alford started to perform simple operations.

4) Alford’s coordination improved markedly.

IA211 At present Alford

1) feels sorry for himself.

2) is planning to practise medicine as well as he used to.

3) is going to start walking.

4) wants to become a millionaire.

A15	AI6	AI7 .	AlS	A19	A20	A2l

Задание 3.1 ∙

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15—А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2RЗили 4, Соответствующую выбранному вамивариашпу ответа. Пе- ренесите ответы в таблицу.

Jason Noorthoek Jr. didn’t want to go outside. Й was pitch-black, and he was afraid there might be coyotes ‘as big as pigs’. But the 12-year-old didn’t have a choice. His mother, Brenda, was worried aboot his father and demanded he go. Every evening after he got home from work, Jason Noorthoek Sr. worked on cars in the driveway, but on this night he had to fix Brenda’s car, which had been stalling for days. Usually, Brenda heard her husband come in and out of the house to gather his tools, ibιit not tonight* She hadn’t heard a thing for at least an hour. fGo and find him,’ she told Jason and his sister, Jamie.

It was a chilly October night with just ten days left until Halloween. In the darkness, the two kids edged towards the BuicLJason waved a tiny flashlight from side to side. ‘Dad? Dad?’ he called into the shadows. ‘Jason?’ It was his father, but his voice sounded different. He talked slowly, in a way that Jason would later describe as‘hurt.’

Eariier that evening, as the sun was just about to set, Noorthoek diagnosed Ше Buick’s problem: a Faulty fuel pump. That meant he’d have to get underneath the car. Normally, he’d use a jack fo lift it, but it was getting dark and he wasn’t dressed warmly, so to speed things up, he used the forklift he’d recently bought for his salvage business.

Noorthoek slid the forks under the Buick’s back bumper and then raised the car until its back end was two feet off the ground. After he crawled under the car, he saw that the forklift had bent the exhaust pipe. He gave the pipe a kick to bend it back into shape. ‘Fm always the first one to preach safety,’ he says, thinking back on the one precaution he forgot to take. Noqrthoek didn’t place blocks in front of the car’s front tires to keep it from rolling forward off the forks. Which is exactly what it did after he gave the exhaust Pipeacouplemorekicks.

Jason saw his dad’s feet sticking out from underneath the car. By now, Noorthoek had been trapped for almost an hour, with the crooked exhaust pipe pushing into his chest. Unable to take a full breath, he shivered in the cold and drifted in and out of consciousness. Jamie ran into the house and told her mother to call 911.

Jason knew that his mother and sister couldn’t lift the four-door sedan, but that didn’t stop them from trying. When it didn’t budge, the two started to panic. ‘Calm down. It’ll be okay,’ Jason said softly.

The sixth grader had driven the forklift only once before, and he’d nearly smashed it into a parked car. At 90 pounds, he didn’t have the strength to depress the 10,000-pound vehicle’s brakes. Ever since, he’d been afraid to get back on. But now Jason couldn’t afford to be scared. He climbed on and started it up. ‘Every time he turned the ignition key, it pushed the car forward onto me,’ his father says. ‘I kept saying, ‘Neutral! Neutral!’ ’

Jason figured out the machine’s complicated gearshift and moved it into neutral as he slid the forks under the car. He pulled a lever, and the Buick started to rise. Finally, the tires were off the ground and Noorthoek could breathe again — for a moment. Like his dad, Jason forgot to put blocks in front of the tires. As the back end of the car rose into the air, the car rolled forward again and crashed back onto Noorthoek.

Desperate now, Jason pulled the forklift’s lever once more. Again, the Buick started to come off the ground, but this time, for whatever reason, the front tires didn’t roll and the car remained suspended in the air.

Minutes later, Township’s fire chief, Mike Rexford, arrived. Noorthoek lay under the car, ashen but breathing. His internal injuries were minor, but, according to Rexford, his situation was Perilous. ‘The outcome’s never been this good,’ he now says. ‘How long could he have lasted like that?’

It wasn’t until his dad was loaded into an ambulance that the magnitude of the night’s events caught up with Jason. ‘I told him he probably saved his father,’ says Rexford. Jason broke down and started to sob.

His father was released from the hospital early the next morning. tI didn’t stop shaking until I got home/ Noorthoek says. Jason says one happy change has come out of the accident: he gets to spend more time with his dad. Jason Sr., Who hasn’t touched a car since the Buick fell on him, often spends evenings with Jason playing video games.

(Adapted from In the Nick qf Time by Charlie Schroeder)

∣ A⅜5 J Jason Noorthoek Jr. had to go outside in the evening because

1) His mother made him go.

2) His father asked him to help.

3) He was worried about his father.

4) He wanted to save his father’s life.

∣A1⅛∣ Noorthoek was trapped under the car because

1) The fuel pump was out of order.

2) The forklift had bent the exhaust pipe.

3) The car rolled off the forks.

4) The blocks were too small.

[¾¾7] Jason was afraid to drive a forklift because.

1) He had never done it before.

2) He was not strong enough to depress the brakes.

3) He didn’t want to hurt his father.

4) He had once had an accident.

∣A⅜⅜⅛ Jason’s first attempt was unsuccessful because

1) He hadn’t moved the machine’s gearshift into neutral.

.2) he hadn’t taken the necessary precaution. Jlftiebaqkendbfthe car rose into the air. 4) he pulled a wrong fever.

IA191 In paragraph 10 ‘perilous’ means

1) Difficult.

2) Unpredictable.

3) Dangerous.

4) Tricky.

AJZOI After his father’s rescue Jason

1) couldn’t sleep.

— 2) broke down the forklift.

3) couldn’t help crying.

4) was very tired.

After the accident Jason Sr.

1) works more carefully with cars.

2) never touches the Buick.

3) plays board games.

4) spends more time with his son.

A15	A16	A17	A18	A19	A20	A21

Задание 3.11

Picture this: you enter the house, and Grace’s voice, coming from hidden speakers, relays your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour on the sleekly engineered stone counter. Grace sees what you’re doing, and projects a list of flour-based recipes on the counter. Once you choose one, Grace recites a list of ingredients. She even knows what’s in the pantry, thanks to RFlD technology (the kind of system that lets you go through a toll plaza without stopping).

The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off, says Pam Heath, a manager in Consumer Strategy and Prototyping at Microsoft. This notion of Seamless computing, In which technology is everywhere yet nowhere (except when we want it), underlies most futurehome thinking. At the Andersen window company in Minnesota, advanced technology manager Jay Libby envisions windows made of smart glass that can be transformed into a TV. ‘Nobody wants a television set,’ says Libby. ‘You want the service it provides.’ If he gets his way, the TV will disappear into the view, and the term Picture window will be redefined.

If we’re going to live in our homes longer, they’ll need to be more flexible. Future homes will likely be manufactured in factories and then assembled on-site. Already, some homes are made out of pre-fab walls called structural insulated panels. These boards wrapped around a foam core eliminate the need for conventional stud framing. The hefty wall panels are then lowered into place by a crane.

Like cars, houses will come with tools to monitor and adjust everything from furnace efficiency to ventilation. And today’s computer-aided design programs make it easier to Match the design to the specifics of the site and the homeowner’s Hfestyle.

Besides offering speed, strength and accuracy, panellised construction is extremely airtight because the. foam core completely seals the home. Insidspan president Frank Baker calls it ‘a total energy e∏velop⅛,He ought toknow because his own 5,000-square-foot panellised home costs less than $500 a year to heat. * √∙.∙∙i∙∙.∙ ‘∙..∙√ ‘√ -.

At some point, homes will have to embrace Idtemative energy sources, such as solar panels that look like regular roof shingles. The technology uses a solar-sensitive material called thin-fιlm triple-junction amorphous silicon, which is sandwiched inside conventional-looking shingles and wired into the home’s electric system. Today, these systems are rare and expensive, but they’ll start to look more attractive as electricity costs climb.

It’s easy to get carried away with virions of homes that heat themselves, keep us company and remind us to call the folks. ’But technology never drives the aesthetic,’ says architect Sarah Susanka, author of J⅛wne By Design. ‘That’s why those weird-looking ‘houses of the future’ never come into being. People will always want their house to look and feel like a home.’

(Adapted Bom Ffamet Smart Home by Max Alexander) ∣A15∣ Grace is

1) A futuristic fashion house.

2) A sample of innovations.

3) A Microsoft office.

4) A real bouse. ■ ■■ ■ ■■’

∣A16∣ TheaimofGraceis

1) To free people from cooking*

2) To introduce new entertainment facilities.

3) To change people’s attitude to homes.

4) To have someone to talk to.

IA171 In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ Means that

1) you cannot feel the presence of computers.

2) computers are connected seamlessly.

3) computers are nowhere.

4) computing is meaningless.

∣A18∣Grandma’s home will allow family members

1) to live together with their grandparents.

2) to feel free from spying.

3) to convey information without sacrificing privacy.

4) to get information about their older relatives.

IA191 Structural insulated panels will make our homes

1) cheaper.

2) lighter.

3) more beautiful.

4) warmer.

. j

} A20People will have to embrace alternative energy sources because

1) solar panels look like regular roof shingles.

2) solar panels are very popular today.

3) people need more electricity.

4) Electricity is getting more and more expensive.

According to architect Sarah Susanka1 houses of the future never come into being because

1) they are rather expensive.

2) they look strange and unattractive.

3) they are difficult to construct.

4) they are too technological.

A15	A16	A17	A18	A19	A20	A21

Источник

Для выполнения заданий 12-18 экзаменуемым предлагается прочитать художественный или публицистический текст и выбрать правильный ответ из четырёх предложенных вариантов. Задания 12-18 могут представлять собой вопросы, на которые надо найти ответы, или незавершённые утверждения, к которым надо подобрать правильное окончание.

Это задания высокого уровня, требующие от учащихся полного и точного понимания текста, а следовательно, — обширного словарного запаса и прочных лексико-грамматических навыков. В процессе чтения учащиеся могут отмечать правильные ответы на листе с заданиями.

По окончании выполнения всех заданий следует перенести свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1. За каждый правильный ответ учащийся получает 1 балл. Максимально возможное количество первичных баллов за это задание — 7.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЙ 12-18

• Прочитайте внимательно весь текст, а затем начните отвечать на вопросы.

• Не волнуйтесь, если вы не знаете значения каких-либо слов. Возможно, они не понадобятся вам при выборе правильного ответа. Если всё же эти слова существенны для ответа на вопрос, попробуйте догадаться об их значении по контексту или словообразовательным элементам.

• Прочитайте вопрос и попытайтесь найти в тексте ответ на него до того, как вы посмотрите на варианты ответов. Затем прочитайте варианты ответа и выберите тот, который наилучшим образом удовлетворяет содержанию текста.

• При выборе ответа помните, что слова в правильном варианте не всегда совпадают со словами текста. Очень часто правильный ответ выражает идею текста другими словами.

• Рекомендуется отмечать ответы в тексте, чтобы в случае необходимости можно было быстро найти нужное место и ещё раз проверить свой ответ.

• Вопросы обычно следуют в том порядке, в котором они встречаются в тексте.

• Не следует отвечать на вопрос, основываясь на собственном опыте или уже имеющихся знаниях. Вы должны найти запрашиваемую информацию в тексте и сделать вывод только на основании прочитанного.

• Если вы затрудняетесь с выбором правильного ответа, попробуйте исключить неверные ответы. Обращайте внимание на детали, так как неверные ответы могут содержать иную грамматическую форму или слегка изменённую информацию из текста.

• Рекомендуемое время на выполнение этого задания — 15 мин.

ОБРАЗЦЫ ЗАДАНИЙ 12-18 В ФОРМАТЕ ЕГЭ

9. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

It was the second of September, 1859. The clipper ship Southern Cross was off Chile when it sailed into a living hell. Hailstones from above and waves from all around whipped the deck. When the ocean spray fell away to leeward, the men noticed they were sailing in an ocean of blood. The colour was reflected from the sky, which was wreathed in a red glow.

The sailors recognised the lights as the southern aurora that usually clung to the Antarctic Circle. To see them from this far north was highly unusual. As the gale subsided, they witnessed an even more astonishing display. Fiery lights loomed against the horizon as if some terrible fire had engulfed the Earth. Upon their arrival in San Francisco, they discovered that two thirds of the Earth’s skies had been similarly smothered. Also, there was a sinister side to the aurora.

The beguiling lights had disabled the telegraph system, wiping out communications across the world. It was as if today’s Internet had suddenly shut down. In some offices the equipment burst into flames. In Norway, the operators had to disconnect the apparatus, risking electrocution. On top of this, compasses spun uselessly under the grip of the aurora, disrupting global navigation.

In the scramble to understand just what had engulfed Earth, the Victorians had only one clue. On the previous morning amateur astronomer Richard Carrington was working in his private observatory and found himself witness to an unprecedented celestial event.

He was studying sunspots, the unexplained dark blemishes that occasionally speckle the Sun. The sunspot that Carrington gazed upon that day was really huge. It was almost ten times the diameter of the Earth. Without warning, two beads of white light appeared over it.

No one had ever described the Sun behaving like this before and Carrington instantly began timing the lights as they drifted across the sunspot, faded and vanished. That night, the apocalyptic aurora burst over the Earth. Could it be that Carrington’s titanic explosion had somehow hurled the electrical and magnetic energy at the Earth?

Carrington himself never pursued the research. Yet his discovery of the solar flare began half a century of intrigue, rivalry and speculation as other astronomers raced to understand the mysterious way in which the Sun could reach out the Earth. With the benefit of hindsight, we can see that the Carrington flare was a tipping point for astronomy. Suddenly aware that the Earth and its technology could be affected by celestial events, astronomers turned their attention away from charting the positions of stars to aid navigation, and began studying the nature of celestial objects.

Today, the study continues. Astronomers routinely watch solar flares and know that these explosions usually eject huge clouds of electrically-charged particles into space. When these strike the Earth, they produce the aurora in the atmosphere and cause technology to malfunction. Astronomers call it space weather, and the ferocity of it still occasionally comes as a surprise. In October 2003, a Japanese weather satellite died during a solar storm. In 1989, millions of North Americans were blacked out when a solar storm damaged the power station in Canada.

The scale of the solar storm of 1859 has never been equalled since. With our current reliance on technology higher than at any time in history, another ‘Carrington- event’ could cost us billions.

(Adapted from ‘The Biggest Solar Storm in History’ by Stuart Clark)

12. When the clipper ship Southern Cross was off Chile,

1) the weather improved.

2) huge stones started falling from above.

3) the ocean water changed its colour.

4) there was a lot of blood around.

Ответ:_______ .

13. It is rare for the southern aurora to

1) be seen against the horizon.

2) have red colour.

3) appear so far north.

4) occur near the Antarctic Circle.

Ответ:_______ .

14. What was NOT the effect of the aurora?

1) The telegraph system was disabled.

2) The Internet suddenly shut down.

3) The equipment in some offices burst into flames.

4) Compasses spun uselessly, disrupting global navigation.

Ответ:_______ .

15. The probable reason for the aurora was

1) a huge sunspot.

2) the light from the sun.

3) the electrical and magnetic energy of the Earth.

4) powerful solar flares.

Ответ:_______ .

16. Carrington’s discovery was a tipping point for astronomy because

1) it began half a century of intrigue, rivalry and speculation.

2) it proved celestial events were unable to affect our planet.

3) astronomers began studying the nature of the celestial objects.

4) astronomers turned their attention to charting the positions of stars.

Ответ:_______ .

17. Today astronomers are still amazed by the

1) extreme force of solar storms.

2) amount of electrically-charged particles ejected by solar flares.

3) fact that the aurora causes technology to malfunction.

4) fact that a Japanese weather satellite died during a solar storm.

Ответ:_______ .

18. The solar storm of 1859 was

1) the first solar storm on our planet.

2) twice as big as the fiercest recent storms.

3) less fierce than most recent solar storms.

4) the fiercest in recent history.

Ответ: .

10. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

When David steps out of the front door he is blinded for a moment by the fizzing sunlight and reaches instinctively for his dad’s hand. Father and son are on their way to the barbershop, something they have always done together.

The routine is always the same. ‘It’s about time we got that mop of yours cut,’ David’s dad says. ‘Perhaps, I should do it. Where are those garden shears, Jane?’ Sometimes his dad chases him round the living room, pretending to cut off his ears. When he was young David used to get too excited and start crying, scared that maybe he really would lose his ears, but he has long since grown out of that.

Mr. Samuels’ barbershop is in a long room above the shop, reached by a steep flight of stairs. There is a groove worn in each step by the men who climb and descend in a regular stream. David follows his father, annoyed that he cannot make each step creak like his old man can.

David loves the barbershop — it’s like nowhere else he goes. Black and white photographs of men with various out-offashion hairstyles hang above a picture rail at the end of the room, where two barber’s chairs are bolted to the floor. They are heavy, old-fashioned chairs with foot pumps that hiss and chatter as Mr. Samuels, the rolls of his plump neck squashing slightly, adjusts the height of the seat. In front of the chairs are deep sinks with a showerhead and long metal hose attached to the taps. Behind the sinks are mirrors and on either side of these, shelves overflowing with a mixture of plastic combs, shaving mugs, scissors, cut throat razors and hair.

The room is usually packed with customers, silent for most of the time. When it is David’s turn for a cut, Mr. Samuels places a wooden board covered with a piece of red leather across the arms of the chair, so that the barber doesn’t have to stoop to cut the boy’s hair. David scrambles up onto the bench and looked at himself in the mirror.

‘The rate you’re shooting up, you won’t need this soon,’ the barber says. ‘Wow,’ says David, squirming round to look at his dad, forgetting that he can see him through the mirror. ‘Dad, Mr. Samuels said I could be sitting in the chair soon, not just on the board!’ ‘I hear,’ his father replies without looking up from the paper. ‘I expect Mr. Samuels will start charging me more for your hair then.’ ‘At least double the price,’ said Mr. Samuels, winking at David. Finally David’s dad looks up from his newspaper and glances into the mirror, seeing his son looking back at him. He smiles.

Occasionally David steals glances at the barber as he works. He smells a mixture of stale sweat and aftershave as the barber’s moves around him, combing and snipping, combing and snipping. David feels like he is in another world, noiseless except for the snap of the barber’s scissors. In the reflection from the window he could see a few small clouds moving slowly to the sound of the scissors’ click.

When Mr. Samuels has finished, David hops down from the seat, rubbing the itchy hair from his face. Looking down he sees his own thick, blonde hair scattered among the browns, greys and blacks of the men who have sat in the chair before him. For a moment he wants to reach down and gather up the broken blonde locks, to separate them from the others, but he does not have time.

The sun is still strong when they reach the pavement outside the shop. ‘Let’s get some fish and chips to take home, save your mum from cooking tea,’ says David’s dad. The youngster is excited and grabs his dad’s hand.

(Adapted from ‘David’s Haircut’ by Ken Elkes)

12. Sometimes David’s dad chases him round the living room because he

1) intends to take him to the barbershop.

2) feels like frightening David.

3) wants to cut off David’s ears.

4) plans to cut David’s hair with the shears.

Ответ:______ .

13. In paragraph 3 ‘a groove’ means

1) a kind of clothes worn by the men who come to the barbershop.

2) a special perfume.

3) a thin cut into a wooden surface.

4) a creak that each step makes.

Ответ:______ .

14. Mr. Samuels

1) has got a modern barbershop.

2) is a rich barber.

3) has got very few customers.

4) is slightly fat.

Ответ:______ .

15. Mr. Samuels places a wooden board across the arms of the chair because he

1) wants David to sit comfortably while cutting.

2) would like David to see himself in the mirror.

3) doesn’t want to bend while cutting the boy’s hair.

4) doesn’t want David to turn in order to see his father.

Ответ:______ .

16. Mr. Samuels says he will charge a double price for David’s hair because

1) he intends to raise the price of the haircut.

2) David has already grown up.

3) he is kidding.

4) he needs to buy a new chair.

Ответ:______ .

17. David feels like he is in another world because he

1) has never been to the barbershop.

2) can hear almost no sounds.

3) smells a mixture of stale sweat and aftershave.

4) can see some clouds in the sky.

Ответ:______ .

18. David’s hair is

1) fair.

2) grey.

3) brown.

4) black.

Ответ:______ .

11. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The risk of catastrophic climate change is getting worse, according to a new study from scientists involved with the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Threats, ranging from the destruction of coral reefs to more extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts and floods, are becoming more likely at the temperature change that is already underway.

‘Most people thought that the risks were going to be only for certain species and poor people. But all of a sudden the European heat wave of 2003 came along and killed lots of people. Hurricane Katrina caused the increased intensity of droughts and floods. Plus, there’s a dramatic melting of Greenland that nobody can explain,’ says climatologist Stephen Schneider of Stanford University. ‘There is evidence everywhere that what was believed to be likely has happened. Unfortunately, nature has been cooperating with the climate change theory, and this fact certainly has to increase our concern.’

Schneider and his colleagues updated a graph, dubbed the ‘burning embers’, that was designed to map the risks of damage from global warming. The initial version of the graph drawn in 2001 had the risks of climate change beginning to appear after 3.6 °F (2 °C) of warming, but the years since have shown that climate risks kick in with less warming.

According to the new graph, risks to ‘unique and threatened systems’ such as coral reefs as well as risks of extreme weather events become likely when temperatures rise by as little as 1.8 °F from 1990 levels, which is likely to occur by mid-century given the current concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Risks of negative consequences such as increased droughts and the complete melting of ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica definitively outweigh any potential positives such as longer growing seasons in countries like Canada and Russia.

‘We’re definitely going to overshoot some of these temperatures where we see these very large vulnerabilities manifest,’ says economist Gary Yohe of Wesleyan University in Middletown. ‘That means we’ll have to learn how to adapt.’ Adaptation notwithstanding, Yohe and Schneider say that scientists must also figure out a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to reverse the heating trend and to prevent further damage.

Several bills pending in Congress would set a so-called cap-and-trade policy under which an overall limit on pollution would be set. Companies with low output could sell their allowances to those that fail to cut emissions as long as the total stays within the total pollution cap. ‘Any federal policy would put a price on carbon dioxide pollution, which is currently free to vent into the atmosphere,’ Yohe notes. He, however, favours a so-called carbon tax that would set a fixed price for climate-changing pollution.

But even with such policies in place climate change is a foregone conclusion. Global average temperatures have already risen by at least 0.6 °C and further warming of at least 0.4 °C is virtually certain, according to the IPCC. A host of studies, including a recent one from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have shown that global warming is already worse than predicted even a few years ago. The question is: ‘Will it be catastrophic or not?’ ‘Nobody knows,’ Schneider says. ‘But it’s time to move.’

(Adapted from ‘Risks of Global Warming Rising‘ by David Biello)

12. The current temperature change

1) is less than it was predicted.

2) is too little to cause any concern.

3) makes natural disasters more probable.

4) has caused the catastrophic climate change.

Ответ:_______ .

13. According to Stephen Schneider, people should be more worried because

1) the heat wave is going to kill more people.

2) the intensity of floods and drought will increase in the near future.

3) nobody can explain the dramatic melting of Greenland.

4) nature has proved the climate change theory.

Ответ:_______ .

14. In paragraph 3 ‘dubbed’ means

1) added.

2) named.

3) doubled.

4) showed.

Ответ:_______ .

15. According to the updated graph, risks of negative consequences begin to appear

1) when the temperature change reaches 1° C.

2) when temperatures rise by as little as 1.8° C from 1990 levels.

3) after 3.6° F of warming.

4) after 2° C of warming.

Ответ:_______ .

16. Global warming has

1) only negative consequences.

2) only positive consequences.

3) more negative than positive consequences.

4) more positive than negative consequences.

Ответ:_______ .

17. Cap-and-trade policy implies that

1) companies will have to cut their emissions.

2) companies could sell their emissions.

3) the overall amount of emissions must stay within a certain limit.

4) companies will have to pay a fixed carbon tax.

Ответ: .

18. According to the IPCC, global warming

1) is no worse than predicted a few years ago.

2) will have catastrophic effect.

3) is still uncertain.

4) is inevitable.

Ответ: .

12. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианта ответа.

Any architect, builder or scientist can speculate about what the house of the future might be like. But Grace can tell you because Grace is a talking house. Her high-tech gadgets and innovative uses of everyday objects will certainly change the way we think about our homes. Grace isn’t the only one exploring how technology can make our homes more efficient and comfortable. Here is a survey of home innovators’ best ideas.

Grace is not a real house. More formally known as the Microsoft Home, she exists inside an office building on the company’s campus in Redmond. But once inside, it’s easy to imagine you’re in a trendy, futuristic home. When you enter the house, Grace’s voice, coming from hidden speakers, relays your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour on the stone counter. Grace sees what you’re doing, and projects a list of flour-based recipes on the counter. Once you choose one, Grace recites a list of necessary ingredients. She even knows what’s in your pantry or refrigerator, thanks to a special technology.

The notion of seamless computing, in which technology is everywhere and yet nowhere (except when we want it), underlies most future-home thinking. Technology manager Jay Libby envisions windows made of smart glass that can be transformed into a TV. ‘Nobody wants a television set,’ says Libby. ‘People want the service it provides.’ If he gets his way, the TV will soon disappear, and the term picture window will be redefined.

Home entertainment is just one consideration for the future. The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off. In Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow older people to continue living independently. For example, Grandma’s home can be intelligently wired to recognize her patterns of sleep and movement so that her family members can be notified of any changes via computer. Does spying on Grandma sound creepy? Today scientists are working on how to convey information without sacrificing privacy and autonomy. They also don’t want to create inappropriate anxiety. Maybe your granny just took a quiet day to read, and the system would have to recognize that.

If we’re going to live in our homes longer, they’ll need to be more flexible. Future homes will be manufactured in factories and then assembled on-site. Already, some homes are made out of prefab walls called structural insulated panels. These boards wrapped around a foam core eliminate the need for conventional framing. Besides offering speed, strength and accuracy, panellised construction is extremely airtight because the foam core completely seals the home. Insulspan president Frank Baker calls it ‘a total energy envelope.’ He ought to know because his own 5,000-square-foot panellised home costs less than $500 a year to heat.

At some point, homes will have to use alternative energy sources such as solar panels, which look like regular roof shingles. Today, these systems are rare and expensive, but they’ll start to look more attractive as electricity costs climb.

It’s easy to get carried away with visions of homes that heat themselves, keep us company and remind us to call the folks. ‘But technology never drives the aesthetic,’ says architect Sarah Susanka. ‘That’s why those weird-looking ‘houses of the future’ never come into being. People will always want their house to look and feel like a home.’

(Adapted from ‘Home, Smart Home’ by Max Alexander)

12. Grace is a

1) futuristic fashion house.

2) sample of innovations.

3) Microsoft office.

4) real house.

Ответ: .

13. The aim of Grace is to

1) free people from cooking.

2) introduce new entertainment facilities.

3) change people’s attitude to homes.

4) have someone to talk to.

Ответ:______ .

14. In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ means that

1) you cannot feel the presence of computers.

2) computers are connected seamlessly.

3) there are no computers in the house.

4) computing is meaningless.

Ответ:______ .

15. Grandma’s home will allow family members to

1) live together with their grandparents.

2) feel free from spying.

3) convey information without sacrificing privacy.

4) get information about their older relatives.

Ответ:______ .

16. Structural insulated panels will make our houses

1) cheaper.

2) lighter.

3) more beautiful.

4) warmer.

Ответ:______ .

17. People will have to use alternative energy sources in the future because

1) solar panels are cheaper than regular roof shingles.

2) solar panels are very popular today.

3) people need more and more electricity.

4) electricity is getting more and more expensive.

Ответ:______ .

18. According to architect Sarah Susanka, houses of the future never come into being because they are

1) rather expensive.

2) strange and unattractive.

3) difficult to construct.

4) too complicated.

Ответ:______ .

Источник

Задание №6640.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ means that
1) you cannot feel the presence of computers.
2) computers are connected seamlessly.
3) computers are nowhere.
4) computing is meaningless.

Решение:
In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ means that you cannot feel the presence of computers.
В 4 абзаце словосочетание ‘seamless computing’ означает, что вы не можете ощущать присутствие компьютеров.

Показать ответ

Источник: ЕГЭ-2018, английский язык: 30 тренировочных вариантов для подготовки к ЕГЭ. Е. С. Музланова

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Это не война, это только спецоперация

Война — это вооруженный конфликт, цель которого — навязать свою волю: свергнуть правительство, заставить никогда не вступить в НАТО, отобрать часть территории. Обо всем этом открыто заявляет Владимир Путин в каждом своем обращении. Но от того, что он называет войну спецоперацией, меньше людей не гибнет.

Россия хочет только защитить ЛНР и ДНР

Российская армия обстреливает города во всех областях Украины, ракеты выпускали во Львов, Ивано-Франковск, Луцк и другие города на западе Украины.

На карте Украины вы увидите, что Львов, Ивано-Франковск и Луцк — это больше тысячи километров от ЛНР и ДНР. Это другой конец страны.

Это места попадания ракет 25 февраля. За полтора месяца их стало гораздо больше во всей Украине.

Центр Украины тоже пострадал — только первого апреля российские солдаты вышли из Киевской области. Мы не понимаем, как оккупация сел Киевской области и террор местных жителей могли помочь Донбасу.

Мирных жителей это не коснется

Это касается каждого жителя Украины каждый день.

Тысячам семей пришлось бросить родные города. Снаряды попадают в наши жилые дома.

Это был обычный жилой дом в Тростянце, в Сумской области. За сотни километров от так называемых ЛНР и ДНР.

Тысячи мирных людей ранены или погибли. Подсчитать точные цифры сложно — огромное количество тел все еще под завалами Мариуполя или лежат во дворах небольших сел под Киевом.

Российская армия обстреливает пункты гуманитарной помощи и «зеленые коридоры».

Во время эвакуации мирного населения из Ирпеня семья попала под минометные обстрелы — все погибли.

Среди убитых много детей. Под обстрелы уже попадали детские садики и больницы.

Мы вынуждены ночевать на станциях метро, боясь обвалов наших домов. Украинские женщины рожают детей в метро, подвалах и бомбоубежищах, потому что в роддомы тоже стреляют.

Это груднички, которых вместо теплых кроваток приходится размещать в подвалах. С начала войны Украине родилось больше 15 000 детей. Все они еще ни разу в жизни не видели мирного неба.

В Украине — геноцид русскоязычного народа, а Россия его спасает

В нашей компании работают люди из всех частей Украины: больше всего сотрудников из Харькова, есть ребята из Киева, Днепра, Львова, Кропивницкого и других городов. 99% сотрудников до войны разговаривали только на русском языке. Нас никогда и никак не притесняли.

Но теперь именно русскоязычные города, Харьков, Мариуполь, Россия пытается стереть с лица земли.

Это Мариуполь. В подвалах и бомбоубежищах Мариуполя все еще находятся сто тысяч украинцев. К сожалению, мы не знаем, сколько из них сегодня живы

Украинцы сами в себя стреляют

У каждого украинца сейчас есть брат, коллега, друг или сосед в ЗСУ и территориальной обороне. Мы знаем, что происходит на фронте, из первых уст — от своих родных и близких. Никто не станет стрелять в свой дом и свою семью.

Украина во власти нацистов, и их нужно уничтожить

Наш президент — русскоговорящий еврей. На свободных выборах в 2019 году за него проголосовало три четверти населения Украины.

Как у любой власти, у нас есть оппозиция. Но мы не избавляемся от неугодных, убивая их или пришивая им уголовные дела.

У нас нет места диктатуре, и мы показали это всему миру в 2013 году. Мы не боимся говорить вслух, и нам точно не нужна ваша помощь в этом вопросе.

Украинские семьи потеряли полтора миллиона родных, борясь с нацизмом во время Второй мировой. Мы никогда не выберем нацизм, фашизм или национализм как наш путь. И нам не верится, что вы сами можете всерьез так думать.

Это месть за детей Донбасса

Российские СМИ любят рассказывать о кровожадных украинских детоубийцах. Но «распятый мальчик в трусиках» и «мальчик — мишень для ракет ВСУ» — это легенды, придуманные российскими пропагандистами. Нет ни единого доказательства подобным страшилкам, только истории с государственных российских телеканалов.

Однако допустим, что ваши солдаты верят в эти легенды. Тогда у нас все равно появляется вопрос: зачем, мстя за детей Донбасса, они убивают детей Донбасса?

8 апреля солдаты рф выпустили две ракеты в вокзал Краматорска, где четыре тысячи украинцев ждали эвакуационные поезда. Ракетным ударом российские солдаты убили 57 человек, из которых 5 — дети. Еще 16 детей были ранены. Это дети Донбасса.

На одной из ракет остались остатки надписи «за детей».

Сразу после удара российские СМИ сообщили о выполненном задании, но когда стало известно о количестве жертв — передумали и сказали, что у рф даже нет такого оружия.

Это тоже ложь, вот статья в российских СМИ про учения с комплексом Точка-У. Рядом скриншот из видео с военным парадом, на котором видна Точка-У.

Еще один фейк, который пытались распространить в СМИ: «выпущенная по Краматорску ракета принадлежала ВСУ, это подтверждает ее серийный номер». Прочитайте подробное опровержение этой лжи.

Посмотрите на последствия удара. Кому конкретно из этих людей мстили за детей Донбасса?

Если бы Россия не напала на Украину, Украина бы напала на Россию

Нет, не напала бы.

Посмотрите, в скольких войнах участвовала и сколько войн развязала Россия за 30 лет:

1992–1993 — Россия оккупировала Приднестровье
1992–1993 — Россия спровоцировала Абхазскую войну
1994–1996 — Первая русско-чеченская война
1999–2009 — Вторая русско-чеченская война
2008 — Российско-грузинская война
2015–2022 — Вторжение России в Сирию
2014–2022 — Российско-украинская война

Украина за 30 лет не начала ни одну войну. Мы защищали отобранные россией территории, но никогда не развязывали войны.

Украинцы сами хотят в Россию

Это неправда, мы не хотим быть частью России. Мы суверенная страна с большой историей. Мы хотим развиваться так, как это видим МЫ, а не диктатор из соседней страны.

Посмотрите на захваченный Херсон, из которого оккупанты пытаются сделать ХНР:

Люди выходят на митинги против российских оккупантов, в них стреляют, бросают светошумовые гранаты. Но на следующий день люди выходят вновь.

Россия начала войну, чтобы не подпустить НАТО к своим границам

Четыре страны, которые входят в НАТО, уже граничат с Россией: Латвия, Литва, Эстония и Польша.

Украина не входит в НАТО. Более того, в середине февраля канцлер Германии подчеркнул, что в обозримом будущем нашу страну и не планируют принимать в НАТО.

На нашей территории нет баз НАТО и нет американских биолабораторий.

Путин использует НАТО как страшилку для россиян, но при этом в 2000 году он сам планировал присоединить Россию к альянсу.

Вновь, если вы не верите нам, украинской стороне, проверьте информацию в независимых международных СМИ:

Как Путин оправдывает вторжение в Украину. Фактчекинг DW (Deutsche Welle)

ВОПРОС 1. Grace is
1) a futuristic fashion house.
2) a sample of innovations.
3) a Microsoft office.
4) a real house.

ВОПРОС 2. The aim of Grace is
1) to free people from cooking.
2) to introduce new entertainment facilities.
3) to change people’s attitude to homes.
4) to have someone to talk to.

ВОПРОС 5. Structural insulated panels will make our homes
1) cheaper.
2) lighter.
3) more beautiful.
4) warmer.

ВОПРОС 1: – 2
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 1
ВОПРОС 4: – 4
ВОПРОС 5: – 4
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 2

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Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите девушку, рассказывающую о своём путешествии в Южную Америку. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

14A8 The narrator wanted to go to South America because 1 she had enjoyed working on a project about it.

2 she wanted to see the nature there. 3 her father had told her a lot about it.

15A9 The narrator’s parents were worried that she 1 would get homesick while she was away. 2 wouldn’t come back from South America. 3 wanted to travel by herself.

16A10 The narrator says that she was surprised by

1 how well she did in her exams.

2 how long her trip took to plan.

3 how relaxed her parents were about the trip.

17A11 The narrator decided to do volunteer work because 1 some friends recommended it to her.

2 she thought it would be the most enjoyable way to spend her time. 3 she thought it would impress future employers.

18A12 Regarding her time in the mountain village, the narrator suggests that 1 it passed very quickly.

2 she would have liked to stay longer.

3 it had made her want to become a teacher.

19A13 The narrator says that she is glad that, while on her trip, she 1 spent time getting to know the locals.

2 knew how to speak some Spanish.

3 visited every country in South America.

20A14 Now that she is back from her trip, the narrator 1 is keen to travel again.

2 is recovering from an illness she caught in South America. 3 is considering going to university in South America.

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 12

1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A A better method

B Responsible shopping

C Lucky winners

DHelp from nature

1 Two families – one from London, and one from Liverpool – have won last night’s national lottery. Speaking from outside their home in London’s East End, Mr and Mrs Miller said that they will ‘not let the money change their lives’ and that they will both be at work as usual on Monday morning. The Liverpool family, who do not wish to be named, plan to move abroad.

2 For many years now, Changi Airport in Singapore has been voted the world’s best airport by airline travellers. Changi Airport does not simply provide travellers with wonderful restaurants and shops in a calm and pleasant atmosphere. You can also swim in its rooftop swimming pool, have a massage in one of its spas, sit quietly in the ‘garden’ area of its main hall, or watch TV in comfortable chairs while waiting for your flight.

3Before the invention of the compass, sailors looked to the sun in the daytime and to the stars at night to help them find their way across the oceans. For example, by locating Polaris (or ‘the North Star’) in the night sky, sailors could identify the direction of North. This is because Polaris never moves from its position in the night sky directly above the North Pole.

4Long ago, zoos obtained their animals by going out into the wild and capturing them. Today, this happens very rarely. For one thing, it is extremely stressful for the animals involved and there is a high risk of injury.

E A great shopping experience

F Working to protect animals

G Everything you need

H Waiting in comfort

Also, wild animals often carry diseases that would harm the other animals in the zoo. Today, therefore, most zoos get their animals from the captive breeding programmes of other zoos.

5Gyms these days are full of all kinds of fancy exercise equipment; treadmills, rowing machines, exercise bikes, resistance machines and much more. But the biggest gyms also have swimming pools, steam rooms and cafeterias. They offer classes in yoga, dance, aerobics and many other forms of exercise. And they have expert trainers on hand to answer all your fitness questions.

6Here is one thing that we can all do to help species that are close to extinction. When travelling overseas, be very careful not to buy any souvenirs that have been made from species nearing extinction. This means avoiding purchasing items made from ivory, coral and fur and also ‘medicinal’ products as they often contain rhino, tiger and bear parts.

7Wildlife parks and zoos are very educational places but perhaps their greatest purpose is the conservation of endangered species. Animal centres all around the world work together in order to breed rare and endangered species. For example, today there are only a few hundred giant pandas left in the wild. If breeding programmes and conservation efforts are successful, future generations may still be able to see these beautiful animals in the flesh, not just in books.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
B2 C	H	D	A	G	B	F

Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

2 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу B3.

In 2004, a grave containing the skeletons of a human and a cat, lying close together, was excavated in Cyprus.

The grave was around 9,500 years old, 1) …….. .

The ancient Egyptians kept cats as pets,

2) …….. .

People often placed statues of cats outside their homes, 3) …….. . When a cat died, their former owners and the other occupants of the house would go into deep mourning and would often even shave their eyebrows as a sign of grief.

Moreover, cats were frequently mummified and bowls of milk and dead rats and mice were placed in their tombs, 4) …….. .

Awhich seems very strange to modern cultures

Band showed that cats had been kept by humans for far longer than we had previously thought

Cso that they would have food for their journey into the afterlife

Das they kept rats and mice away from homes

Cats were so respected in ancient Egypt that they were even protected by law. People could be sentenced to death if they killed a cat, 5) …….. .

One record documents the execution of an unfortunate Roman soldier whose chariot had run over a cat.

There are many tomb scenes that show cats as part of everyday life in ancient Egypt. They often showed them wearing jewellery including earrings, necklaces and fancy collars. The Egyptians even took their cats on hunting expeditions, 6) …….. .

Today, it is estimated that there are over 600 million domestic cats around the world, which makes the cat the most popular of all pets. However, the cat no longer has any religious significance in any culture.

Eand they also worshipped the cat like one of their gods

Fbecause they believed that this would protect the inhabitants

G even by accident

1	2	3	4	5	6
B3 B	E	F	C	G	A

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 12

3Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

A New Life

“Are you looking for a room?” the man had asked. We’d only just got off the bus. Ian was still pulling the bags out of the luggage

prices,” the man

A15

We’d been all around the country that summer, finding temporary work to pay for our travels. Ian had grown up in a village, so

A16

the local farmers had been happy to hire him to help them out for a week or two. I’m a city boy myself, but because I’m pretty well-built I didn’t have a problem either. Of course, that meant that I got all the heavy work!

Once we had collected our bags, we followed the man up a nearby side-street. He didn’t stop talking the whole way. After a few twists

That first night we strolled around the town to see what opportunities there might be for work. Our last job had given us enough to live off for a few weeks so we weren’t desperate,

A19

possible. Everyone we met was very friendly and we went back to our rooms feeling quite optimistic.

Within a couple of days, I had started work

at a fish restaurant in the town washing up the

A20

pots and dishes. Maybe it wasn’t the best job in the world, but after weeks of manual labour in the fields it was a welcome change. I could watch the chef preparing the food and sometimes, when the restaurant was particularly busy, I would help him. He knew

these rooms would be too expensive for us. The man must have read my thoughts. “Now, normally I’d be asking twice as much for these rooms,” he began, “but you’re in luck because the tourist season is practically over.”

The rooms were perfect. The décor was slightly shabby but, as if to make up for it, the balcony had a stunning view over the town. We decided to stay for a month initially, and depending on what happened, we would come to an arrangement after that. It was a relief to be settled somewhere, if only for a few weeks. I could now pack my suitcase in record time and we’d met so many people that I’d lost count. Sometimes when I was introduced to yet another stranger I would change my name, just to make it more interesting.

tasted amazing. I’d go home at night and write down the recipes and tips that I’d learnt.

Our first month in the town came to an end and we decided to stay for another three. Ian had found some painting and decorating work and I was quite happy. Those three months turned into six, and before I knew it I had been at the restaurant for a whole year. The chef asked me if I would like to become his assistant — he said I had a natural gift for cooking. So that’s how I ended up here, ten years later, as Head Chef at Alberto’s Fish

Restaurant. Ian is still here as well, running

A21

his own decorating business. One day I hope to achieve something similar for myself, too.

Practice Test 12	ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

	The man waiting at the bus stop was very
14
A15	1
	rude.
	2	impatient.
	3	unhelpful.
	4	persistent.

15A16 The farmers gave the narrator and his friend Ian work because

1 they thought they would be suitable for it.

2 they needed seasonal workers.

3 they had known Ian since he was young.

4 they found both boys cheerful and friendly.

16A17 The narrator thought the rooms could be too expensive after he realised 1 how popular they were.

2 what time of year it was.

3 how nice the exterior was.

4 where they were.

17A18 In paragraph four, the narrator suggests that he had become tired of 1 staying in hotels.

2 packing his suitcase.

3 moving from place to place.

4 meeting new people.

18A19 In paragraph five, the narrator uses the phrase ‘put out feelers’ to mean 1 meet as many people as possible.

2 speak to people to get information about work.

3 find a suitable job to earn some money.

4 get to know a new place.

19A20 The narrator enjoyed his new job because 1 all his food was cooked for him.

2 it was different from his previous jobs.

3 his boss took an interest in teaching him to cook. 4 the time passed quickly.

20A21 In the final paragraph, we learn that the narrator 1 would like to start a business with Ian.

2 regrets staying so long at Alberto’s restaurant.

3 hopes that his career as a chef will continue to advance. 4 wishes that he had achieved as much as Ian.

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 12

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло* ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера* ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

B4	was
B5	was trying
B6	will find
B7	had passed

B8	have been given
	B9	had left
B10	fixed

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ* ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

The Trans Siberian Railway

Travelling on the	Trans Siberian	Express is an	extraordinary journey. It	is the	longest
	continuous
B11	railway in the world — 10,000 kilometres long, or one third of the distance

around	the globe.	Travellers on	the Trans Siberian railway describe the	journey	as a(n)
	amazing
B129)	adventure; seven days or more of exotic travel from Moscow to Vladivostok.

				10)B13		conversation	with other passengers that
However, many travellers say that it is the

makes the journey special. You can spend many hours making new friends and discussing the

landscape of the Ural Mountains and Siberia.
You can either stay on	the	train	for the	whole journey	or,	if	you are	feeling more
1B14)	adventurous	,	you	can	arrange	stops along the	way.	A	stopover	at Irkutsk is

recommended for a few days. Here you can explore the city and visit the	12)B15	beautiful

Lake Baikal; the deepest lake in the world.

The journey ends on the east coast of Russia in Vladivostok, whose name means “Lord of the East”. However you decide to spend your time on the Trans Siberian Express, it will be an extremely

13)B16	memorable	experience.

CONTINUE

AMAZE CONVERSE

ADVENTURE BEAUTY

MEMORY

Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

3Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возмож* ные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

The Report Card

John had never been very good 14)A22…….. sports. He simply wasn’t an athletic kind of person. He knew it, his

friends knew it, and his gym teachers at school had known it, too. On his school report for the year 1992, his

Physical Education teacher had written: ‘John tries very	……..15)A23	in class, but achieves below average results.’
The teacher had obviously thought that it would be a good idea to mention John’s effort, but he only
16)A24……..
in emphasising his failure.
As an adult in his			thirties, John did everything he could to avoid playing any sort of sport. Whenever
17)A25………

his friends were trying to organise a friendly game of football, or his boss needed to find a tennis partner, John

would always 18)A26…….. an excuse. Once, he even faked an injury so that he didn’t have to take 19)A27…….. in

a basketball game. But it was only when John had to explain to his new girlfriend why he couldn’t play squash with


her that he decided that his problem with sports had gone on for long enough. It was	……..20)A28		to change.
A22	1	for	2	at	3	to	4	on
A23	1	strongly	2	well	3	heavily	4	hard
A24	1	achieved	2	succeeded	3	managed	4	ended
A25	1	beginning	2	young	3	early	4	opening
A26	1	make up	2	find out	3	put up	4	think over
A27	1	position	2	role	3	place	4	part
A28	1	time	2	moment	3	season	4	point

ЧАСТЬ 4 – ПИСЬМО

C11 You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Jack who writes:

… Well, my exams start next week and I’m feeling a little stressed even though I’ve studied hard. How often do you have exams at your school? Do you like taking exams? How do you

cope with the pressure?

It’s my best friend John’s birthday this weekend …

Write a letter to Jack. In your letter ● answer his questions

● ask 3 questions about his best friend’s birthday Write 100 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

C22 Comment on the following statement.

“Extreme sports have become more and more popular. However, some say that they are too risky.”

What is your opinion? Does the thrill of the sport outweigh the risk? Write 200 250 words.

Use the following plan:

●write an introduction (state the problem/topic)

●express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

●give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

●draw a conclusion

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Practice Test 13

1 Вы услышите высказывания шести людей о путешествиях. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное буквой,

только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B1.

A I appreciate travelling for my job.

B I have found a way to travel quite cheaply.

C I don’t have to travel far to find what I want. D I prefer to travel by myself.

E Thinking about my holiday helps me to cope with my busy schedule. F I think people should think about the negative effects of travelling. G I want to travel more but I have a problem that stops me.

1	2	3	4	5	6
B1 C	E	F	A	G	B

2Вы услышите беседу двух друзей о мобильных телефонах и Интернете. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1– True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положи’ тельного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды. Обведите правильный ответ.

A17 Laura is looking at mobile phones in a shop window.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A28 Dave doesn’t own a mobile phone.

		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated

A39	Dave believes that using technology has made people more anti-social.
		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated
		Both Laura and Dave would like to use the Internet when they are not at home.
A410
		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated
		Dave is worried about the Internet having harmful effects on young people.
A511
		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated

A612 Laura’s parents monitor her use of the Internet.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A713 In the end, Laura decides not to buy an Internet phone.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

100

Practice Test 13

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите рассказ молодого человека о вегетарианстве. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A814 While growing up, the narrator ate food that was 1 unhealthy.

2 badly cooked.

3 not very varied.

A915 The narrator says his university served food that was 1 liked only by the foreign students.

2 good value but not very healthy.

3 worse than what he was used to.

A1016 The narrator tried a vegetarian dish because

1 his vegetarian friends encouraged him to.

2 he thought the quality might be better.

3 the meat dishes had started to make him ill.

A1117 After he started eating vegetarian meals, the narrator

1 realised his attitude towards vegetarians had been wrong.

2 began to really dislike the smell of meat.

3 began to lose weight.

A1218 While deciding whether to become a vegetarian or not, the narrator

1 did some research into vegetarianism.

2 continued to eat some meat.

3 realised how healthy he felt.

A1319 The narrator finally made his decision based on

1 what he found out about the benefits of vegetarianism. 2 how much healthier he was feeling.

3 the opinions of others.

A1420 The narrator’s parents

1 are slowly accepting his decision to be a vegetarian. 2 are now thinking about becoming vegetarians too. 3 are unhappy that he is a vegetarian.

101

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 13

A Travel with a purpose

B Make a discovery

C Getting a good view

DA difficult task

1 For hundreds of years, people have been competing in bizarre ‘gurning’ contests around England. What is gurning? Well, it is simply the act of making the ugliest face possible. Some elderly people can make some spectacular gurns. If they have false teeth, they can take them out and bring their lower lip so far up that it can cover their nose! But even younger people can make amazing gurns – just look at celebrity Jim Carrey!

2Thousands of spectators line the route of the Tour de France bike race each year, trying to see over other people’s heads. Then when the competitors pass, they flash by so quickly that it is hard to get even a glimpse of them. Therefore, it’s worth buying a tour guide with route information so that you can plan well in advance the best place to stand to see your favourite cyclists speed by.

3The goal of responsible tourism is to help people in need as well as the holidaymakers themselves. Some tour operators, for example, organise charity bike rides. Visitors cycle around places of interest following a pre-arranged route. They enjoy a valuable new experience and at the same time part of the cost of the holiday is donated to local community projects.

4The Sibit-sibit Festival is held each year to give tourists a rich and colourful picture of the history of Olongapo in the Philippines. Sibit-sibits are ancient paddle boats that

E Greatest invention

F An unusual competition

G Keeping traditions alive

H Still popular today

were used by fishing villages. During past celebrations, fishermen held races and won with their great physical strength alone. Today, the traditional Sibit-sibit Festival is a lively and enchanting event that brings together Olongapo’s rich past, successful present and promising future.

5Bicycles were first introduced in the 19th century and there are now over one billion of them worldwide. Many people still prefer this eco-friendly mode of transport. Postmen, delivery personnel and even police officers can often be seen riding bicycles.

6The Archaeological Seminars Foundation offers visitors of all ages the opportunity to ‘Dig for a Day’. This programme allows the unskilled enthusiast to get their hands dirty while getting the chance to make a fabulous discovery. Activities include digging, pottery examination and touring the latest excavation site. Thousands of people have already participated in this memorable experience!

7What is the most important mechanical invention of all time? The wheel no doubt! The earliest known use of the wheel was probably the potter’s wheel in 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. Interestingly enough, the wheel was used for manufacturing before it was used for transporting. Today, nearly every machine includes the wheel; from the smallest of pocket watches to the largest of aeroplanes.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
B2 F	C	A	G	H	B	E

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Источник

В чем еще вам лгут российские политики

Это не война, это только спецоперация

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Мирных жителей это не коснется

В Украине — геноцид русскоязычного народа, а Россия его спасает

Украинцы сами в себя стреляют

Украина во власти нацистов, и их нужно уничтожить

Это месть за детей Донбасса

Если бы Россия не напала на Украину, Украина бы напала на Россию

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