Cons pros егэ

Существует несколько разновидностей эссе, которые пишутся в рамках заданий или экзаменов по английскому языку. Все они имеют общие особенности, которые мы уже подробно рассмотрели в статье «Как писать эссе по английскому. Виды эссе«. В этой статье я расскажу вам о специфике эссе «за и против» по английскому языку (For and Against Essay).

Ниже вы найдёте всё необходимое, чтобы правильно написать эссе «за и против» на английском языке. Мы рассмотрим, что представляет собой эссе «за и против», разберём его характерные черты и структуру, а также я дам несколько советов по написанию эссе. А в этой статье вы найдёте пример эссе за и против на английском языке.

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Что такое эссе «за и против» (For and Against Essay)?

Эссе «за и против» по английскому – один из наиболее распространённых типов эссе, и он же является одним из самых сложных. В таком эссе вы должны будете рассмотреть некоторое явление окружающего мира и проанализировать его положительные и отрицательные стороны. Особую сложность представляет то, что вы должны быть объективны в рассмотрении вопроса. И аргументы «за», и аргументы «против» в таком эссе должны быть примерно равноценны, и их должно быть равное или, по крайней мере, сопоставимое количество.

Ваше личное отношение к вопросу вы можете высказать только в заключении, и желательно, чтобы оно не просматривалось в основной части эссе. Важно также включать и те аргументы, которые вы сами не считаете вескими или верными, но считают таковыми другие люди. В таком случае, вы можете их оспорить, но делать это необходимо, приводя объективные доводы или данные. Напрямую выражать своё несогласие не стоит – для этого есть эссе-мнение (Opinion Essay).

Структура эссе «за и против» по английскому

Эссе «за и против» пишется по тому же плану, что и остальные эссе, и состоит из заголовка, введения, основной части и заключения. Основное отличие эссе такого рода от всех прочих – в основной части или «теле» эссе, которое может быть двух видов. Ниже мы рассмотрим, каковы особенности каждого элемента структуры эссе «за и против».

Заголовок

В заголовке содержится тема эссе, поэтому он обычно называет явление, которое нужно будет в нём рассмотреть. Нередко по заголовку видно, что от пишущего ожидается именно эссе «за и против», – например, используются выражения «the pros and cons of», «advantages and disadvantages of» («положительные и отрицательные стороны», «достоинства и недостатки»), как в темах «The Pros and Cons of Wearing a School Uniform» или «Advantages and Disadvantages of a Mandatory Retirement».

В других случаях заголовок оформлен в виде вопроса, на основе которого можно написать как эссе «за и против», так и эссе-мнение. Вам необходимо выяснить заранее, требуется ли от вас какой-то конкретный из этих двух видов эссе, или вы можете написать любое. Примерами таких заголовков могут служить «Should Sport Hunting be Banned?» или «Should Kids under the Age of 13 Have a Phone?»

Введение

Введение эссе «за и против» по английскому языку пишется точно так же, как и введение любого другого эссе. В нём вы называете явление, достоинства и недостатки которого будете рассматривать, и даёте немного информации о том, что оно собой представляет. Также во введении можно вкратце изложить план основной части.

Основная часть

В основной части эссе «за и против» вы должны расписать положительные и отрицательные стороны явления, которому посвящено эссе, и привести аргументы «за и против». Сделать это можно двумя способами.

Первый способ, наиболее распространённый – разделить «тело» эссе на две части. Одна из частей будет посвящена достоинствам явления, другая – его недостаткам. Каждая из частей в таком случае начинается с нового абзаца; их, в свою очередь, можно делить на ещё более мелкие абзацы, если того требует композиция эссе.

Второй способ – рассмотреть вопрос по нескольким аспектам и для каждого аспекта привести довод(ы) «за» и довод(ы) «против», поместив их друг рядом с другом в виде противопоставления. Этот способ хорош для тем, которые можно разбить на несколько более узких подтем. Например, если перед вами стоит задача проанализировать, можно ли использовать животных для развлечения, можно отдельно разобрать виды развлечений, в которых используются животные (фильмы с участием животных-актёров, содержание в зоопарках, цирковые выступления, конный спорт и т. д.), и привести аргументы по каждому из них. В таком случае, каждая новая подтема потребует нового абзаца.

Заключение

Заключение эссе «за и против» по английскому бывает двух типов, которые, впрочем, можно сочетать друг с другом:

1. В заключении первого типа вы взвешиваете приведённые доводы «за» и «против» и выносите вердикт, какие из них кажутся вам более вескими. Здесь вы можете выразить своё личное мнение, указав точку зрения по рассмотренному вопросу, которой придерживаетесь.
2. В заключении второго типа вы подводите итог, вкратце перечисляя ключевые аргументы, прозвучавшие в «теле» эссе. В таком случае вы не останавливаетесь ни на одной из позиций, оставляя вопрос открытым, и остаётесь беспристрастными до самого конца.

Помните, что заключения эссе «за и против» касается и всё то, что справедливо для заключения любого другого эссе. В частности, оно может сжато переформулировать то, что прозвучало выше, но не должно ничто из этого повторять дословно. Также заключение не должно вводить новые идеи и расширять или сужать тему, заданную изначально.

Советы по написанию эссе «за и против»

При написании эссе «за и против» должны соблюдаться те же правила, что и при написании любого другого эссе: нельзя использовать разговорную лексику и сокращённые формы слов и выражений; смысловые части следует связывать между собой с помощью устоявшихся фраз-клише (вот статья с полезными фразами), характерных для академического стиля; не стоит вводить информацию не по теме; не рекомендуется излагать свои мысли чересчур эмоционально и безапелляционно.

По поводу того, стоит ли использовать в эссе риторические вопросы, единого мнения нет. По последним данным, они крайне не приветствуются в эссе, являющемся частью ЕГЭ по английскому языку. В других случаях вводить их можно, но на свой страх и риск, и если есть возможность избежать их или преобразовать в косвенный вопрос – лучше сделать это.

Не следует употреблять также слова и выражения, обозначающие личное мнение («I guess», «I believe», «I feel», «In my opinion», etc.), нигде, кроме заключения, – даже если вы не собираетесь выражать через них свою позицию по вопросу.

Некоторые рекомендуют включать в эссе цитаты известных людей, высказавшихся по вопросу в положительном или отрицательном ключе. Такие цитаты могут служить отличным дополнением к доводам «за» и «против» или иллюстрировать один из них. Однако, это не всегда уместно. Привести одну-две цитаты можно, если вы пишете объёмное эссе в рамках задания по английскому языку, но не стоит это делать на экзамене. Без опоры на текст вы можете исказить цитату; к тому же, приведённая цитата оставит меньше места для объективных аргументов.

Есть советы, которые имеют для эссе «за и против» по английскому особую актуальность. Например, такое эссе больше других выигрывает от включения в текст статистических данных и результатов исследований; поэтому, если у вас есть возможность подготовиться к теме и изучить вопрос, – обязательно сделайте это. В поисках информации нужно опираться на достоверные источники. Это поможет вам не только написать отличное эссе, но и составить информированное мнение по рассматриваемому вопросу.

Также в процессе изучения темы вы ознакомитесь с множеством разнообразных точек зрения и можете получить представление о доводах, с помощью которых люди их обосновывают. Если вы приведёте сходные доводы в эссе, это сделает его всесторонним и сбалансированным.

Помимо этого, эссе «за и против» пойдёт на пользу, если перед его написанием вы уделите несколько минут тому, чтобы на черновике вкратце перечислить аргументы, которые вы собираетесь использовать, и структурно их организовать. Из-за того, что аргументам каждого типа в композиции такого эссе отведено строго определённое место, у вас не получится добавить новый довод «за», если вы уже начали излагать доводы «против».

Пример эссе «за и против» на английском языке →

Здесь собраны темы для эссе по английскому языку для ЕГЭ (задание 40 письменной части) представленные на сайте ФИПИ.

Communication & Personality

Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.

ЕГЭ Темы для эссе

Some people think that you can have only one true friend.

ЕГЭ Темы для эссе

Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.

ЕГЭ Темы эссе

Education

Distance learning is the best form of education.

A pupil cannot study effectively without a computer.

Exams motivate students to study harder.

Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad.

Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money.

Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear.

Environment

It is the government’s responsibility to protect the environment.

Family & Children

It’s not right to be strict with little children.

Fashion

Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Food & Diets

Fast food outlets should be closed.

Housing

There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.

Leisure

The best time is that spent with family and friends.

Every city and every town should have a zoo.

Sport

Sport unites people.

Playing sports is better than watching others do it.

Sports help people to fight stress.

Technology

The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.

Internet is the greatest time-waster.

Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.

Traditions & Customs

The best holidays and festivals are those with specific traditions for celebrating.

Work

There are no men’s or women’s professions.

Все темы по английскому языку на ЕГЭ/ОГЭ 2022

В экзамене ЕГЭ и ОГЭ по английскому языку есть задание №40, которое вызывает ужас и трепет многих учащихся. Здесь нужно написать эссе на предложенную тему. 

О сложностях написания обычного эссе сказано многое на нашем телеграм-канале. Тут задача усложнена еще и тем, что нужно выполнить сочинение на английском языке – без стилистических и грамматических ошибок. Хорошо хоть, что есть скидки порядочным студентам, которыми они могут воспользоваться при подготовке других работ!

Давайте поговорим о том, какие темы могут ждать выпускников школ на ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по английскому языку в этом году.

Список примерных тем эссе/сочинений по английскому языку на ЕГЭ/ОГЭ в 2022 году (согласно ФИПИ)

Everyday life. Shopping. Household chores

• Shopping is interesting and enjoyable;
• Shopping malls have advantages over small shops;
• Our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods;
• Online shopping will replace traditional shopping in the future;
• Clothes help people show who they really are;
• It is logical to share the housework evenly between men and women;
• Children should help their parents about the house;
• Many people regard shopping as a hobby;
• It is important to look nice and follow fashion;
• Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Life in the city and in the country

• There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city;
• There are a lot of benefits of living in the country;
• Some people think that cities are the best places to live;
• It is better for children to grow up in the city;
• It is important to protect the countryside and not build factories there;
• Some people think that city life is harder.

Family problems. Friends. Problems of young people

• Some people think that you can have only one true friend;
• It’s not right to be strict with little children;
• The best time is that spent with family and friends;
• Show me your room and I will tell you who you are;
• Friendship is the greatest gift of life;
• Having friends is important for everyone;
• Love makes a person happy;
• Only those who have much in common can become friends;
• Grandparents should take an active part in their grandchildren’s upbringing;
• Adult children should not live with their parents.

Travelling and sightseeing

• Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it;
• One should read about historical sites before sightseeing;
• Tourism ruins everything that it touches;
• Hitchhiking is the best way to travel;
• School trips are beneficial for students;
• Cars have improved our lives in a number of ways;
• Travelling to exotic countries is an exciting experience;
• The best way to travel is by plane;
• The best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot;
• The best way to travel is by train.

Учтите, что с 2020-го года нельзя писать на обратной стороне листа. Если сочинение вышло больше 1 страницы, обязательно попросите еще бумагу у организатора ЕГЭ/ОГЭ. В противном случае работу могут не принять или засчитать не выполненной.

Science and technology

• Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills;
• Internet is the greatest time-waster;
• Computers cannot replace people;
• Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century;
• The Internet is the biggest evil of our time;
• Robots will soon replace people in all jobs;
• Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world;
• It is easy to live without the Internet;
• With the Internet we no longer need TV;
• Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.

Jobs. Career. Future profession

• Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession;
• In any occupation discipline is more important than talent;
• There are no men’s or women’s professions;

Темы эссе для ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Подробный список

Дорогие друзья!

Важным залогом успеха при подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку является умение писать по-английски на разные темы, при этом соблюдая грамматические и пунктуационные правила. Раздел «Письмо» состоит из двух заданий: личное письмо и эссе.

Особенную трудность вызывает написание эссе, поскольку для того, чтобы успешно справиться с задачей, необходимо владеть набором знаний, умений и навыков.

Во-первых, необходимо свободно оперировать значительным объемом общеязыкового и тематического словаря.

Во-вторых, необходимо обладать большим объемом дополнительной, так называемой «фоновой информации»» из общего кругозора по истории, экономики, географии и культуре. Это необходимо для того, чтобы формулировать грамотные аргументы в пользу своего мнения.

В-третьих, нужно быть хорошо знакомым со структурой эссе, важнейшей составной частью которой является выстраивание аргументации, смотрите в нашей статье про аргументацию и уметь изложить свою точку зрения на проблемные вопросы в рамках тематики заданной на экзамене. Предварительно, до экзамена необходимо ознакомиться с кругом тем, которые так или иначе могут встретиться на экзамене, возможно в перефразированном виде, однако очень похожи.

В-четвертых, необходимо знание языкового оформления структуры эссе – фраз, вводящих логические части эссе, союзов, выражающих различные логические и смысловые отношения между мыслями. Помните, что очень важно уметь грамотно оформить свои мысли с точки зрения грамматики, правописания и пунктуации.

Список тем эссе для подготовки к ЕГЭ по-английскому

Вашему вниманию представлен примерный список тем, которые из года в год встречаются в заданиях ЕГЭ в разделе «Письмо», в части эссе. Темы могут быть перефразированы, но суть остается, поэтому настоятельно рекомендую потренироваться с репетитором и написать эссе на все эти темы, тщательно продумывая аргументацию.

Список тем составлен на основе учебников для подготовки к ЕГЭ и на личном опыте ????

Скачать список тем эссе по английскому языку

1. Smoking should be prohibited.
2. Travelling abroad helps to understand your own country.
3. The growth of cities is harmful to the environment.
4. Technical progress is harmful for the humanity.
5. The most important thing in life is health.
6. The most important thing in life is love.
7. Social media interaction is important for modern teenagers.
8. The most important thing in life is family.
9. The most important thing in life is work.
10. School classmates make the best friends.
11. It’s easier to make friends that to keep them.
12. The circus is the best entertainment for children.
13. Childhood is the safest period of human life.
14. High school students should only study the subjects they choose.
15. Some people think that Russian is easier to learn than English.
16. It’s better to read a book rather than watch its screen version.
17. Following the fashion trends is waste of time and money.
18. Music is something that distracts people from their daily routine.
19. In the digital age museums are still important.
20. A teacher should always be strict.
21. Organized travel is not as interesting as independent travel.
22. Playing sports helps to reduce stress.
23. Having a computer at home will help children to get a better education.
24. Cars should be banned from the city centers.
25. Cars are important modern type of transport.
26. To be rich means to be successful.
27. Future will bring only positive impact on the world.
28. Appearance is the most important thing for a modern teenager.
29. All school subjects should be equally important for a pupil.
30. Genetically modified products are not harmful for the health of people.
31. Cities provide people with more advantages than villages.
32. Graffiti should be considered as an act of vandalism.
33. Taking a gap year after school is necessary step for every teenager.
34. Choosing future profession is a difficult task for every school-leaver.
35. Diets are important to stay fit and healthy.
36. Healthy eating is an important part of everyday life.
37. Having only one language of communication on our planet is a wise decision.
38. Zoos should be prohibited.
39. Zoos help most animals to survive.
40. Studying a foreign language abroad is important for everyone.
41. Knowing one foreign language isn’t enough.
42. The Internet is the most useful invention in the world.
43. Human cloning experiments should be prohibited.
44. The Internet will be the main source of studying in the future.
45. Computer games are one of the best ways to spend free time.
46. Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.
47. Space travelling should be available for everyone in the future.
48. Mobile phones are one of the most convenient ways of communication.
49. Modern teenagers are criticized for no reason.
50. Young generation lives better that people lived in the past.
51. Soap operas are not interesting and take too much time.
52. Violence on TV should be prohibited.
53. To be rich means to be happy.
54. Distant learning will become the only type of education in the future.
55. Online education is very important nowadays.
56. Home schooling is very convenient way of studying.
57. Government should be responsible for people’s health.
58. Holidays are important for every culture.
59. Modern life is impossible without travelling.
60. Travelling broadens one’s outlook.
61. One should choose a future profession according to personal interests and talents.
62. Parents should allow teenagers to work part-time.
63. Work from home is better that the work in an office.
64. Reality show is one of the best TV shows.
65. Digital literacy is an important part of modern life.

Порядок подсчета слов в заданиях раздела «Письмо»

При оценивании заданий раздела «Письмо» следует учитывать такой параметр как объем письменного текста, выраженный в количестве слов. Требуемый объем для личного письма в задании 40, то есть в эссе – 200-250 слов. Допустимое отклонение от заданного объема составляет 10 %.

Если в выполненном задании 40 менее 180 слов, то задание проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. Ведь, действительно, первое, что делают преподаватели – считают количество слов в выполненной работе.

При превышении объема более чем на 10%, то есть если в задании 40 будет более 275 слов, проверке подлежит та часть работы, которая соответствует требуемому объему. Таким образом, при проверке

задания 40 отсчитывается 250 слов, и оценивается только эта часть работы.

При определении объема работы этим требованиям считаются все слова, с первого слова по последнее, включая вспомогательные глаголы, предлоги, артикли и частицы. При этом следует знать, что сокращенные формы didn’t, doesn’t, I’m и прочие будут считаться одним словом.

Также, все числительные, выраженные цифрами считаются одним словом. А числительные выраженные словами считаются как слова. Все сложные слова, такие как good-looking, English-speaking, twenty-five считаются как слова.

Различные сокращения и аббревиатуры USA, e-mail, TV, считаются как одно слово.

Самый главный совет: читайте и пишите по-английски каждый день хотя бы чуть-чуть.

Удачи в подготовке к написанию эссе на ЕГЭ по английскому языку!

Темы для эссе ???? по английскому языку для ЕГЭ

Список примерных тем для ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Everyday life. Shopping. Household chores

1. Shopping is interesting and enjoyable.
2. Shopping malls have advantages over small shops.
3. Our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods.
4. Online shopping will replace traditional shopping in the future.
5. Clothes help people show who they really are.
6. It is logical to share the housework evenly between men and women.
7. Children should help their parents about the house.
8. Many people regard shopping as a hobby.
9. It is important to look nice and follow fashion.
10. Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Life in the city and in the country

1. There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.
2. There are a lot of benefits of living in the country.
3. Some people think that cities are the best places to live.
4. It is better for children to grow up in the city.
5. It is important to protect the countryside and not build factories there.
6. Some people think that city life is harder.

Family problems. Friends. Problems of young people

1. Some people think that you can have only one true friend.
2. It’s not right to be strict with little children.
3. The best time is that spent with family and friends.
4. Show me your room and I will tell you who you are.
5. Friendship is the greatest gift of life.
6. Having friends is important for everyone.
7. Love makes a person happy.
8. Only those who have much in common can become friends.
9. Grandparents should take an active part in their grandchildren’s upbringing.
10. Adult children should not live with their parents.

Travelling and sightseeing

1. Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it.
2. One should read about historical sites before sightseeing.
3. Tourism ruins everything that it touches.
4. Hitchhiking is the best way to travel.
5. School trips are beneficial for students.
6. Cars have improved our lives in a number of ways.
7. Travelling to exotic countries is an exciting experience.
8. The best way to travel is by plane.
9. The best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot.
10. The best way to travel is by train.

Science and technology

1. Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.
2. Internet is the greatest time-waster.
3. Computers cannot replace people.
4. Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
5. The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.
6. Robots will soon replace people in all jobs.
7. Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.
8. It is easy to live without the Internet.
9. With the Internet we no longer need TV.
10. Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.

Jobs. Career. Future profession

1. Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession.
2. In any occupation discipline is more important than talent.
3. There are no men’s or women’s professions.

Примерные темы эссе, по английскому, компьютерная версия TOEFL, темы эссе по английскому языку

• ПРИМЕРНЫЕ ТЕМЫ ЭССЕ  В КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ВЕРСИИ TOEFL .
• Topics in the following list may appear in your actual
• test. You should become familiar with this list before
• you take the computer-based TOEFL test. Remember
• that when you take the test you will not have a choice
• of topics. You must write only on the topic that is
• assigned to you.
• People attend college or university for many different reasons (for
• example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).
• Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific
• reasons and examples to support your answer.
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are
• the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support
• your answer.
• Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved
• the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
• answer.
• It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in
• books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience
• with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source

is more important? Why?

A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near

your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new

influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory?

1. Explain your position.
2. If you could change one important thing about your hometown,
3. what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to
4. support your answer.
5. How do movies or television influence people’s behavior? Use reasons
6. and specific examples to support your answer.
7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television
8. has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use
9. specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
10. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big

city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and

• details to support your answer.
• “When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has
• nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the
• quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your
• position.
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities
• should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities
• as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and
• examples to support your opinion.
• Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why
• do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and
• examples to support your answer.
• Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people

prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use

1. specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
2. Some people believe that university students should be required to
3. attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be

optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use

• specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
• Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the
• qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your
• answer.
• It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built

in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why?

Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a

teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do

you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.

1. What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use
2. specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are
3. important.
4. Should governments spend more money on improving roads and
5. highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public

transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and

details to develop your essay.

It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big

city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to

develop your essay.

In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this

phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

• We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of
• people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of
• a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and
• specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.
• In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do
• you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific
• reasons and details.
• A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What

Разбор задания №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Сороковое задание ЕГЭ по английскому языку представляет собой написание эссе по предложенной проблеме объемом от 200 до 250 слов, включая служебные части речи.

За это можно максимально получить 14 баллов – это задание является самым «высокоценным» из всего экзамена.

Важно помнить, что сочинение пишется в нейтральном «формальном» стиле – то есть в нем недопустимы сокращения: нужно писать не I’m, а I am, не That’s, а That is.

Теория к заданию №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Давайте рассмотрим критерии оценки задания:

К1 – «решение коммуникативной задачи». Под этой формулировкой подразумевается верный отбор материала, соответствие написанного теме, использование нужного типа речи. Если в сочинении отражены все указанные в задании моменты и соблюдается нужный стиль речи – можно получить 3 балла.

При наличии некоторых нарушений стиля речи и неполном раскрытии аспектов задания присуждают 2 балла, а при частых речевых ошибках и отражении не всех аспектов – 1.

Если же содержание работы не связано с указанными в тексте задания аспектами, или же написано меньше 200 слов, или более 30% сочинения совпадает с иными работами или опубликованным источником, ученик получает по этому критерию 0 баллов. Если за критерий К1 стоит 0 баллов, работа в дальнейшем не проверяется.

К2 – «организация текста». При проверке сочинения по этому критерию эксперт обращает внимание на связность текста, верное применение союзов, вводных слов, деления на абзацы.

В случае, если выпускник в своем сочинении соблюдает структуру предложенного в задании плана, правильно разделяет текст на абзацы и использует средства логической связи – он получает 3 балла. При наличии некоторых отклонений от плана и недочетов в логической связи и абзацном членении – 2.

Если же присутствуют значительные отклонения от плана, ошибки в использовании средств логической связи довольно многочисленны, и текст не разделен на абзацы – 1. Если план не соблюдается совсем и логика в работе отсутствует – 0 баллов.

В сочинении по английскому обязательно использовать вводные слова:

При постановке проблемы, например:

• Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned about
• There are those who say that
• Some people are convinced that
• Lots of people believe that
• Today it is generally agreed that

Для выражения собственного мнения, например:

• In my opinion
• I think that
• As far as I am concerned
• My personal view is that

В основной части работы, например:

• For example/ for instance
• To begin with
• On the one hand/on the other hand
• Moreover
• Besides
• Furthermore
• Nevertheless
• Firstly/Secondly

В заключении, например:

• In conclusion, I want to say once more that
• In summary, I believe that
• In conclusion, it should be noted that although
• All in all, I strongly believe that

К3 – «лексика». Проверяется правильность выбора слов и употребления их в контексте, объем словарного запаса. 3 балла дают при использовании разнообразной лексики без значительных нарушений ее применения.

2 балла можно получить, если допустить 2-3 неточности в употреблении слов. При ограниченном словарном запасе и часто встречающихся ошибках не стоит рассчитывать больше чем на 1 балл.

0 баллов ставят тем выпускникам, словарный запас которых крайне ограничен.

К4 – «грамматика». Здесь эксперты проверяют правильность выбора грамматических конструкций в соответствии с целью высказывания, а также их сложность.

При наличии 1-2 негрубых грамматических ошибок или их полном отсутствии ставят 3 балла. Если допущено 3-4 ошибки, которые не затрудняют понимание текста – 2.

В том случае, если допущено 5-6 небольших ошибок, либо несколько грубых – дают 1 балл. Если ошибки сильно мешают пониманию текста – 0.

К5 – «орфография и пунктуация». Если ошибок в орфографии нет, и текст верно разделен на предложения, грамотно оформленные пунктуационно – присуждают 2 балла. 1 балл можно получить при наличии не более 4 орфографических и/или пунктуационных ошибок. Если правила орфографии и пунктуации не соблюдаются, поставят 0 баллов.

Разбор типового варианта задания №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Comment on the following statement: Many people enjoy watching television. However, some people believe it can be harmful. What is your opinion? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

• make an introduction (state the problem)
• express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
• express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
• explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
• make a conclusion restating your position

Пример хорошего сочинения (пояснения ниже ???? )

Nowadays lots of people prefer spending their free time in front of a TV-screen. They say that this activity is interesting and enjoyable. But others think that watching television might damage people’s health.

From my point of view, choosing watching television as a main way of time-spending can be harmful. Firstly, our eyesight suffers from looking at the screen for a long time. Secondly, it is also not very good for our body at all to sit all day in the office and then come home in the evening and again sit in front of the TV. People need to move to be healthy.

However, some people claim that this hobby not only helps them relax after working days, but also gives them an opportunity to know a lot of new information from the educational TV-programs.

I am afraid I can not agree with their opinion. I think that television is not the only possible way of getting new knowledge and definitely not the best one. You can know about some interesting things from reading as well. I think it is better because you can read not only at home but also somewhere in the open air and it is much better for your health.

In conclusion, I want to stress once again that it is not good for people to watch TV a lot. Although it is very interesting for some people, there are lots of other good leisure activities.

В нашем сочинении получилось 241 слово. Мы делим его на абзацы согласно плану – их пять, ровно как и пунктов плана; это самый удобный способ абзацного членения сочинения. В каждом абзаце встречаются вводные слова.

На экзамене важно сосредоточиться на предложенной проблеме – в отличие от некоторых других дисциплин, ЕГЭ по английскому не предусматривает выбор темы для сочинения. Можно набросать на листочке примерные варианты аргументов за и против.

Конечно, нужно готовиться к сочинению заранее – искать темы в экзаменационных вариантах и тренироваться писать, подбирая различные аргументы для обеих точек зрения – хоть темы довольно приближены к жизни, иногда придумать и сформулировать их бывает трудно.

Заблаговременная подготовка поможет не только набить руку, но и выработать свой стиль и некий план работы, что значительно облегчит процесс ее написания на экзамене.

Эссе «за и против» по английскому. Структура, советы по написанию

Существует несколько разновидностей эссе, которые пишутся в рамках заданий или экзаменов по английскому языку. Все они имеют общие особенности, которые мы уже подробно рассмотрели в статье «Как писать эссе по английскому. Виды эссе«. В этой статье я расскажу вам о специфике эссе «за и против» по английскому языку (For and Against Essay).

Ниже вы найдёте всё необходимое, чтобы правильно написать эссе «за и против» на английском языке. Мы рассмотрим, что представляет собой эссе «за и против», разберём его характерные черты и структуру, а также я дам несколько советов по написанию эссе. А в этой статье вы найдёте пример эссе за и против на английском языке.

[toc]

Что такое эссе «за и против» (For and Against Essay)?

Эссе «за и против» по английскому

  Балет Дон Кихот: краткое содержание, отзывы

– один из наиболее распространённых типов эссе, и он же является одним из самых сложных.

В таком эссе вы должны будете рассмотреть некоторое явление окружающего мира и проанализировать его положительные и отрицательные стороны. Особую сложность представляет то, что вы должны быть объективны в рассмотрении вопроса.

И аргументы «за», и аргументы «против» в таком эссе должны быть примерно равноценны, и их должно быть равное или, по крайней мере, сопоставимое количество.

Ваше личное отношение к вопросу вы можете высказать только в заключении, и желательно, чтобы оно не просматривалось в основной части эссе.

Важно также включать и те аргументы, которые вы сами не считаете вескими или верными, но считают таковыми другие люди. В таком случае, вы можете их оспорить, но делать это необходимо, приводя объективные доводы или данные.

Напрямую выражать своё несогласие не стоит – для этого есть эссе-мнение (Opinion Essay).

Структура эссе «за и против» по английскому

Эссе «за и против»

пишется по тому жеплану , что и остальные эссе, и состоит из заголовка, введения, основной части и заключения. Основное отличие эссе такого рода от всех прочих – в основной части или «теле» эссе, которое может быть двух видов. Ниже мы рассмотрим, каковы особенности каждого элемента структуры эссе «за и против».

Заголовок

В заголовке содержится тема эссе, поэтому он обычно называет явление, которое нужно будет в нём рассмотреть.

Нередко по заголовку видно, что от пишущего ожидается именно эссе «за и против», – например, используются выражения «the pros and cons of», «advantages and disadvantages of» («положительные и отрицательные стороны», «достоинства и недостатки»), как в темах «The Pros and Cons of Wearing a School Uniform» или «Advantages and Disadvantages of a Mandatory Retirement».

В других случаях заголовок оформлен в виде вопроса, на основе которого можно написать как эссе «за и против», так и эссе-мнение. Вам необходимо выяснить заранее, требуется ли от вас какой-то конкретный из этих двух видов эссе, или вы можете написать любое. Примерами таких заголовков могут служить «Should Sport Hunting be Banned?» или «Should Kids under the Age of 13 Have a Phone?»

Введение

Введение эссе «за и против» по английскому языку пишется точно так же, как и введение любого другого эссе. В нём вы называете явление, достоинства и недостатки которого будете рассматривать, и даёте немного информации о том, что оно собой представляет. Также во введении можно вкратце изложить план основной части.

Основная часть

В основной части эссе «за и против» вы должны расписать положительные и отрицательные стороны явления, которому посвящено эссе, и привести аргументы «за и против». Сделать это можно двумя способами.

Первый способ, наиболее распространённый – разделить «тело» эссе на две части. Одна из частей будет посвящена достоинствам явления, другая – его недостаткам. Каждая из частей в таком случае начинается с нового абзаца; их, в свою очередь, можно делить на ещё более мелкие абзацы, если того требует композиция эссе.

Второй способ – рассмотреть вопрос по нескольким аспектам и для каждого аспекта привести довод(ы) «за» и довод(ы) «против», поместив их друг рядом с другом в виде противопоставления. Этот способ хорош для тем, которые можно разбить на несколько более узких подтем.

Например, если перед вами стоит задача проанализировать, можно ли использовать животных для развлечения, можно отдельно разобрать виды развлечений, в которых используются животные (фильмы с участием животных-актёров, содержание в зоопарках, цирковые выступления, конный спорт и т. д.), и привести аргументы по каждому из них.

В таком случае, каждая новая подтема потребует нового абзаца.

Заключение

Заключение эссе «за и против» по английскому бывает двух типов, которые, впрочем, можно сочетать друг с другом:

1. В заключении первого типа вы взвешиваете приведённые доводы «за» и «против» и выносите вердикт, какие из них кажутся вам более вескими. Здесь вы можете выразить своё личное мнение, указав точку зрения по рассмотренному вопросу, которой придерживаетесь.
2. В заключении второго типа вы подводите итог, вкратце перечисляя ключевые аргументы, прозвучавшие в «теле» эссе. В таком случае вы не останавливаетесь ни на одной из позиций, оставляя вопрос открытым, и остаётесь беспристрастными до самого конца.

Помните, что заключения эссе «за и против» касается и всё то, что справедливо для заключения любого другого эссе. В частности, оно может сжато переформулировать то, что прозвучало выше, но не должно ничто из этого повторять дословно. Также заключение не должно вводить новые идеи и расширять или сужать тему, заданную изначально.

Sample еssay — ЕГЭ (Intermediate)

• Some parent think that having a computer at home means that children waste their time on social networking and playing computer games .
• I agree
• with this statement.

  Человек и природа в цикле «Записки охотника Тургенева

Firstly

, children can’tcontrol the time they spend in front of the computer. Besides that. parents often can’t control how much time their children spend in front of the computer because they are at work while their children play computer games. As for me, I am 16 years old and I am not a child. But sometimes I myself spend too much time surfing the net and playing computer games.

1. Secondly,
2. bad influence
3. don’t go out
4. real relationship

Цель урока:

Комплексное развитие навыков, необходимых для написания сочинения в формате ЕГЭ

Задачи урока:

• Образовательные:  развитие лексических навыков, совершенствование монологической и диалогической речи учащихся,  использование новых выражений по теме.
• Познавательные: развитие коммуникативной компетенции в рамках обсуждаемой темы.
• Развивающие: развитие навыков рефлексивного, логического и творческого мышления, навыков работы в группе.
• Воспитательные: воспитание умения внимательно слушать и слышать, уважать другое мнение, поддерживать других и быть к ним благожелательным.

Ход урока:

Урок осуществляется в форме обучающей игры в рамках групповой работы учащихся. Урок, в соответствии с разработанной программой по подготовке к ЕГЭ, является зачетом по теме «Коммуникации в современном мире». Тема, которую озвучивает в начале урока преподаватель – «Социальные сети: «за» и «против». Класс делится на две группы, одна из которых отстаивает точку зрения «за», а другая – «против». Каждый из членов группы по очереди развивает отстаиваемый тезис,  предлагая свои аргументы или контраргументы. Игра состоит из нескольких раундов по схеме «аргумент-контраргумент», при этом в каждом раунде группы меняются ролями.  При этом перед учащимися ставится  задача никоим образом не дублировать предыдущих ораторов как в части логической аргументации,  так и в части используемой лексики. Последний участник раунда со стороны каждой группы  резюмирует аргументацию в защиту общего тезиса с использованием наиболее удачных логических и лексических конструкций предыдущих участников, завершая эту часть развернутым высказыванием (как это происходит при изложении аргумента в сочинении). Победившей признается команда, представившая наибольшее количество развернутых аргументов и контраргументов в защиту своего тезиса.

“Social networks: pro and cons”

Round 1. Group 1 (the 1-st argument “for”)

Student 1:  The main argument in favour of using social networks is that it enables to keep up with the latest news in all areas of our life.

Student 2:   Users of social networks inform others about everything happening to them.

Student 3:  Moreover,  they do it in real time and in most cases even earlier than mass media.

Student 4:  I can also add that they may not only tell news to other people but take photos or  videos and publish them  immediately so that people form their own opinion.

Student 5:  To summarize, the first argument in favour of using social networks is that their users are able to keep up with the latest news due to the availability of information sent in real time from the scenes of events. Social media readers may receive this information even earlier that from other sources of information and in a more presented way.

Group 2 (counterargument)

Student 1:   However, this news often turns out to be a fake.

Student 2:  Some bloggers may be so incompetent that they may not realise what is happening around them.

Student 3: They may also give false interpretations of what they have seen deliberately in order to become famous as sensation makers.

Student 4:  So the news may turn out to be a fake due to the fact that bloggers may be  incompetent to understand what they have seen or deceive people giving false interpretations of events deliberately in order to increase their popularity and attract people’s attention  for the sake of fame.   

Round 2 Group 2 (the 1-st argument “against”)

Student 1:    Our argument against social media is that people tend to become addicted to them.

Student 2:    It is evident that people find communication via the Internet so exciting that they may forget about their social responsibilities and family duties.

Student 3:    They get used to spending too much time in social media instead of  living a real life.

Student 4:   I would also say that in some cases being cut off from this means of communication people may feel frustrated or even depressed.

Student 5:    To sum up, our argument against social media is that people tend to get addiction to interacting through the Internet.   This addiction may be revealed in neglecting their everyday duties and responsibilities. In some cases of strong addiction people cutting off from this means of communication may even feel frustration or deprivation.

Group 1 (counterargument)

Student 1:    We share the point of view that this addiction is much better than any others.

Student 2:   It is true that nowadays teenagers, for example, are exposed to so many negative aspects of our life such as drugs, alcohol, smoking, gambling and even violence that it is much better to live a virtual life than a real one and it may be seen as a way to sublimate aggressiveness and even inclination to violence.

Student 3:   Moreover, using social networks may be seen as a way to help to resist temptations and avoid bad habits as people often get bad habits to combat boredom while communication in social networks is an exciting way out.

Student 4:    We would argue that this addiction is much better than other ones. It is common knowledge that nowadays people are exposed to a lot of negative aspects of our life so in order  to combat boredom people may be involved in using drugs, drinking alcohol, gambling or committing crimes. That’s why interaction in social networks may be seen as a good way of spending their leisure time which may help to resist temptations and avoid bad habits.

Round 3  Group 1 (the 2-nd argument “for”)

Student 1:  Our next argument in support of social media is that thanks to them people have an  access to different forms of  entertainment.

Student 2:    People can download films, music, pictures, books and audio-books including the most up-to-date ones from social networks.

Student 3:    What is more, people can share what is “a must” to watch, listen or read and these recommendations may be really helpful because they are made by people who share your interests.

Student 4:    Users may then express their opinions and exchange ideas on what they have read or watched and get better understanding of the matters.

Student 5:    It is necessary to mention that most of these forms of entertainment are not only interesting but also free of charge.

Student 6:   To summarize, social media have become a common source of entertainment as they enable to download films, music, books or videos which are recommended by people sharing their interests. People can also express their opinions and exchange ideas, which makes this form of entertainment even more exciting. 

Group 2 (counterargument)

Student 1:  Most publications of these materials are pirate and illegal especially if they are free of charge.

Student 2:   As long as the legislation improves people involved in these activities may be sentenced even to imprisonment.

Student 3:   To make matters worse, young people from their childhood get used to disobeying  the law which is immoral.

Student 4:  .Morals that are typical of social media encourage people to use illegal content which may lead to negative consequences including such forms of punishments as fines and imprisonment. It may also affect people’s  lives in a negative way as people get used to breaking the law.

Round 4  Group 2 (the 2-nd argument “against”)

Student 1:  Our last argument against using social media as a means of communication is that it may replace real communication and  reduce human interaction in general.

Student 2:   Communication in social networks has become a popular way of spending free time instead of communicating face-to-face.

Student 3:   Moreover, when you meet new people in the Internet, you don’t know anything about their personalities and  background so you may easily become a victim of some criminals.

Student 4:   Communication in social networks cannot replace real communication when you can see the shining smile and bright eyes of your friend.

Student 5:   Our last argument against using social media as a means of communication is that it may replace real communication and reduce human interaction in general which may make a negative impact on the way people communicate. It is undeniable that due to the latest advances in the field of information technology people are able to communicate without leaving their homes. As a result of these changes, communicating on-line has become a really popular way to keep in touch with people and people tend to spend more time looking at the screen instead of meeting friends in real life which may cause some negative consequences in personal development and the whole life in general.

Group 2 (counterargument)

Student 1:   On the contrary to the general belief that social media users spent too much time sitting in from of the screen which  reduces human interaction face-to-face we would argue that using social networks enables people to save a lot of time and increase communication.

Student 2:  Social media is a more advanced means of information which integrates  the other ones so it  enables people  to save their time as instead of using  various channels of communication people can  use the only one.

Student 3:   It is certainly true that in our rapidly developing society people have no time to communicate face-to-face. They are so busy with work, children and everyday problems that using social media often becomes the only way to keep in touch with their friends and relatives. It takes less time than meeting people in real life as there is no need to cover long distances.

Student 4:   Using social media is a perfect way to meet new people, who share your interests and hobbies thus increasing the number of people you are acquainted with.

Student 5:    It goes without saying, that it is a perfect if not the only way to communicate for the disabled people. It is their chance to survive in the  loneliness of their existence.

Student 6:   On the contrary to the general belief that social media users spend too much time sitting in from of the screen which reduces human interaction face-to-face we would argue that using social networks enables people to save a lot of time and increase communication as people don’t have to spend time on getting to the place to meet their friends and they may increase communication  for the reason that they find new friends in social networks to share their interests with. The disabled benefit greatly from using this way of communication since for them it may be the only way to keep in touch with people.

Studying History

Nowadays some people say that the study of history is largely a

waste of time as it prevents us from challenges of current life.

ESSAY: | —

Should we study history or should not? Some people consider the

study of history is a sheer waste of time, while others totally disagree

with that.

In my view, learning history is far preferable to not learning. It offers a

wide range of benefits for us. To begin with, the process of history is

all about reasons and consequences. Studying this structure makes

us think logically. It is an important skill for life in general. What is

more, the study of history broadens our minds. By studying history

we will encounter customs, traditions, household of the people of all

walks of life in any century, we will get acquainted with political

systems too. Furthermore, the question of being well-educated is

partly based on your knowledge in history. One needs to know

history not to be considered as a fool, a simpleton.

However, there are people who oppose this opinion. They say that

since it is past, it does not matter at all. In their opinion, modern

society is too different from the previous one. Besides, they say the

speed of modern life is too fast to learn something about the past, the

history.

But what they forgot about is that some bases and rules exist for

ages. So they are not right at all.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that knowledge of history is a matter

of vital importance for all of us. Everybody should study the history.

ENV: Climate Change

Climate change is inevitable, it is not something we should panic

about.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays a problem of changing climatic conditions, in particular,

global warming, is a very actual issue. Some people believe that there

is no reason to worry and we cannot stop this process, others have

much against. So where is the truth?

In my opinion, every man should pay special attention to this serious

question. First of all, let me give an example, if climate on the Earth

changes, there will be mortality increase. Many diseases might be

caused by changing environmental state. Secondly, many kinds of

animals and plants will not acclimate to the new conditions and

therefore will also perish. It means that there will be reduced diversity

of terrestrial fauna. Finally, the majority of governments of different

countries will certainly have many difficulties, because they have to

work out a plan to solve economic, social and other problems, arising

from climate crisis.

However, there are a lot of people think that global changing

environmental conditions do not depend on humanity and we should

not care about it. In addition, most of them think that climate change is

so far from today.

I do not share this opinion as I am sure that human activities promote

global warming. For example, cars give off exhausts. Possibly,

people cannot stop climate change at all, but they should try to

mitigate effects of it for better life in future.

To sum up, I am strongly convinced, that changing climate is a very

big and serious trouble for humanity. It is necessary for all of people

to do everything possible to suspend the development of the problem.

Many people believe that the only way to lose weight is following

a special diet. However, doctors consider dieting harmful to our

health.

Nowadays, people are thinking about their health more and more. And

those people who is keeping fit are healthy. Some think that the best

way to improve their fit is the dieting. Others believe that a strict diet causes bad state of the health.In my opinion, dieting is a good way to lose weight. To begin with, following a diet helps to reduce the amount of food you eat, cut out snacks and desserts and consequently get rid obesity. Secondly, the diet may cut down on fat. Finally, you may plan quality of calories and

distribute food daily.On the other hand, there are those who think a strict diet may be dangerous. The lower the calories eaten per day , the harder it is to get the daily requirements of proteins and vitamins.Moreover,

excessive dieting causes muscle loss and this loss may be from your

heart with severe consequences. In addition, dieting lowers your

metabolic rate, so when you return to your normal food intake, you

will put on weight ever faster than before.In conclusion, i am strongly convinced that a well-balanced diet is the best way to keep fit. And it gives a body what it needs.

It’s reported that billions of dollars are spent on space

exploration projects every year. Some people believe that this

money should be used to solve problems on Earth.

Nowadays, people are trying to discover new stars, planets and

know more about the Galaxy. Lots of money are spent on it. Many

people think it is important to research space but others think that

mankind should spend more money on Earth’s issues.Let us consider some pros and cons of it. First and foremost, the result of space exploration can help us find out the origin of life on the

Earth. Moreover, having explored space, people will be able to learn

something new about outer-space’s life. One must admit that such

research have an influence on our life. For example, some research

are useful in medicine. They are helpful in drug and medical

technologies invention, which are used for treatment.On the other hand, there are a lot of problems on the Earth. Millions of people suffer from illnesses, poverty, starvetion. Day by day the level of water’s and air’s pollution increases. Doubtless, there is need in

money that helps us solve these disasters.In my opinion, solving of Earth’s problems depends on progress

which we can make thanks to space exploration.To sum up, people should not forget that there is the big Universe

whose mysteries ones can discover to make progress on the Earth.

Money vs Happiness

Money can/ cannot buy happiness.

ESSAY: | —

It is fairly safe to assert that money is an integral part of our life and

hardly anyone can survive without it. However, it is not always true

that a lump sum of money brings much joy to its owner. Although,

some people believe that being rich is a pure definition of happiness.

Personally, I am inclined to believe that a person has more important

values in their lives than money. Firstly, being healthy is already

enough to be happy. One can be filthy rich, but he is bound to feel

miserable if he is incurably sick. Secondly, a loyal family and

supportive friends are another important aspect of our life. Under no

circumstances is it possible to buy love and respect a family can offer

to its members.

Nevertheless, people who are prone to believe that money does bring

plenty of satisfaction name some exceptional opportunities wealthy

people have. Expensive houses and cars, the possibility to travel to

any distination in the world, quality education and health service are

among the most desirable things that can be obtain in exchange for

money.

Even though they may be partly right, it is important not to forget that

money is helpless when it comes to people’s relationships. Nobody

can be called a happy person if there is noone who sincerely love and

support them.

In conclusion, I maintain that money plays crucial role in making a

person feel secure and content. But few people would deny that only

good health and sincere relationship enable us to be totally satisfied

with our lives.

Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of

time and money.

essay: | —

In today/s world of fierce competition, it is important for young people

to get well-prepared for the challenges of the future. Thus learning

languages can be regarded as a step in the right direction. Many

people agree, apart from me.

In my opinion, learning foreign languages is not the waste time and

money. Firstly, this occupation promotes to development of

intelligence. One can speak in different languages with bigger

vocabulary. Studying of culture of other nations pushes the brain to

its fullest capacity. Secondly, it is undeniable that knowledge of

foreign languages assist in career advancement. It is a well-known

fact that employers make appreciation of persons, who own another

language. Finally, learning it lets you dream about wishful journey.

On the other hand, it takes dedicate from everyone. First of all, you

spend your on spare time and a lot of money, one has to occupy with

teacher or in language centers. Learning foreign languages is not for

self-taught. Moreover, if your profession is not connected with foreign

communication, you will not know it.

In spite of this. I believe, one is able to overcome all difficulties with

money or laziness if one want to give positive emotions, travel around

world without spending money on translator or to to obtain a good job.

It is not all pros of learning languages, which produce benefits for

successful life.

In conclusion, I would like to stress that learning foreign languages is

the best chance for increasing our personal advance. It takes time,

patience and money but I am sure, owning foreign languages

broadens your horizons.

Some people think that if there is a computer at home their

children will waste much of their time on video games and social

networking.

| —

In modern world a computer plays an significant role for a person.

More and more people use it for a variety of reasons. Some people

consider that the computer has negative effects on children who only

play computer games. But other believe that a child needs the

computer.

In my opinion, the computer is an extremely useful gadget for

children. Firstly, the computer helps pupils with the studying. They

can get necessary information and more knowledge. Secondly, when

the child has the computer and the access to the Internet, he can

converse with people around the world, even who are in another part

of the world. And it helps the child to develop his social skills.

On the other hand, there are those who assume that the using of a

computer is very useless, even harmful to children. Sometimes

teenagers fall under the computer addiction.

I disagree with this point, because this situation happens because of

paying no parents attention. Teenagers spend much time playing

video games because of being alone.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that the using of a computer is

necessary for the child in the information society. I hope that

computer will continue to act as the useful gadget and will not to

replace friends and relatives.

WATER: Bottled vs Tap

Bottled water should/ should not be banned by the government.

ESSAY: | —

Water is a natural product and indispensable substance for human.

Modern facilities have made it possible to have water in every

household and there is no scarcity of it. However, there are many

companies which offer their customers bottled water for a rather high

price.

In my opinion, there are many advantages of bottled water that their

existence is justifiable. Firstly, the quality of filtered bottled water is

said to be better in comparison with tap water. In addition, some

people may have some specific diseases which require consumption

of the water rich in minerals and vitamins. Consequently, tap water

cannot meet their demands and only special produced by certain

companies may help them alleviate their sufferings. Finally, bottles

are portable and it means that people can carry them and buy water

whenever they feel thirsty.

Nevertheless, some people assert that the difference between

packed water and tap water is subtle and distributing companies

capitalize on people’s unawareness. In addition, it is true that the

amount of non-degradable garbage increases dramatically due to

constant disposal of used plastic bottles. As a result, landfill sites are

expanding and deteriorating the environment.

Despite all these arguments, I still believe that people should have a

choice what kind of water to consume. Furthermore, this way people

may rest assured that they can buy it freely when they are outdoors.

In conclusion, it is the government’s responsibility to provide people

with free access to such a vital recourse as water. Banning packed

water would mean putting people in dependence of tap water and this

would inevitably threat to their health.

Books vs Film Versions

Some of my friends say there is nothing better than reading a

good book while others would rather watch its film version.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays more and more film versions of books are appearing on

the screen. While some people prefer screen version, whereas

others enjoy reading books.

In my opinion, reading a good book is more preferable than watching

its film version. Firstly, while reading the book, you better realize the

book plot and writer`s opinion. There are not someone`s remakes,

only you and your thoughts. You is becoming a co-author. Secondly,

you can feel implicated, imagine yourself instead of a main character.

Lastly, the value of books is developing social and communicative

skills and ameliorating vocabulary.

On the other hand, there are those who prefer watching movies. They

assume that it is convenient, because it takes less time than reading

books. Moreover, there are much special effects in films that bring

people attention.

I disagree with the point of view, because a film producer adapts film

version of a book remaking the book plot dramatically. Frequently the

films are designed for consumers, it is becoming not a work of art, but

commercial product.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that reading books is far

useful and enjoyable. It is a significant part of our life.

Some parents think that if there is a computer at home their

children will waste much of their time on videogames and social

networking.

ESSAY | —

Nowadays we can’t imagine our life without modern technologies,

especially without computers. Computers have influenced all areas of

our life and everyday activities of children have changed too. A lot of

parents consider that their children spend much more time on

videogames and communication throw the Internet than on their

studies.Is it really so? And what should parents do in order to correct

this situation?

I am convinced that computers are the best helpers for children. New

informational technologies allow them to self-educate, to study in

online schoolsand get any knowledge that they want. Today you can

«ask» search engines about everything, and the whole task will be in

choosing correct information. In addition, when there is a computer at

home, the child can communicate with peers fromm other countries,

thereby he or she will get real foreign language skills. Besides, The

Internet is cheaper than, for instance, buying plenty of books and

talking on the phone. Children can do a lot of useful useful activities

on the Internet, but parents will pay certain amount of money.

However, there are those who claim that the young generation spend

so much time in social networking that they forget about other values

of life.Scientists also affirm that the health risks for children are very

high. They especially concern about posture and eyesightof kids.

This may be partly true, but I reckon that everything depends on

person himself, so parents should bring up in their children computer

literacy and teach them how to sit and so on.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that the young generation should use

computer necessarily, because it is unavoidable in our postindustrial

society.

Space Exploration

Many people think that we should explore space and visit other

planets. However, some people say that space exploration is a

waste of time and money.

ESSAY: | —

In today’s world the question of space exploration attracts a lot of

public attention. Some people think that it is necessary to research

the galaxy. Others believe that people should not spend money and

time on exploring space.

In my opinion, nowadays it is utterly important to study space. To

start with, there is a lack of drinking water and natural resources,

because our planet is overcrowded, and population is increasing and

increasing every year. People face problem of shortage of food.

Secondly, scientist are trying to discover an extraterrestrial life. There

is a theory of people’s extraterrestrial origin in science. It may exist

aliens and UFO. Exploring space, people more learn about what

Earth is, how it runs. Moreover, space equipment improve people’s

life on Earth. For example, thanks to satellites men can communicate

each other around the world.

On the other hand, supporters of the opposite opinion prove that

studying the galaxy is useless and unreasonable to men. They say

that space exploration is expensive activity. States expend much

money on it, whereas it could be spent on developing social service.

Moreover, it is unsafe to fly in space. There is a chance of a crash of

a spaceship.

I disagree with this point of view, because modern technology lets

people to explore the galaxy safely. And if people rationally invest

money into space research, it will bring benefit generations to come.

In conclusion, i am strongly convinced that space exploration is not

only necessary scientific research, but wise investments into the

future of humanity as well.

Roads vs Public Transit

Some people think that governments should spend money on

improving roads and highways rather than on improving public

transport.

ESSAY: | —

There is no doubt that governments spend more and more money on

improving roads and highways nowadays. Nevertheless, some think

that improving public transport is much more important.

In my opinion, firstly governments should invest money in public

transport. First of all, buses, trains and subways are significant for

people who have no cars. They also should have a right to be

transported in comfort. Secondly, by improving roads people will use

cars more often and, as a result, degrade the environment. What is

more, with flexible public transport people will avoid traffic jams which

usually make people arrive late at their destinations.

However, some people believe that improving roads and highways is

a priority task for governments. They think that dangerous condition

of roads can lead to various car accidents as well as to traffic jams.

That is why it is necessary to solve problems caused by

unacceptable road conditions.

This may be partly true, but I am convinced that governments should

not forget that public transport in most of cities and towns is in bad

shape. Using public transport will encourage people to preserve the

environment. Besides, with well–organized public transport people will

have no need to use large parks which would allow more space for

gardens.

Summing up, I strongly believe that spending money on improving

public transport is beneficial and reasonable. Not does it make

people’s lives more comfortable, but also makes the environment

clean and friendly.

Living Independently

In European countries children after they are 18 are supposed to

live on their own.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays there are a lot of people who claim that young adults must

live apart from their family.

But it causes lots of controversies. And whether teens must leave

their home or not is a crucial question.

In my way of thinking, teenagers should live on their own and parents

must teach their children from this age to live independently. First of

all, if we do not do it do not move out from parents home, we cannot

solve problems in adults’ life. Moreover, living by oneself means

freedom of the chose. For example, you can do whatever you want

and whenever you want.

However, there are people who consider that it has a lot of

disadvantages. They think that living apart from family can have a

negative influence on teenagers’ behavior. They can start drinking,

smoking and so on.

It is true to a certain degree, but what the opponents fail to mention is

that usually young adults just have not enough money to do it.

To conclude, I strongly believe it will be better if teens are up to think

and prepare for adult’s life, because as an old saying goes: « as you

make your bad, so you lie on it».

Some people think that in the nearest future the majority of

people will live in cities and towns, not in the countryside.

Today people mostly live in cities, but there is also a considerable

number of human who prefer countryside to mega polis. So some

people think that soon the urban population will increase.

To my way of thinking, this appearance is understandable. Firstly, in

the cities salaries are higher. And it means that standards of living like

health care system, education etc are higher too. Secondly, they

have diverse selection of everything. For example, a great number of

ways of spending free time or holidays such as walking in parks,

visiting museums/theaters, going to the gym etc.

On the other hand, in countries you can be almost every day

outdoors and breathe fresh air, enjoy beauty of the nature. Absolutely,

it is all good for your health and helps to feel yourself free.

This may be partly true, but citizens can afford taking rest outdoor

too. They can go out of the cities sometimes.

To sum up, I am convinced that city life much more comfortable and

perspective. However, country life is suitable for those who like

wilderness or cannot stand to hassles.

Parents’ footsteps

Some people think that young people should follow in their

parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession.Nowadays many people think that the youth should follow in their parents’ footsteps in a career, but others totally disagree with this

point of view and I can understand them.In my opinion, teenagers should choose a profession themselves.

First of all, it lets them choose a profession, which they are interested

in. Secondly, they learn to respond to their own decisions and be independent from somebody. Finally, if they decide on their own, they

will never blame parents for a forced choice.On the other hand, many people argue that young people must hold a family business and save it for the future generation. Besides, they

claim that parents can transfer their professional experience to their

children. Moreover, if a person follows parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession parents will be happy to continue their family case.I do not consider these arguments really crucial because the most important thing is to be interested in your work. If people do not have motivation to do their works they will never be hard workers and will never be really happy.In conclusion, I totally sure that young people must choose their future job on their own, but they definitely should advise parents about

a choice.Mobile Phones

In some schools mobile phones are strictly prohibited. Pupils

can have them turned on only outside the school building. But

many parents worry not having an opportunity to control their

children at any moment they would like to.Nowadays, mobile phones are becoming more and more popular.

Most of students have their own mobile phones. But many parents

are dissatisfied with it.In my opinion, mobile phones are very useful, and using of mobiles at school should be allowed. First of all, pupils can use it to get important information from the Internet. For example, if you forgot to bring your lecture notes at school, you can easily find some information that you need in with the help of your mobile phone. Secondly, students can

play games or listen to music during the breaks. Finally, if something

good or bad happens, they can call their friends or parents.However, some schools do not permit to bring mobile phones to the school building, because pupils can cheat during an exam. What is more, they can chat or play games using their mobile phones at the

lessons.It might be true, but many parents want to always be in touch with their parents.In conclusion, it is true to say that mobile can be very useful thing if you use it properly. I do not think that mobile phones have to be banned at schools.

Some people think that e-learning using the Internet is a good

alternative to attending classes and lectures. However, others

don’t agree with this idea.

ESSAY

Due to advancements in technology nowadays we have a possibility

to choose between learning via the internet and attending schools.

However, while some people are sure that distance learning can

make the process of education more fruitful, others doubt that it is

reasonable to use the internet for educational purposes.

In my opinion, e-learning has numerous advantages. Firstly, such

approach to education allows students to budget their time more

rationally, as it gives them an opportunity to work on their own pace.

Secondly, distance learning provides better comprehension of

material, because while studying via the internet students are not

disturbed by their classmates and do not have to pay attention to

aspects that are irrelative(()( )*+,- irrelevant?) to education.

Finally, distant learning helps learners considerably to save time and

energy on transportation.

Nevertheless, supporters of the opposite opinion argue that students

are not responsible enough to study via the internet because they can

easily yield to temptation to play computer games or to chat with their

friends in social networks instead of studying. Also, it is said that

students who prefer e-learning lack communication with their peers,

what influence negatively their social skills.

Although it is partly true, the arguments against e-learning are not

convincing, because while learning via the internet students are as

controlled by teachers as those who go to school. What is more, they

have enough free time to communicate with their friends and to

develop social skills.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that e-learning is truly effective as it

offers students individual approach and allows both quick and slow

students to study on their own pace.

Russian cuisine: Healthy or Unhealthy

Many people consider that Russian cuisine delicious but

unhealthy.

Essay: | —

There is no doubt that Russian cuisine is one of the most popular in

the world. Some people find it healthy and nutritious, whereas others

suppose that Russian food is harmful for people’s health.

In my opinion, almost all Russian national meals are more than an

ordinary pleasant taste. First of all, breakfast in Russia includes a

wide range of fruits and porridges which help to refresh body and

spirit for the whole busy day. Secondly, there are a number of

vegetable soups which provide with necessary vitamins and minerals

necessary for a healthy body. What is more, many Russian dishes

are hearty as they consist of meat. As people know, meat is an

essential element for healthy life style partly because it has proteins

and helps children to grow.

However, some people suppose than Russian food does more harm

than good. They think that it consumes large quantities of sugar and

meat which have a negative influence on cardio system and develop

diseases.

This may be partly true, but I am convinced that Russian food is

much healthier than fast-food in Europe and America. In addition,

people in Russia use to eat neatly prepared homemade meals which

are made of high quality products.

In summary, I strongly believe that Russian meals are extremely

beneficial. Not only do they delicious and cater for the tastes of

foreigners, but they also very healthy and nutritious.

Et

Environment

Essay | —

Nowadays some people suppose that it is possible for every person

to support the ecological situation in the world. But there is an opinion

that it is a task for the whole country or a city as it is too high-priced

and needs a lot of global decisions and valuable things.

To my mind, all people should

be environmentally friendly. Our everyday life is connected with the

environment and ecology. It is easy for an average person to throw

away rubbish properly, to save energy or to clean gardens and yards.

Besides, we can teach children or our friends to help the

environment. There are a lot of opportunities to read specialized

books, to watch ecological films and discuss them afterwards.

Finally, each person is able to grow up a flower or even a tree. It is

exciting and one can have fun and do a beneficial thing for the

environment. As a result, a city becomes greener and more beautiful.

On the contrary, other people argue that it is useless to make any

efforts alone. They believe that it is a global task and only authorities

can give enough money and educational opportunities to change the

ecological situation in the country. Having no money and power, a

person is helpless in the modern world.

Nevertheless, I consider that the possible changes begin in the daily

life of each person. If everyone understands the ecological problems,

it will become obvious that the situation should be changed in the life

of every person. This causes the global improvements finally.

To sum up, I am strongly convinced that everyone should benefit to

the environment. One ought to be ecologically friendly, share his or

her ideas with children and other people, make the world greener.

Together we are able to save the Earth.

Have relationships among people changed for the better in

comparison with the past times?

Essay: | —

It is not a rare case to come across a lot of criticism towards modern

society which is said to be callous and superfluous. However, there

are some people who believe that relationships between people have

undergone some positive alterations.

In my opinion, it seems that contemporary people are so busy to keep

up with the fast pace of life that they hardly have any time for efficient

socializing. The first point to bear in mind is that life is very expensive

nowadays and many parents are forced to work long hours. As a

result their children are deprived of certain amount of attention, not to

mention that this lifestyle does not contribute to good relationships

between the couple. Secondly, many people complain of a gradual

loss of moral values in the society. The elderly are not the most

respected members of it anymore and there is little compassion

shown towards people in a dire need.

Nevertheless, the opponents of this point of view are in a hurry to

remind that the role reversal between men and women is obviously a

change for the better. Women have become more independent and

there are fewer prejudices of men staying at home and looking after

children.

Although, this argument holds some water it seems to be a statistic

fact that the divorce rates have escalated compared to the old times

when people used to be more dependent on each other.

Taking everything into account it is possible to conclude that

contemporary lifestyle does not contribute to creating strong bonds

among people.

EDU: All Subjects Equally Useful?

Most teachers believe that all subjects at school are equally

useful.

Most teachers believe that all subjects at school are equally useful.

People have varied interests, and therefore students want to study

different subjects at school. They think that it is better to focus on

determined subjects. But others believe that students must learn all

subjects equally.

In my opinion, today all subjects at school play a important role for

people. Firstly, knowledge and skills obtained at school are applied.

Pupils can use it in the life. Secondly, today individual must be

comprehensively developed to achieve a great position. Finally, a

student increases the level of own culture by studying.On the other hand, there are those who think that students should be allowed to choose subjects they want to study. Development of the

ability in determined field and concentration on it will lead to success.

I disagree with it, because if students do not develop

comprehensively, they will be able to exist in the world and even to

make friends.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that pupils must be interested

in different subjects, as many-sided studying provides becoming

personality.LFL

Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of

time and money.

In today`s world with the increasing globalization more and more

people are learning foreign languages.

On this case some people assume that the knowing any foreign

language plays a considerable role now. Whereas others believe that

it is not worth studying it.

In my opinion, a person should know some foreign languages. Firstly,

nowadays when global ties among countries are developing, one

should study a foreign language to obtain a well-paid, prestigious job.

Secondly, the knowing foreign languages is necessary while

travelling. And a person will not feel uncomfortable because of lack of

the language barrier.

On the other hand, there are those who consider that a person does

not have to learn any foreign language.

In their view, if you learn it, you waste of money. Moreover, studying

a foreign language takes too much time.Nevertheless, I totally disagree with this a viewpoint, because there

are many sites in the Internet where you can acquire the knowledge

of a language. Also a person can study a language while getting to

work.In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that a person needs know

foreign languages. It is a significant advantage for everyone.

Teenagers’ Behaviour

Some people believe that teenagers loday ara generally

rude,lazy and badly behaved. Other people,however,think that

teenagers have a bad reputation for no reason

ESSAY: | —

Some people today think that young people today have bad behaviour

and they are lazy and rude.The others have a posistive opinion about

teenagers.

In my opinion,many teenagesr loday can be good people with a good

education and have a happy future.I know some teenagers,who study

well at school,help their parents,have friends.These people are not

lazy at all,because they do their best to be succesful,work hard al

school and have interesting hobbies.I also have friends,who are well

behaved,have no bad habits,are never rude with people.They are

very polite and intelligent.

On the other hand,many people believe that teenagers have a bad

reputation.Young people start to drink alcohol,to smoke,and have a

very bad behaviour,because their parents give them too much

freedom in different activities.In addition,television,computer games

and internet have a bad influence on teenagers.Because of these

things,young people can be distracted from studying,and they

absolutely forget about books.

I disagree with this point of view.I believe that nothing can have

influence on teenagers except themselves.They are not children,and

can choose their lives on their own.And I believe that many young

people will choose the right way.

In conclusion,I want to say that most of the teenagers can be

kind,intelligent and pesponsible people,and be succesful in the future.

Some people think that the most important thing for a teacher is

to make studying enjoyable for students.

ESSAY: | —

There is no doubt that the main teachers’ duty is to be very

knowledgeable about the subject matter. Nevertheless, some people

think that it is more important for a teacher to make their lessons

more enjoyable and fun for students.

As for me, teachers should not forget about concernment of their

children. I think that being fascinating is much more important for

teacher. First of all, if students are interested in your subjects, they

will visit your lessons with excitement and pleasure. They will listen to

you very attentively and will not make such an awful noise. Secondly,

using creative and inspirational method of teaching, students will

understand the subject better. What is more, if a teacher knows how

to make his/her lessons more exciting, children will not be tired and

exhausted.

However, some people are against such way of getting education.

They argue that a teacher should be the most intelligent; he should

know everything perfectly and never be mistaken. They also sure

that teacher cannot afford a joke during the lesson and he should be

always strict and severe.

I completely disagree with this point of view. You can be the most

experienced teacher, knowing all rules perfectly, but if you do not

have a sense of humor and you are unable to make your students

interested in your subject, you are not a good teacher.

Summing up, I strongly believe that interesting, exciting and creative

lessons are our future way of education. Teachers like that can be a

good example for future generations.

Pocket Money

parents should/ should not give money to their children

Many parents consider giving a weekly allowance to their children a

normal practice. However there is an opinion that children are not mature enough to deal with money and this will only spoil them.I am of the opinion that youngsters should have some sum of money for their own spending. First of all, it would be irresponsible of parents if they did not provide money for such essential expanses such as lunch at school or transportation fees.Moreover, children are likely to feel more confident if they have some extra money to buy some snack or stationary they may need. What is more, having to decide how to spend money effectively a child learns about its value and grow to appreciate it.Nevertheless, the opponents of this view claim that pocket money can do nothing but spoil offspring. They will buy unnecessary items such as sweets. Furthermore, there is a risk that they will get used to

receiving an allowance and will take it for granted. Although they may be partly right, I do not see any harm in providing children with small amount of money. Through practising to allocate,

save it up and invest their allowance they will become sensible with money.To sum up, I firmly believe that it is parent’s duty to help children to

understand the meaning of money. There is no better way to do this than to let them be fully responsible for a small amount of money provided on a daily basis.

True FriendsSome people think that you can have only one true friend.

Friendship is one of the most important part in everyone`s life.

Regarding this some people assume that a person can have only one

genuine friend. But others believe that friendship can be between several friends.To my way of thinking, there can be one true friend. Firstly, one is

always close with you, one is at your side in joy and in sorrow. Such

a devoted friend never betrays you. Secondly, having many friends, a

person does not have chance to devote time equally for all them.

There will be one who you spend more time with. In addition, a man

can not trust and reveal all his secrets every close friends, because

somebody is more significant for him, somebody is less.On the other hand, there are those who think that people can have more than one true friend. If you have multiple friends, you always will be able to obtain assistance and support.I partly agree with this point of view, as it is probably you will be

supported by only best friend in the bad times, but other ‘true’ friends

will turn their back on you.In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that a person can have only

one genuine friend who cherish you unconditionally

Studying Modern Literarure

Some people think that at school students do not study enough

modern authors and modern literature.

No doubt that modern literature has become very popular nowadays.

More and more people buy a huge variety of books written by modern

authors. Nevertheless, some people are sure that students do not

spend enough time on studying it.

In my view, classical literature is much more important for students.

First of all, it is a good way of mental stimulation. It forces people to

think about the highest values and qualities. Secondly, it helps people

to become well-rounded and more intelligent. What is more, if a person studies novels written by Tolstoy, Chekhov or Shakespeare he will probably know the history and culture of countries where these authors lived.However, some people think that modern literature is rarely studied at school. They also think that it is more important to read books of modern authors as it is usually much more interesting and enjoyable.I cannot agree with them. To my mind, reading classical books can give great pleasure to its readers. Modern books have only an interesting content while classical literature shows spiritual values

and changes people’s life.

In conclusion, I am convinced that students should not study modern

literature a lot at schools. Knowing classical ones can be much more

important and significant.

Computers

We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They

are used in business, hospitals, crime detection and even to fly

planes. Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should

we be more suspicious of their benefits?

ESSAY (Task Response=0 | —

There are a lot of opinions in the world about using computers. Some

people think that it is irreplaceable part of the modern world, but

others dispute about people’s dependence on computers and harmful

effects on our health.

In my opinion, people should not be suspicious of using computers.

Firstly, computers made a step in the right direction for discovery of

diseases. Scientists help more and more people overcome many

incurable illnesses, using the modern medical equipment. Secondly,

computer is the fastest way to find criminals. Policemen compile all

traits of offender’s appearance for making a (#$%$&$’$%).

Nevertheless, the opponents of this view claim that we are becoming

increasingly dependent on computers. The say that a majority of

children is addicted to computer games. Moreover, teens are sitting

against their computers all day long. Therefore health problems with

the eyes, the back appear.

In spite of this, I strongly believe that parents should choose useful,

developing computer games for their children. Children will be happy

and smart, and parents will de quite. According to scientists’ advice, a

man can sit against the computer from 3 to 4 hours in a day.

Following this simple rules, people will avoid their health problems.

In conclusion, I would like to say that I cannot imagine our life without

computers. They are used in medicine, education, science and give

many indispensable benefits to the development of the world.

Therefore I am sure that the future generations will improve

computers, will reduce their harmful effects on men’s organism, and

life on the earth will be more qualified.

Marriage can wait

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays early marriages are becoming more and more popular.

Some people find lots of advantages of being married. Nevertheless,

there are those who believe that marriages are not necessary

especially in early ages.

In my opinion, if a person is quite young, marriage is not a good idea.

To begin with, young and full of energy people can do whatever they

want without any restrictions, while married people can rarely afford

themselves to have fun, visit different discos and parties. Secondly,

before the marriage people have ability to find a well-paid and

prestigious job which will provide them with decent salary and

satisfaction. Moreover, sometimes young people are not able to make

the right decision about their future life.

However, many people think that early marriage can be beneficial as

it makes person more responsible and more disciplined, because he

should not only care about himself, but also about his family.

This may be partly true, but I am convinced that when people are

immature and inexperienced they are not able to arrange their life.

The consequences of early marriage can be unpleasant: it can

destroy the whole life.

In conclusion, I would like to say that marriage can really wait. It is not

the most important thing which should be done in early ages. As

people say, haste makes waste.

Keeping Pets

Some people think that having pets is a waste of time and argue

that they are dirty and dangerous

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays lots of people tend to adopt pets and take care for them.

Nevertheless, some people think that keeping a pet can be rather

difficult as it is always very expensive and takes up too much time

and effort.

In my opinion, keeping a pet is a good idea. First of all, a pet can

become a good friend for people suffering from loneliness. Secondly,

spending some time with companion animals will make people’s life

more colorful and enjoyable, it will help to cope with daily routine and

forget all sorrows and regrets. What is more, keeping a pet can

provide a person with new opportunities and hobbies like taking part

in different pet contests.

However, some people are against having any kind of pet. They

believe that toys and medical treatment for pets are not cheap. They

also think that sometimes pets can be rather dangerous and

represent a threat for the public.

I cannot agree with this point of view. Pets can rarely pose a threat

for society. They are usually very tender and kind. Moreover, pets

can make someone’s life more enjoyable filling it with new colors and

emotions. Besides, people should also think about homeless animals

which need our help.

Summing up, I am strongly convinced that having a pet can be very

advantagable. Not only do they cheer us up, but they help people to

make their life much better.

Some people think that national holidays are just the additional

days off . Others believe we should pay more attention to the

meaning of the events that these holidays commemorate.

ESSAY | —

Nowadays most bank holidays are the days when people only rest

and make merry. Some people suppose that these days should be

dedicated to taking away the stress of everyday life. Others, on the

contrary, consider public holidays to be meaningful and significant

events.

In my opinion, people ought to put a high value on bank holidays. To

begin with, people should refer to history on these days, because

many of holidays emerged to commemorate the most important

events in history. Research into the past often fills one with pride

about one’s heritage and contributes to national identity. Moreover,

many holidays are of religious origin that means people are to place

emphasis on such timeless values as family and friends.

Opponents of this view claim that holidays have lost their true

meaning and become too commercialized. As a result, people must

stay out of everything related to celebrations and have a rest.

Despite the influence of mass media with its purpose to capitalize on

people’s naivety, it still depends on each person in particular whether

a bank holiday takes priority over an ordinary day off. In fact, it should

do, because a public holiday reminds us about things we may forget

and has the power to bring the whole family together.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that people ought to attach

importance to bank holidays. They are the perfect days for family’s

reunions and rediscovering oneself.

Extra Pocket Money

Many parents encourage their children to study well by giving extra

pocket money for each good mark.

ESSAY: | —

It is often argued if parents should motivate their children to get high marks at

school with the help of a personal allowance. Some people believe that it is

an excellent instrument which can prod any pupil to study better. Opponents

of this view say that it is an unacceptable way to draw schoolchildren’s

diligence.

To my way of thinking, young might be rewarded for their school

achievements. Firstly, when teens have their own money it gives them an

experience of independence and self-confidence and helps to adapt for the

adult life. Secondly, supplementary money provides that adolescents take

studying as a job, the better they study, the more they earn. Finally,

youngsters learn how to weigh up their wishes and possibilities.

However, the detractors of this opinion contend that pupils must not be given

any money for doing well at school. To begin with, these people are sure that

in order to get more and not to distress grown-ups a child starts to use

cunning and hide low marks. Moreover, they believe that monetary

compensation may cause the situation when a child does nothing without

proper encouragement.

This may be true to some extent, but as long as students understand the

importance of education for the future career, they never trick their parents.

In conclusion, the system of encouragement for good marks imparts the

necessary standards of behaviour, helps to cultivate desirable results.

Besides, it seems to me only fair to give a student additional money for his

efforts to make a good progress in his schooling.

Gift Giving

Some people think that a birthday present must be a surprise.

Others prefer to hint or let their friends and relatives know what

they would like to get as a present.

Recieving birthday gifts is an antient tradition. Almost all people like it.

At the same time, some people think that present must be a surprise

and others consider that a person who are presented with a gift

should remain in ignorance.

To my mind, I support the first opinion, because a like surprises.

Firstly, I think that the feel of curiosity and excitement is the main part

of any present. It gives me a lot of positive emotions when I open a

gift from somebody. Secondly, getting gifts we can see how many

people really know us.

Meanwhile, there is an opposite opinion to presented above.

Supporters of it believe that everybody should know what kind of

present he get. They claim that the most important thing in the gift is

its practicality.

I completely disagree with this statement, because I consider that the

most important part of the gift is getting positive emotions.

To sum up, I strongly believe that a birthday present should always

remain a surprise, because the main thing is to make a presented

person happy.

SOME people think that ??? profession of a teacher is important

and nobel NOBLE, while others claim it has lost its positions

and IS not as respected as it used to be

The profession of a teacher is one of the oldest professions. Some

people think that these days this job has become not so prestigious

as then, but others believe that it still useful and demand.To my way of thinking, the teaching profession is and will be respectable and popular. Firstly, all we need in education. It is

important step of socialization. Moreover, quality of life depends on it

in the modern world. Secondly, teachers are very knowledgeable and

they can be helpful in almost every situation. Moreover, sometimes

they mean for students more than a person who just teaches. They

become their friends or something.

On the other hand, Internet and other kinds of available information

help to educate ourselves independently. This fact is fairly common in our days.This may be partly true, but to get really good education we must be

learned by the experts of their field. I think it cannot be possible by

way of self-education.

To sum up, I am strongly convinced that lecturers are have not lost

their positions. They successfully keep giving people knowledg

Scientific developments

Some new developments in world science are not really helping

the world. They just invent new things for us to buy and

consume. True progress must only be about protecting the

world.

ESSAY: | —

New inventions come into our lives at a high speed. Some people

reprove them for not serving the purpose of protecting the

environment. Others consider the inventions only as useful tools for

everyday life.

In my opinion, people should attach importance to creating things

which will be of use for the planet, not only for people themselves. To

begin with, such an invention as an eco-house should be widely

spread, because it contributes to saving energy and natural

resources. An eco-house is perfect for the environment as it

functions frequently on stored solar power. Moreover, we know that

the environment and the economics are closely related, that’s why

“the invention” of “green banks” is a beneficial one. Green banks are

the banks that give loans for green projects and they offer incentives

for green building and transportation.

Nevertheless, opponents of this view consider that inventions should

be about improving people’s life regardless of their usefulness for the

environment. They say that people should carry on creating only

labour-saving devices.

However, this attitude towards life and progress is inappropriate,

because a man should take care of the environment as well as of

himself. In fact, the world was changed by human activity,

consequently, people are in charge of it.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that people should give priority

to creating environmentally useful devices. Not only do they improve

the state of ecology, but they also provide prosperity to all living

organisms.

It is generally believed that nuclear weapons should be banned.

However, some people believe they should not

.//- | —

There is no doubt that nuclear weapons pose a serious threat to

people’s lives. Nevertheless, some people think that there is no

reason for worrying about bad consequence of this weapon as it does

not do any harm.

In my opinion, the nuclear weapon should be banned by

governments. First of all, nuclear weapon negatively impacts the

environment. It pollutes the air, water and soil. Secondly, many

species of animals and birds could suffer from extinction if nuclear

weapon is used. What is more, as long as nuclear weapon exists

people will be at risk of disappearing from this planet as the power of

its destruction is enormous.

However, some people suppose that nuclear weapon is not

dangerous. They think that it provides the country with powerful and

efficient secure from enemies from all over the world. They also

believe that it will not have any bad impact until it comes into action.

I do not share this point of view. Nuclear weapon causes a real threat

to society. It destroys the world around us. Besides, it causes

struggle and competition between different countries which influence

social tension and provoke inappropriate living conditions.

Summing up, I strongly believe that using nuclear power should be

prohibited by law as quickly as possible. Not only does it deteriorate

the environment, but it also leads to the planet’s destruction.

Sports: Doing vs Watching?

Some of my friends think it’s important to do sports regularly

while others would rather watch a sporting event on TV.

ESSAY: | —

There is no doubt that sport is one of the most important part of our

life. Some say people should do sports, but others think that they can

watch any sporting show on TV and I cannot understand this point of

view.

In my opinion, everybody should exercise regularly. First of all, it

helps them to keep themselves healthy mentally that allows to be in a

good mood every day. Secondly, it gives a chance to prevent many

diseases and reduce the risk of a heart attack in the future life.

Finally, getting some daily exercises allows them to get beautiful body

shape and become physically strong.

On the other hand, there are those who argue that it is not worth

exercising because nowadays people have an opportunity to watch

sporting events on television. They claim that it spends less time, if

they watch such programs at home. Also, they think that doing sports

might be expensive because people have to buy necessary

equipment.

Despite these arguments, I cannot agree with this opinion because

watching TV shows will never replace a real physical activity.

Besides, it will never regret spending money on a useful hobby.

In conclusion, I am convinced that people should do sports regularly

and pay more attention to their health.

Teens’ Independence

Some people think that when children reach the age of 18 and

finish school they can and should start living on their own.

.//0:

After finishing school young people are often faced with a difficult

decision whether to continue living with their parents or to start living

separately. Some people argue that the eighteen-year-old are already

prepared to live without parents while others claim that school-leavers

are not mature enough to live on their own.

Personally, I am sure that most young people of eighteen are not

ready to independent life neither financially nor psychologically. To

start with, an average person of eighteen usually don’t have enough

money to afford his own flat or to pay a rent. Thus, the young who

want to live independently are likely to have problems with the

accommodation. Furthermore, lots of young people after reaching the

age of eighteen do not have enough skills to manage the

housekeeping themselves, so they will have to spend a great deal of

time on routine activities in stead of studying. In addition, not all young

people can cope with all the problems themselves and the support of

their parents is necessary for them.

Nevertheless, supporters of the opposite opinion are convinced that

young people should try living on their own claiming that an

independent life can bring them some valuable experience which is

extremely useful in building their adult life.

Although it is true to some extent, I strongly believe that after leaving

school young people should focus their attention on entering

university rather than on separating from their parents.

In conclusion, I am certain that a person should start independent life

after ensuring a constant income, therefore it is unreasonable for the

young to start their own living after leaving school

Stray/=Homeless Animals

Some people believe that animals without owners should have

the right to live on the streets in cities. Others say that they

could be dangerous and should be collected and found new

homes, or even put down.

| —

Composition.

Some people think that it is quite acceptable that stray animals live in

the streets and poeple don`t worry about it.Others believe that it is

abnormal and can lead to some dangerous consequences and it is

required many attention and efforts from people to find comfortable

living places for homeless animals.

In my opinion the responsibility for animals is very important. The

problem of homeless animals requires special attention and

solution.Firstly,the responsibility for animals appeals to fewer and

fewer people. Secondly, many homeless dogs and cats suffer from

the lack of food and die of starvation on the streets. Such incidents

are heart-rending. So this cannot go on in this way. It is inhuman,

outrageous treatment in relation to our «small brothers».

Actually, this problem concerns every one and humanity must

improve the situation.

On the other hand, there are those who don`t worry that stray animals

live on the streets, dumps, cellars, heating mains, deserted buildings.

I can`t stand this relation towards the defenseless I certainly agree

with people who don`t disregard to give help to “our little brother»:

keep animal shelters where people can find a pet, treat sick animals,

give them warmer care and attention.

In conclusion it should be noticed that it is good that some people are

indifferent in relation towards defenseless and unprotected animals.

Unfortunately, this happens less now. But anyway people should not

forget that they are responsible for those, who they have tamed.

Cars Should be Banned

The car has become the most popular means of transport in the

history of the world. However, some people say that the world

would be better without cars.

Essay: | —

There is no doubt that the invention of the car has changed the world

and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Some people

claim that cars should be banned. In fact, there are too many cars in

our towns and cities which causes more pollution and more traffic

jams in rush hours. So, what is right in such situation? !»! (.There is

growing concern that the increasing numbers of mostly cars may

actually disrupt the environment of urban areas. Where is the way

out?)

In my opinion, I do not mind reducing the number of cars. Without any

doubt, limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing

problems and people must definitely improve the situation.

As the matter of the fact, some people feel pessimistic about our

future with cars. They worry about pollution, poisoned air we breathe,

amount noise which are caused by cars, lack of space for green

gardens and playground.

They are certainly right but only partly. I think our cars cannot be

banned at all. Also, using cars is very essential for people, as we can

get food using cars by delivering products to homes, business, work.

In conclusion, I would like to say that everything is in our hands.

People can build efficient underground, tram service which will

certainly make our lives better and more comfortable. In addition,

environmentally friendly vehicles will reduce air pollution and

greenhouse gas emissions. They must be produced multitude and

sold in acceptable prices.

Consumerism

There are lots of products on the market today. Is it reasonable?

Essay: | —

Nowadays market is stuffed with goods. Some people consider such

a variety of products to give a great opportunity to buy exactly what is

wanted. Others claim that a wide range of goods does not prove true

itself.

In my view, mind-bending diversity of merchandise is not expedient.

To begin with, supply exceeds demand often. Unbought goods

become junk and they are often given away instead of recycling.

Furthermore, impelled by the desire to make a profit from mass

production entrepreneurs begin to economize on quality of the goods.

Consequently, much of production does not contribute to standards.

Besides, sometimes products of mass consumption are made from

ecologically unsafe materials. There are many cases when people

become ill after using these dangerous products.

However, some people think, that an affluent assortment of goods is

very advantageous. Many people are in favour of choosing and

looking for the things seasoned exactly to their taste. Moreover,

developed trade industry provides many people with work. As a

result, trade industry is the most popular branch of industry today.

Although, the true fact is that market is overcrowded with goods and

becomes unprofitable for both entrepreneurs and consumers alike.

Because of that, the reduction of goods on the market is inevitable.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that superfluous production has no

point because of its needlessness.

Career:Following in one’s Parents’ Footsteps

Some people think that young people should follow in their

parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession.

ESSAY: | —

In today’s world education there is an essential thing you must have

to get a good job with a high salary and to occupy a high social

position in the society. Therefore, parents are worried about their

children’s choice. Do they have right in choosing child’s career? The

issue brings about many controversities.

In my opinion, parent should value skills, abilities, personality. Firstly,

children need support and hint on the right way. There is only one

advice: to try to notice aptitudes for some subjects and to inspire in

juvenile a habit for work. Secondly, leaving school is the first stage of

social and psychological maturity. If parents think about all difficulties

in life without favour occupation, they will understand that job

satisfaction is the main life goal. Finally, the brain capacity is different

of each child. There is no confidence that young person will inherit

abilities of famous parents that is why complexes will appear.

On the contrary, parent can influence the children’s doom. First of all,

parents are able to help with getting career qualification. One has a

counselor as loving and trusty person. Moreover, parents, whose

child follows in their footsteps are proud of them. Parents see not

many prospects of promotion but self-satisfaction and continuation

the career dynasty.

In spite of these, I believe, there is the solution: to give one a better

start concerning personal preferences.

In conclusion, I would kike to stress, managing and development a

career, at the first time, the choice of it depends on the children

themselves.

Cars should be banned (from city centers?).

ESSAY: | —

It is fairly safe to assert that transport is an integral part of the modern

society and hardly anyone can survive without it. It is not surprising

that some people are concern about traffic jams, destructive influence

on men’s health and claim that cars should be banned. Others are

sure that car is the best mean of transport and humanity is not ready

to live without it.

In my opinion, cars should not be banned. Firstly, automobile is the

most suitable mean of transport for traveling with a whole family or a

big company. They can avoid an escort with tourist groups or usual

excursions and can create their own rout. Having a personal car is

the freedom of choice exactly where is wanted without buying tickets.

Secondly, most of products for shops and other business are

transported by cars. Cars’ ban leads to the collapse of the trade

industry. Finally, I am afraid of public transport would be

overcrowded.

Nevertheless, people who are prone to believe that cars do bring a

great number of disadvantages name some exceptional drawbacks

people have because of using cars. First of all, automobiles add to

pollution and poison air we breathe. Smog, dust from the engines are

the recipe for disaster. Moreover, using cars relaxes of people. They

become lazy and fat because of lack of walking.

Even though they may be partly right, it is important to bear in mind

that future generation are able to bring about the transition from

today’s cars to ecological means of transport working with help of

electricity. It helps to overcome the problems with polluted

environment.

In conclusion, I maintain that transport plays the important role in

creating a person feel comfort and convenience. But few people

would deny that only having a personal car one can spend one’s

spare time with family, friends or one-by-one. People can reach

almost every destination and create their own travel.

Gun Control

The ownership of guns should/ should not be controlled by the

government

ESSAY: | —

It is possible to generalize and assert that every person wants to live

in peace and quiet. However, while there is a belief that a gun may

provide security for its owner, there are also many people who are

strongly opposed to this idea.

In my opinion, the fewer people have weapons in the world, the less

threat they pose to themselves and society. Firstly, if there is a gun in

the house it is possible that children may gain access to it and injure

themselves and others. Moreover, such a law allowing all people to

keep firearms at their homes would make it impossible to ensure that

people with mental disorders do not buy them. Last but not least, it is

beyond all doubts that the number of atrocious crimes will increase

and this will prompt the police to use guns more often than they used

to do.

Supporters of the free gun circulation claim that a firearm can save

lives, in particular, when it is used in self-defense. In addition, many

criminals would be deterred to commit a crime if they knew that

almost everybody is armed.

Despite all these seemingly justifiable reasons I advocate for gun

control as only this way we will be able to promote the idea that any

argument should be settled peacefully. Furthermore, it is expected

that suicidal rates will be law where guns are illegal.

In conclusion, I maintain that the society will benefit if only the police

and an army are entitled to keep guns but not average citizens.

Otherwise, people will tend to misuse it and there will be more

casualties.

EDU: Traditional vs Alternative?

Education is compulsory, school is not.

ESSAY: | —

The today`s world dictates high requirements to the level of

knowledge. A person should have perfect education to be successful

in any field of activities. No sooner had schools appeared than people

saw a home-based education as the only method of studying.

Nowadays everyone has the choice: to go to school or stay at home

for getting education. Some people are sure that schools have many

advantages in comparison with home, whereas others have some

reasons to call the home schooling as the best way to get knowledge.

In my opinion, being educated at home is far preferable to the most

common standart as going to school. Firstly, people are different and

have various interests, talents and abilities. Therefore, not all subjects

being given at school are useful for everyone. At home there is an

opportunity to concentrate only on studying of necessary subjects.

Secondly, teachers at school can pay much attention on

organizational, extra-curricular issues, so the time of lessons may be

spent not as effectively as at home. Moreover, home-based

education allows not to get distracted from other pupils.

Nevertheless, many people think that generally-accepted schools

give us many benefits. For instance, pupils can deal with peers there,

and when children compare themselves with others, their selfassessment

forms objectively.

This may be true, but I assume that children should concentrate only

on getting knowledge in the process of studying. The forming of

relationships with others, the socialization should take place outside

of lessons.

In conclusion, I am firmly convinced that getting knowledge at school

has some advantages as communication with peers. But it will be

better to be engaged in home-based establishment for perfect

education.

Soap Operas

Many people watch soap operas because they find them

enjoyable and realistic.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays watching soap operas has become one of the most

popular hobbies among many people of different ages, especially

among women. Some think that long serials are interesting and they

can bring pleasure and gladness to viewers, whereas others believe

that watching melodramas is a worthless pastime.

In my opinion, engaging in soap operas is an useless activity and it

can even do harm to viewers. Firstly, the world of serials can capture

and weigh on the brain problems of heroes, which poses serious

threat to watchers because of distraction from urgent cases of reality.

Nerve disorders might be caused by care about imaginary ones.

Secondly, even though the operas can be similar to realistic issues,

they always contain author’s fantasy and have happy ends, which

cannot be said about the same situations in normal life. Watchers can

take to heart these fabulous moments and face up with problems in

reality.

Nevertheless, many people assert that watching melodramas is a

plesant way of spending leisure time. They say that this activity helps

to be distracted for having rest. It is great to lie on a sofa doing

nothing and getting delicious impressions.

This may be true, but I assume that these people forget that soap

operas can bring worries and bothers along with distraction from real

concerns. So watching serials affects viewers’ life negatively.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that melodramas cannot

enable to get plenty of rest and enjoyment. They take up our time

bringing almost nothing beneficial.

Prison: Alternatives

Some people are sure that sending to prison is the only way to

punish criminals. However, a lot of people believe there are far

more effective punishments for criminals than prison.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays the level of crime is gradually increasing. Regarding this,

some people believe that offenders should be in prisons. Others think

that it is not necessary to send all criminals to prison.

In my opinion, there are many efficient punishment aside from jailing.

Firstly, punishment should re-educate criminals, but not do harm

them. One of main aims of law is humanity. Secondly, it is utterly

expensive to hold prisoners. States spend much money on

accommodating them. Whereas this expenses can be used to

improve health service. Moreover, prisoners are not treated very well

by security guards. There are violence and cruelty towards them.

On the other hand, there are those who think that criminals should be

sent to prison. They are sure that lawbreakers should be removed

from society.

I disagree with it, because this people must have a chance to reform.

If they are in prisons, they will not able to turn over a new leaf.

Everybody must have a second attempt.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that punishment must improve

criminals, but jailing will not make prisoners better.

Books or film versions

The issue between books and films has always been controversial. In

today’s world books are nearly forgotten amongst young people,

while films on the other hand have become more and more popular.

Nevertheless I prefer an evening with a good book and a cup of tea to

an evening with a film and a bucket of popcorn.The first thing I would like to consider is that a literary creation is

nearly always better than its cinematization. For example, Ray

Bradbury wrote a wonderful short story “A sound of thunder” which

had been turned into a long and slumberous film. When you read a

book, you imagine your own characters and the whole world and this

world is bounded neither by budget nor by director’s fantasy.However, some people say that watching a film is more breathtaking,

because you can live a whole life, share character’s sorrows and

joys within a mere two hours.

This may be true, but what they forget is some tiny yet important

details in films are often omitted and for this reason you can’t understand characters or a meaning of scene in full.In conclusion, I would like to add that masterpieces can be found

amongst books and films equally, but still between a book and a

movie I will choose a book.

Some people think that using bicycles in the centre has many

advantages while others are sure that bicycles should not be

allowed in the city centres.

Nowadays using bicycle instead of a car in central districts is

increasingly growing in popularity. However, while some people find

such means of transportation beneficial, others claim that bicycles

only block traffic.

In my opinion, it is not preferable to use bicycles in central areas.

Firstly, most highways and central roads are not provided with

necessary facilities for cycling. Consequently, the cyclists who

choose the city centre to ride a bike run the danger of an accident, as

the flow of cars is rather fast. Secondly, the downtowns are usually

overcrowded, so cycling will only create substantial inconveniences

for pedestrians.Nevertheless, cyclists are sure that using a bike in the downtown is absolutely safe and allows them not to waste money on petrol. Also,cycling in metropolitan areas is often believed to reduce noise and pollution.It is partly true, but since it is impossible to stop using cars, bicycles are unable to resolve the problem of noise and pollution in big cities and can cause many accidents as well.In conclusion, I strongly believe that unless necessary facilities are

created, cycling in the city centres should be banned.

Some people think that having pets is a waste of time and argue

that they are dirty and dangerous.

It is a fact that a considerable number of people keep animals or birds

at home. Some claim that it is a dissipation of time and warn that

animals often have life-threatening diseases. Others argue that taking

care of pets makes your life more interesting and full of sense and

consider home darlings to be safe.

Personally I believe that having pets only has advantages. When you

are taking care of living beings you show such qualities as

responsibility, empathy, and kindness; and it in its turn helps to

develop your personality. Domestic favourites give you so much love,

devotion, and pleasure that it inevitably influences your emotional

condition in a positive way and leads to the general improvement of

your health.

On the other hand, the opponents of keeping pets think that it is an

unproductive and full of disadvantages way to spend your free time.

They say there is a great deal of more useful pastimes you can be

engaged in. These people dislike domestic favourites because of

possible illnesses they might be infected with.

However, these arguments are unconvincing, since tastes differ and

you choose the way to fill your life according to your own inner

desires and views. And still timely visit to the veterinarian will help to

avoid many problems with medical issues.

All in all, I believe that there are more advantages than disadvantages

in having pets. They are true friends always willing to be near you,

they share every change in your mood and provided that you are

attentive to their needs and health they will never distress you.

Smoking

Many people think that smoking should be prohibited by law, but

there are still many who believe it should not

ESSAY: | —

No doubt that regular smoking leads to health deterioration. That is

why some people think that it should be banned as quickly as

possible. Nevertheless, there are those who believe that people

should be allowed to smoke, if they want to.

In my opinion, smoking should be prohibited by law as it has bad

impact on our life. Firstly, it leads to numerous illnesses such as lung

diseases or cancer. Secondly, smoking regularly can damage the

nervous system and increase the risk of mental illnesses. Stress,

depression and anxiety are results of smoking. Finally, if a person

smokes, he will probably have problems with his look as smoking

also affects personal appearance.

On the contrary, some people are convinced that smoking does not

do any harm. They think that it brings people enjoyment and pleasure

as well as it helps to put up with stress and daily routine. Besides,

they also suppose that it will be difficult to give up this habit.

I cannot agree with this point of view. Smoking can really badly

influence on people’s lives. Moreover, the level of health care affects

economic and social well-being of the country.

In summary, I strongly believe that banning smoking by law is both

beneficial and reasonable. Not only does it help to improve people’s

health, but it also maintains the authority of the country

Some people think that you can master the language only if you

study abroad, in the native speaking environment.

It is very important to know at least one foreign language nowdays.

More and more people are becoming to learn other languages. Some

of them say that it is possible to learn foreign language by

themselves. Others claim that you will never speak any language

fluently without practicing it with the native speakers.

In my opinion people can greatly improve their level of any language

in their own country. Firstly, you can study grammar by yourself

without any help of native speakers. Grammar is very significant as it

makes our speech literate. Moreover, learners can listen to some

audio records in English, for example, or watch TV channels like

CNN or BBC to improve their comprehension skills. Finally, to

develop our speech we can record our voice on a dictaphone and

then listen ourselves, correcting any mistakes.

Nevertheless, some people say that learning the language by

yourself takes a lot of time and it is inefficient because you can get

confused talking with the native speaker.

Although, studying the language abroad is faster and more efficient it

is also quite expensive. Not everyone can spend a year in China, for

instance, learning Chinese. Moreover, if you are confident in your

knowledge you will not get confused.

In conclusion, I can say that despite all the drawbacks it is possible to

learn the language by your own. There are only two things you will

need: the desire and the patience.

Today some scientists claim that cloning experiments should

not be subject to government scrutiny.

ESSAY

| —

With the advancements in genetic biology it is not strange that

scientists’ attention is centered in the development of cloning. At the

same time many people argue that this scientific area is rather

dangerous and should be controlled by the government.

To my way of thinking, cloning should be kept under control of the

government. Firstly, cloning is a relatively new scientific area, so

scientists can never be sure that the process of making a genetic

twin of a person or of an animal will be completely safe. Secondly,

unnatural origin of clones pose a threat to their health and may result

in serious health problems, including incurable illnesses. For

example, cloned creatures are likely to age quicker, because their

cells have already been used. In addition, there is no guarantee that

clones will be mentally healthy, therefore they may have significant

difficulties in adopting to society.

On the other hand, genetic biologists prove that cloning should

develop without being limited by the government claiming that it can

be enormously helpful in curing diseases. For example, cloning can

provide cells, tissues and even organs for medical operations and

consequently save thousands of human lives.

Maybe it is true to some extent, but what they forget is that cloning is

still in its infancy, so the consequences of the cloning experiments

are absolutely unpredictable.

To conclude, I strongly believe that cloning should be restricted by

the government as the experiments with nature are extremely

dangerous and we can never foretell the results they can lead.

.

Photo albums vs storing photos on computers

Many people enjoy having a collection of photo albums while

others prefer to store photos on their computers.

.//0

Nowadays photography is an extremely widespread activity and

practically in every family there is at least one photo album. But

thanks to modern technologies we can not only place our photos into

albums, but also download them on our computers and submit them

on different websites. Let’s consider which way of photo storing is

more beneficial.

Personally, I’m sure that those who prefer to download photo on

personal computers have more advantages. To begin with, since we

don’t have to print photos downloaded on computer, we save both our

money and natural resources expending on the production of paper

and ink. More than that, computers protect photos from discoloration

and allows to maintain vivid colors during a long period of time. In

addition, choosing computer for storing shots enables us not only just

to store photos but to process them in different programs and to

improve their quality.

Nevertheless, photo albums’ lovers assure that it is much more

pleasant and enjoyable to collect photos in albums. Their argument

against storing photos on computer is

that in case of computer’s crash we can lose all our shots. It is also

said that while getting together with family it is not very convenient to

look through photos on computer.

But i can’t agree completely. Although it is sometimes very pleasant

to view photos with family in albums, I think that storing photos on

computer is more beneficial as it makes possible to improve and

preserve shots’ quality.

Drawing a conclusion, I’d like to stress that even if it’s more common

to see photos in albums, opportunities which computer storing offers

should be taken into account.

Part-Time Job vs Studying

Some young people believe that while at school we should

concentrate on studying; others think that working part-time has

many advantages.

Nowadays some young people combine work and study at school,

but others think that they should pay more attention to their education.

In my opinion, students should start working while they are taught at

school. First of all, it gives them a chance to earn extra money and be

more independent from their parents. Secondly, if a family has a lack

of money, such extra earnings will help to facilitate their life. Finally,

teenagers will learn how to handle money properly and it will be a

valuable experience for the future life.

On the other hand, there are those who argue that students should

focus on studies because it will help them to get a good profession.

Also they claim it might be stressful for some pupils because it is hard

to balance work and studying.

I do not consider these arguments really convincing because it is

really possible to combine them. I think teenagers can earn some

extra money while it does not interfere with studies. For example,

they may work at weekends or in summer holidays.

In conclusion, I am convinced that young people should find a job and

begin working in school years, but it must not interfere with their

curricular activities.

Teenagers’ Behaviour

Some people believe that teenagers today are rude, lazy and

badly behaved. Other people,however, think that teenagers have

a bad reputation for no reason.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays there are so many teenagers, who are very impolite,

naughty, but most of them are very outgoing, hardworking and

purposeful.

In my opinion, teenagers are not very rude, evil and lazy; they have a

bad reputation for no reason. Firstly, a lot of teenagers attain

success; they enter universities and have got well-paid jobs. And it

proves that they are not lazy. Secondly, now teenagers create social

advertisements, where they ask people to save their lives and give

up bad habits. Thirdly, they help adults and children who need help,

such as, the sick and the disabled. Now a lot of charity organization,

where teenagers work there as volunteers.

However, there are some people, who believe, that teenagers are

generally rude, lazy and badly behaved. They think so, because they

notice only bad features in them. For example, they think that all

teenagers smoke and take drugs. I do not agree with them: firstly,

none of teenagers in my school smoke or take drugs; secondly, I am

sure that modern teenagers lead healthy lifestyle.

To sum up, I think that teenagers are very good, kind and

sympathetic. The main thing for them is kindness to people. I hope

that there will be more people, who will believe in them and will

understand that teenagers are the modern generation, which

continues the way to the future.

Education

Should education be free?

ESSAY: | —

There are no doubts that good education is utterly important in the

contemporary world. In many countries people are obliged to pay if

they want to study and this is a norm of life. However, the opponents

of this system claim that the society is negatively affected by paid

education.

Personally, I believe that both citizens and the government benefit

from free education. Firstly, this way the gap between the rich and the

poor is less yawning. All people, regardless of their social status and

income, should have a chance to study. Secondly, by providing

affordable education the government increases the overall intelligence

level in the country and reduces poverty. Finally, the more people are

qualified the better outlook for the future is in the global scale. The

work market is in need of enthusiastic and skillful employees who are

able to work hard for the sake of their own and the country’s

prosperity.

Nevertheless, there is an opinion that paid education is more

effective. It is said that students treat studies more seriously when

they have to pay for it. Moreover, tuition fees enable colleges and

universities to buy expensive equipment essential for certain classes.

Although they are partly right, I cannot help thinking about talented

poor students who cannot afford to study in a university. Their

intellectual capacity will be wasted on society and they are not going

to make a scientific breakthrough only because of a lack of money for

decent education.

All things considered, I maintain that free education is not only

beneficial for people but also for the officials. Only intelligent and welleducated

society is able to create a strong and developed state.

Prison

Some people are sure that sending to prison is the only way to

punish criminals. However, a lot of people believe there are far

more effective punishments for criminals than prison.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays that punishment for offenders has become a very

controversial issue. Some people believe that imprisonment is a very

effectual solution to the problem, whereas others believe that that

there is a need to use another way to punish criminals. So where is

the truth?

In my opinion, the prison is not the most preferred among different

ways to re-educate those who break the law. Firstly, imprisonment

can completely change a person but not necessarily for the better. A

prisoner has to live into close space, practically without contact with

the outside world that can cause serious mental disorders. Moreover,

there may be some difficulties in adaptation to normal life after leaving

prison. Secondly, offender’s surrounding will certainly affect any

person, who can adopt many negative habits from them, therefore

may be ready to commit a crime again. Finally, such a way of

punishment is often not right in different situations. For example, I

think that economic crimes do not deserve the same imprisonment

sentence as murders.

Nevertheless, some people think that prisons help to keep society

safe from dangerous persons. They say that isolation gives criminals

time to speculate on their wrong deeds.

This may be true, but I assume that those people have forgotten that

once an offender will be released from prison and possibly will

continue to make crimes because the situation and surrounding can

destroy his mind, so after prison, a man can be more dangerous than

before.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that people should use other

methods to punish offenders. Prisons often do not fulfill their function

to fix people and sometimes even harm a person`s identity.

Career Choice vs Parents

Some people think that young people should follow in their

parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession.

ESSAY: | —

It is not a rare case when children are encouraged to choose the

profession their parents have. Moreover, many people believe that

this is the most favorable scenario for the young. However, the

opponents of this view claim that children benefit more when they are

free to make their own choice.

In my opinion, parents should give their children a freedom of choice.

First of all, there is nothing worse in life than having to do a boring job

day by day. This usually happens when young people get misled by

the success of their parents and choose to take the same occupation

which actually does not coincide with their personal traits. Secondly,

the unconditional support of parents may make young specialists lazy

and ineffective. In other words they will take their promotions at work

for granted and will not have motivation for self-development.

Nevertheless, some people share the view that parents may instill

their knowledge in children and therefore help them become an

excellent worker. In additional, few parents will refuse to make use of

their social network and help their beloved children to secure a good

job.

Although it is tempting to choose the easiest way and follow your

parent’s footsteps, I think that it always pays off when we follow our

own dreams whatever efforts it takes . It would be a pity to realize

that our parent’s influence has prevented us from gaining selfsatisfaction.

In conclusion, I maintain that under no condition should parents

impose their opinions on their children when it comes to their future

profession. Otherwise, it is possible that the young will blame their

parents for choosing a wrong job

Some people think that reading detectives is a waste of time.

ESSAY: | —

In today`s world there are many different kinds of books and all

people can find something suitable among the variety. However,

some think that detectives are a useless and stupid genre of books,

whereas others believe that there is no better way to spend time than

reading detectives. So where is the truth?

In my opinion, reading crime stories brings any person many benefits

and advantages. Firstly, detectives usually have cunningly devised

motives of a crime and an investigation process. This characteristic

of the book allows readers to develop logic, observation and

understanding of human behavior, which can be very useful in real

life. Secondly, it is the best way to deal with depression because the

world of the book is able to capture and divert from real issues. As is

known, a person a little distracted from any problem later find a

solution quicker because of looking at the situation more objectively.

Moreover, we should take into account that reading books enriches

the lexicon and develops grammar skills.

Nevertheless, many people share the opinion that reading detectives

is worthless activity. Nowadays this genre is made from a template,

so that every book is of the same plot.

This may be true to some extent, but I assume that detectives of

different authors are varied. They have their own inner world and

fantasy, so plots of some books can be similar but it does not make

crime stories less interesting.

In conclusion, I am firmly convinced that detectives are beneficial

books because of their ability to give food for thought, distract from

reality and develop logical thinking. I maintain that this genre cannot

be called `useless`.

Advertising

Advertising helps us to find out what we really need. Others are

sure that it is used to deceive most people and we should not

trust it.

Advertisement had really become a part of our life: it surrounds us

everywhere. So some people claim that advert helps us to make a

right choice, choosing what we need. While others are sure, that it`s

purpose is to deceive us. Let us discuss both statements.

From my point of view, we should not trust the advertisement. Firstly,

it is aimed to make a product more popular, so the information we get

can be unreliable. Secondly, I am sure that the advertisers impose us

their product, placing the commercial everywhere. Thirdly, we cannot

hear about the product`s disadvantages in the advert. It makes

impossible for us to make a right choice.

From the other point of view, my friend thinks that the commercial is

useful. For example, it gives us information about what we have in

range now and informs us about novelties. Besides, in the advert we

can learn about the advantages of the products, what helps us to

compare them and to choose what we really need.

However, I cannot agree with this opinion. It is better to learn all the

variety of products in the shop, not seeing the publicity. In this case,

our choice will be impartial. What else, we can better learn the

advantages of the product, asking people who had already used it.

In conclusion, I can say, that the advertisers pursue their profit from

the commercial, but we should learn not to believe everything that is

said in the advert, but try to filter the information.

.

Historic Preservation

Should a city try to preserve its old historic buildings or replace

them with modern buildings?

ESSAY: | —

There is no doubt that new modern buildings are being built more and

more often while old historic buildings will be soon vanished from

cities. Many people prefer not to worry about it. Nevertheless, there

are those who think that historical monuments and houses should be

preserved.

From my point of view, saving old culture in cities is extremely

important. Firstly, it helps people to be more informed about the

history of their culture. Secondly, old buildings make the atmosphere

of city or town much more charming and fascinating. Moreover, old

historic buildings form national identity and show belonging to a

certain country. It is also very significant.

However, some people insist on old buildings’ destruction as these

types of buildings are uncomfortable for living. They also think that it

does not look beautifully and does not fit to modern houses and

monuments.

I do not agree with this point of view. To my mind, people should

always remember the history of their country. Historic buildings are

great inheritance which each person should try to preserve.

Summing up, I strongly believe that historic structures should be

carefully preserved. It is each person’s duty and obligation. People

should always remember about it.

Career Making

Some people suggest that young people think only about

making money and career.

ESSAY | —

Teenagers’ plans for the future are always great. Nowadays most

people consider that the youth is concerned only with earning money

and climbing the career ladder. Others have an opinion that the young

also care about such invaluable things as friendship and education.

In my view, modern teenagers are attentive not only to careerism, but

also to building relationships with people and pursuing education. To

begin with, the number of young people registered in different social

networks is increasing. Now it is so tremendous that it is obvious to

see that communication with friends is essential part of teens’ lives.

They are interested in adding new friends and corresponding with

them there. Moreover, most of the young strive to obtain good

education. They pay much attention to choosing a university and

faculty according to their aptitude. Not to mention the fact that young

people are very ambitious and trying to enter high status universities

in order to become the best specialists in their fields.

Opponents of this view state that teenagers are dreaming only about

money. In today’s world everybody wants to earn and spend more

and more, and the youth follow these values and sometimes forget

about real values such as human compassion, giving a lending hand

and supporting each other.

However, it is undeniable that in the consumer society life literally

makes even young people crave for money. A person’s standard of

living is valued by his or her material possessions, so that it is no

wonder that from the early ages a man wants to be wealthy.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that young generation has much

more goals in life, than it is supposed. And perhaps they are the first

who can achieve them all, because our consumer society exists in

the world of high-tech.

EDU: Homework

Some people think that daily homework is necessary for

students.

ESSAY:(No feedback) | —

There is no doubt that homework is an essential part of education

process. Some people find homework useful and helpful for students,

whereas others suppose that it is a cheer waste of time.

In my opinion, daily homework is very beneficial. First of all, it helps

students to understand the subject better and consolidate the

knowledge. Secondly, doing homework students can prepare

themselves for next lessons and get good grades. What is more,

homework usually motivates students to do their best to accomplish

goals.

Nevertheless, there are those who think that homework is useless as

it creates stress and makes students neglect their studies. They also

think that it takes to much time and denies students of different sport

and social activities.

I can partly agree with this point of view, but I am convinced that

regular homework can make students more diligent, persistent and

hard-working. Besides, homework is a good way to develop such

abilities as time management, self-organization and self-control which

are extremely important in the world of work.

In summary, I strongly believe that homework has more good than

bad sides. Not only does it make lessons more efficient, but also

develops necessary skills and motivates pupils to show good results.

No feedback

Being Rich

Some teenagers dream of becoming rich whereas others

consider it to be rather dangerous.

ESSAY: | —

In today’s world more and more people tend to believe that happiness

cannot exist without financial basis. That is why, many offsprings

nowadays wish to be wealthy in life. However, there are some, who

assert that extremely richness poses a serious threat to its’ owner.

Personally, I am inclined to believe that the wish of being wealthy is

not worth the dream the rich stick to and money even can do

irreparable harm to individuals. Firstly, the majority of people, being

comfortably off, look down on others thinking that the whole world

revolves around them. We should take into account that wealth often

goes together with loss of positive personal qualities and tendency to

greed and callousness. Secondly, it would not be wrong to assert that

individuals being well financially secure are more often subject to be

exposed to crime. Because of envy, springing from social inequality,

many people are eager to clear the world from the rich.

Nevertheless, opponents of this view think that high monetary status

is one of the most desired dreams. They think that rich people are

provided with great opportunities. Wealthy individuals can afford any

buying and high level of services.

Despite all this arguments, I assume that luxuries can do more harm

than bring benefits to the owner. Having an opportunity to get

anything, a rich runs out of purposes, aspiration and sees no reasons

to live on.

In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that richness poses a potential

harm to people. They undermine their spiritual stability gaining

negative traits of character and eventually unaware of what to go

after.

Some people think that after the divorce the mother should take

care of children. Others believe that both parents should have

equal responsibility in raising a child

There is no doubt that after the divorce women are more likely to

raise their children than men. Nevertheless, some people believe that

both parents should be equal in bringing up a child.

In my opinion, men and women should be allowed to raise their

children in the equal rights. First of all, every child needs to have both

mother’s and father’s love. Otherwise, he can probably have

inferiority complex. Secondly, men and women usually play different

roles in raising their children. Men can tell children lots of interesting

and useful thing about the world, whereas women can always give a

piece of advice and support.

What is more, sometimes caring of children makes relationships

between a divorced couple stronger and closer. Who knows maybe

children will help their parents to reunite.

However, some people are convinced that it is enough for a child to

be brought up by the only parent. They think that a mother can

provide children with love, support, she can also teach him

everything, while a father can only pay alimony for child’s needs.

I completely disagree with his point of view. The main family’s

function is bringing up children. Even after the divorce parents should

do it together having equal responsibilities in parenting. Besides, to

raise children in comfort a family should have financial stability. In any

case, money given by father as alimony cannot be compared with

money earned by two parents.

Summing up, I strongly believe that raising children together by a

mother and a father is extremely beneficial for both children and

parents. Not only does it make children’s life happier, but also makes

relationships between parents rewarding and strong.

Advertising

Advertising is common throughout the world. However, not all

people consider it helpful.

ESSAY: | —

Nowadays people are seriously concerned about the advertisement.

Some experts say that commercial is useful in many cases, whereas

others uphold the opposite point of view.

In my opinion, commercial is extremely important today.Firstly, with

the help of the advertisements, we can know about all the up-to-dates

in the shops and much more. So you can form your opinion about

goods just sitting in front of TV. Secondly, advertising brings big sums

of money to the company owners.Finally, bright banners can beautify

streets of the city.In this way, we can remember many examples of

such cities.

However, there are those who claim that advertisement is not so

good as many people imagine.They say, that commercial on TV is

very intrusive.For example,we have to wait more than ten minutes to

see our favourite show or film.They also add, that advertisement

influences our emotions by making us buy things we do not need.

This point of view can be partly true,but we all know, that advertising

is the engine of commerce.Therefore, many people are able to

introduce their goods in the beneficial ways.

To sum up, I have to say, that there are many opinions about

advertisements.But no one can deny that production of this great

industry has become a part of our life.

Modern Technology

Technology HAS made our life better.

Essay: | —

There is no doubt that modern technology mad our life safer and more

comfortable. However, there are people who consider that technology

equipments should be kept out of people.

From my point of view, modern technology is extremely useful for

people. To begin with, progress has improved lots of things such as

education, travelling and so on. For example, with the help of Internet

we can get a lot of information which might be rather helpful at school

preparing. Moreover, the developments of medicine help to save

thousands of life. Approximately 20 years ago people could not count

on healing from cancer, tuberculosis and other diseases.

However, there are a lot of people who completely reject it. They

claim that technique causes lots of problems. For example, pollution

is one of the most dangerous problems of our life. And pollution is

directly connected with the modern technology.

It is true to a certain degree, but what the opponents fail to mention is

that thanks to the progress we also find new way of recycling and

environmental protection.

To sum up, I strongly believe that the modern technology is really

beneficial for people. And it made our life easier and better.

In your opinion should the government intervene in the rights of

the individual with regard to family planning.

ESSAY:

For recent years the problem of the government’s encouragement of

creating family and interfering in the rights of a person has been one

of the most urgent. Some people are sure that the government should

influence on people’s life. However, their opponents claim that it is

people’s own business to make up mind about these serious steps.

In my opinion, the government has rights to act on planning family.

First of all, there is a gap between mortality and the birth rates in

modern society, therefore the government should give priority to

people who are going to increase the birth rates of the country. Last

but not least, couples often afraid of the birthing a child because of a

lack of money. Furthermore, the government’s support is able to

stimulate people’s opportunities to provide the children with good

education, for example. Finally, today people think about having

children too late – an university, a job and so on – all these aspects

put off the birth. In some cases a woman may has some diseases. In

other words, promotion to the couples can show strong support.

Opponents of this view claim that regarding to people who creating a

family is not a good idea. On top of that, they say that government’s

encouragement can attract only irresponsible persons, who want to

spend money on their best. Moreover, people should think

themselves about such serious action without outside helpers.

I found myself disagreeing with this point of view. In our country the

government pays attention to for what purposes people spend their

grants, consequently I am convinced that it is an obstacle for

irresponsible couples.

I would like to underline that my opinion is that if government takes

part in planning family and encourages it, economical and educational

rates will be high. Not only do the birth rates help to increase

population, but young people also can create the benefits to the

country.

hnic Diversity

Some people think that in th period of the Soviet Union, ethnic

diversity was *mare respected and people belonging to different

*etnic groups lived in peace with one another. However, young

Russians nowadays have many more opportunities to travel,

learn and appreciate other cultures.

ESSAY:

Today a question of ethnic diversity worries many people. Some say

that it was easier to appreciate people with different cultures during

the Soviet era; others claim that today’s youth is much more aware of

other cultures.

In my opinion, we have much more opportunities to travel and meet

different people than our ancestors.Firstly, there are more travel

agencies in Russia than in the Soviet Union.Moreover, they can offer

a variety of tours from the most economical to exclusive

ones.Secondly,many schools and universities have exchange

programs with foreign countries.In thid way, it is easier for students to

appreciate different cultures,countries and people.Finally, today we

have higly developed industry such as Internet.So,with the help of the

Net we can see any country we like vurtually and even make videocalls

to our foreign friends.

However, many people believe that in the Soviet Union their life was

better, because people appreciated any nationality.Furthermore, they

are convinced that today’s society has become very rude and

intolerant to people from other countries. They also add, that during

the Soviet period all nationalities lived peaceably with each other and

there were much less problems with the nationalism.

Nevertheless,I disagree with their opinion. We are intelligent enough

not to offend others because of their nationalities.For example, there

are many mixed marriages,so, it means that we can live together

peacefully not seeing on different shaped eyes or something like that.

To sum up, I want to say that today’s youth have many opportunities

to travel and learn about cultures.There is no boundaries in terms of

ethnicity nowadays and nationality does not play a big role. We

should respect everyone, and I think, we do.

Talent vs Hard Work

Some people think that to be a success you need a talent; others

believe that hard work can compensate for it.

ESSAY:

Everyone has a desire to succeed in life. However, views about how

we can achieve success differ dramatically. While some suppose

that success always goes together only with natural endowments,

others are sure that it is possible to develop necessary skills and

aptitudes.

In my opinion, people who do not possess any special gifts can attain

even better results than those who are talented. To start with, gifted

people do not have a need to put much efforts in their work, what

makes them think that they can achieve whatever they want without

any practice. More than that, being accustomed to take their

achievements for granted, people of a talent often develop negative

personal qualities such as laziness and arrogance. On the contrary,

those who lack talent train hard, confronting numerous difficulties and

overcoming barriers, what, in turn, leads them not only to

achievement of their goals, but also to gaining practical experience.

Nevertheless, supporters of the opposite opinion are convinced that

talent opens all doors claiming that people without gifts can hardly be

as successful as those who possess natural abilities. Talented

people are also believed to be developed comprehensively and to

achieve their aims faster.

Although it is partly true, talent is not a key factor in being successful,

because achievement of any goal requires hard work and efforts.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that even if a path to success is truly

hard for ordinary people, their efforts and struggle with difficulties

always pay off.