Paragraph 1 says that people …
1) tend to ask strange questions about climate change.
2) think that the climate is not changing.
3) doubt that climate change is man-made.
4) believe that in medieval times climate was harsh.
This may seem like an odd question for a climate scientist to ask, but it is one I am constantly asked now. The typical discussion starts: «I know that the climate is changing, but hasn’t it always changed through natural cycles?» Then they will often give an example, such as the medieval warm period to prove their point.
Those asking the question include a wide range of people I meet in the pub, friends, politicians and, increasingly, even some of those active in sustainable development and the renewable energy businesses. What I find interesting is that I have known many of these people for a long time and they never asked me this before.
Recent studies show that public acceptance of the scientific evidence for man-made climate change has decreased. However, the change is not that great. The difference I find in talking to people is that they feel better able to express their doubts.
This is very hard for scientists to understand. The scientific evidence that humanity is having an effect on the climate is overwhelming and increasing every year. Yet public perception of this is confused. People modify their beliefs about uncomfortable truth, they may have become bored of constantly hearing about climate change; or external factors such as the financial crisis may have played a role.
Around three years ago, I raised the issue of the way that science can be misused. In some cases scare stories in the media were over-hyping climate change, and I think we are paying the price for this now with a reaction the other way. I was concerned then that science is not always presented objectively by the media. What I don’t think any of us appreciated at the time was the depth of disconnect between the scientific process and the public.
Which brings me to the question, should you believe in climate change? The first point to make is that it’s not something you should believe or not believe in -this is a matter of science and therefore of evidence — and there’s a lot of it out there. On an issue this important, I think people should look at that evidence and make their own mind up. We are often very influenced by our own personal experience. After a couple of cold winters in the UK, the common question was: «Has climate change stopped?» despite that fact that many other regions of the world were experiencing record warm temperatures. And 2010 was one of the warmest years on record. For real evidence of climate change, we have to look at the bigger picture.
You can see research by the Met Office that shows the evidence of man-made warming is even stronger than it was when the last report was published. A whole range of different datasets and independent analyses show the world is warming. There is a broad consensus that over the last half-century, warming has been rapid, and man-made greenhouse gas emissions are very likely to be the cause.
Ultimately, as the planet continues to warm, the issue of whether you believe in climate change will become more and more irrelevant. We will all experience the impacts of climate change in some way, so the evidence will be there in plain sight.
The more appropriate questions for today are how will our climate change and how can we prepare for those changes? That’s why it’s important that climate scientists continue their work, and continue sharing their evidence and research so people can stay up to date — and make up their own minds.
Задание №8701.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The author wants climate scientists to continue their work because
1) they have not shared their findings with the public.
2) people need to know how to get ready for changes.
3) society demands more research in this field.
4) people don’t want to make up their own minds.
Решение:
The author wants climate scientists to continue their work because people need to know how to get ready for changes.
Автор хочет, чтобы ученые-климатологи продолжили свою работу, потому что людям нужно знать, как подготовиться к изменениям.
«The more appropriate questions for today are how will our climate change and how can we prepare for those changes? That’s why it’s important that climate scientists continue their work…»
Показать ответ
Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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Тест с похожими заданиями
вот он, гвоздь «номера», текст про Пушкина. Сломай мозг, называется.: (http://opengia.ru/subjects/english-11/topics/2?page=3)
The introduction to a new biography of Gannibal by the author
Alexander Pushkin was not only Russia’s greatest poet, but he was also the great-grandson of an African slave. The slave, whose godfather was Peter the Great, claimed to have royal blood of his own. Certainly his Russian descendants believed that he was an African prince. His descendants have included members as well as close friends of the English royal family. So the legend goes on.
Pushkin told the story of his black ancestor in “The Negro of Peter the Great”, but this biography tells a different version. The main difference is between fact and fiction. The Russian poet hoped to discover a biographical truth by sticking to the facts, only to discover that facts are slippery and not always true. His biography turned into a novel. Even then, it was left unfinished after six and a half chapters. The scrawled manuscript comes to an end with a line of dialogue – ‘Sit down, you scoundrel, let’s talk!’ — and a line of dots. Pushkin could be speaking to himself. In any case, it’s now time to stand up and carry on with the story. I have tried to join up the dots.
This is a book, then, about a missing link between the storyteller and his subject, an African prince; between the various branches of a family and its roots; between Pushkin and Africa; Africa and Europe; Europe and Russia; black and white. It is the story of a remarkable life and it poses the question: how is such a life to be explained?
My own explanation began in 2001, while I was living in Russia and working there as a journalist. The first draft was written during the war in Afghanistan, on the road to Kabul, but it describes my journey to the frontline of a different kind of war in Africa between the armies of Ethiopia and Eritrea. According to legend, Pushkin’s ancestor was born there, on the northern bank of the River Mareb, where I was arrested for taking photographs and compass readings, on suspicion of being a spy. Understandably my captors didn’t believe that I was only a journalist researching the life of Russia’s greatest writer. At the military camp, where I was held for a number of hours, the commandant looked me up and down when I asked, in my best posh English accent, ‘I say, my good man, can you tell me, basically, what is going on here?’ ‘Basically,’ he replied, with distaste, ‘you are in prison!’ The incident taught me something. Journalists, like biographers, are meant to respect facts, and by retracing Gannibal’s footsteps, I hoped to find a true story.
Some of those journeys lie behind the book, and are used whenever it is helpful to show that the past often retains a physical presence for the biographer – in landscapes, buildings, portraits, and above all in the trace of handwriting on original letters or journals. But my own journeys are not the point of the book. It is Gannibal’s story. I am only following him.
Descriptions of Africa and the slave trade result from my journeys, but this is not a book about a ‘stolen legacy’, nor certainly about the intellectual wars that have been part of black history in recent years. Biographers, like novelists, should tell stories. I have tried to do this. I should, however, point out from the outset that Gannibal was not the only black face to be seen in the centre of fashionable St Petersburg at that time. Negro slaves were a common sight in the grand salons of Millionaires’ Street and they appeared in a variety of roles, such as pets, pages, footmen, mascots, mistresses, favourites and adopted children. At the Winter Palace, so-called court Arabs, usually Ethiopians dressed in turbans and baggy trousers stood guard like stage extras in the marble wings.
1. The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave
A) had Russian royal blood in him.
was Peter the Great’s godfather.
C) belonged to the royal family in his native land.
D) was a close friend of the English royal family.
2. According to the narrator, the biography of Pushkin’s ancestor turned into a
novel because Pushkin
A) didn’t like the true biographical facts he had discovered.
found it impossible to stick to the facts that were doubtful.
C) could not do without describing fictional events.
D) found the true facts of the slave’s biography uninspiring.
3. The narrator’s objective in writing the book was to
A) write a new version of the novel “The Negro of Peter the Great”.
continue the story from where it was left unfinished.
C) interpret’s attitude to his ancestor.
D) prove that Pushkin’s ancestor was an African prince.
4. The narrator says that his research for the book
A) brought him to Russia to work as a journalist.
made him go to the war in Afghanistan.
C) led him to take part in the war in Africa.
D) brought him to a river bank in Africa.
5. The lesson that the narrator learnt from his arrest was
A) not to use a camera and compass at the frontline.
to avoid speaking to people in his best posh English accent.
C) not to distort information about real events.
D) never to tell people about his research.
6. The narrator thinks that his journeys
A) helped him find some visible traces of the past.
made him to feel sympathy to a “stolen legacy”.
C) deepened his understanding of the concept of intellectual wars.
D) turned out to be the main contents of his book.
7. The narrator points out that at the time of Gannibal
A) negro slaves played a variety of roles in the theatre.
black slaves were like stage extras in royal processions.
C) many Africans made a brilliant career at the court.
D) Africans were not a novelty in the capital of Russia.
Совсем недавно на сайте ФИПИ появился открытый вариант ЕГЭ английский 2021. Это прекрасная возможность оценить уровень сложности предстоящего экзамена и, конечно же, дополнительная практика. А она ой как нужна, ведь экзамен уже не за горами, поэтому мы решили посвятить нашу новую статью детальному разбору ключевых разделов открытого варианта ЕГЭ. Не будем вас больше томить и приступим.
Читайте, берите на заметку и делитесь со своими друзьями. Поехали!
Грамматика и лексика
Абсолютно точно открытый вариант ЕГЭ английский 2021 порадовал, особенно в части грамматика и лексика, ведь задания 19-25 оказались на редкость простыми. Задания по словообразованию 26-31 и лексике 32-38 тоже сложными не назовешь, если знать алгоритм их выполнения. О нем мы рассказывали в одной из наших статей. Так что если вы еще ее не читали, то советуем обязательно прочесть.
Задания 19-25: детальный разбор и ответы
19. Сначала посмотрим на структуру предложения.
Many people think snakes enjoy __________________ to music. (listen)
В нем уже есть и подлежащее snakes, и сказуемое enjoy. Это говорит о том, что здесь не нужна личная форма глагола.
Что такое личная форма? Это такая форма, которая используется в качестве сказуемого и связана с выполняющим действие субъектом или, проще говоря, это спрягаемая форма глагола.
В данном предложении нужна неличная форма глагола. К неличным формам глагола относятся герундий (V-ing), Past Participle (V3) и инфинитив.
Чтобы понять, какая из неличных форм потребуется, вернемся к сказуемому в предложении, то есть к глаголу enjoy. По правилу после него ставится герундий (V-ing), поэтому получается listening.
Ответ: listening.
20. Работая с глаголами, первое, на что следует обращать внимание — это маркеры, которые указывают на определенное время. Давайте посмотрим, есть ли в предложении таковой.
People __________________ this myth for a long time. (believe)
Да, в конце предложения видим for a long time. Такой временной маркер характерен для Present Perfect Continuous или Past Perfect Continuous. Но поскольку повествование ведется в настоящем, что видно из предыдущих предложений, то рассматриваем только первый из предложенных вариантов. Но есть еще одно НО. Глагол believe является исключением и не употребляется в аспекте Continuous, поэтому мы выберем просто Present Perfect, где также есть этот маркер for a long time.
При выборе между Present Perfect (PP) и Present Perfect Continuous (PPC) руководствуемся следующим правилом:
если глагол показывает процесс, то выбираем PPC, а если это глагол относится к глаголам состояния (stative verbs), то выбираем PP.
Получаем have believed.
Ответ: have believed
21. Начнем с того, что посмотрим на структуру предложения.
In fact, snakes __________________ music or sounds and react only to your movements. (not hear)
Есть подлежащее во множественном числе — snakes и есть одно из однородных сказуемых после союза and – react. Форма этого глагола подсказывает нам и линейку времен — это Present и аспект — это Simple. Остается вспомнить, как строить отрицательные предложения в Present Simple. Это делается следующим образом: do + not + инфинитив. Получается do not hear.
Ответ: do not hear
22. Если на полях видите количественное числительное, то нужно образовать порядковое.
She was the__________________ woman to become the professor of
mathematics. (one)
Получается first.
Ответ: first
23. Переведем предложение и заодно посмотрим, есть ли маркеры.
However, few people know that Sofia __________________ interested in mathematics at a very early age. (get)
Однако немногие знают, что София начала интересоваться математикой с ранних лет.
Видим, что событие в придаточном предложении происходило в прошлом и есть даже временной указатель at a very early age, поэтому ставим глагол get в Past Simple, для которого как раз важно, когда конкретно произошло событие. Глагол get имеет форму got.
Ответ: got
24. Повествование о детстве Софии Ковалевской продолжается, значит и линейка времен по-прежнему Past, аспект Simple. Число глагола будет единственным.
There __________________ enough wallpaper for her room and her parents put some sheets of paper instead. (not be)
При работе с оборотом there is число глагола определяется по слову, стоящему после него. В данном предложении — это неисчисляемое существительное wallpaper, которое в английском языке употребляется с глаголом в единственном числе. Получается was not.
Ответ: was not
25. Если видите указательное местоимение this или that, нужно поставить их во мн.ч. This – these, that – those.
__________________ sheets turned out to be notes of lectures of a famous Russian mathematician.
Ответ: these
Задания 26-31: детальный разбор и ответы
26. Если на полях стоит certain, то обычно требуется наречие certainly со значением «несомненно, безусловно».
Capilano Suspension Bridge is __________________ one of them. (certain)
Ответ: certainly
27. Начнем с того, что посмотрим, где находится пропуск.
It is a __________________ bridge in Canada, located near Vancouver. (beauty)
Он — между неопределенным артиклем «a» и существительным «bridge». В этом случае нужно прилагательное, а именно beautiful.
Ответ: beautiful
28. Смотрим на место пропуска и что до него.
Going over this bridge is quite an adventure for __________________. (tour)
Перед ним стоит предлог, следовательно нужно существительное. А так как мы не видим неопределенного артикля после предлога, то скорее всего нам нужно будет существительное во множественном числе. Реже это может быть неисчисляемое существительное в единственном числе.
Остается вспомнить, какие существительные можно образовать от слова tour. Это tourism и tourist. Подставив оба варианта в пропуск, видим, что подходит tourist, но как мы говорили выше, оно должно быть во мн.ч. — tourists.
Going over this bridge is quite an adventure for tourism/tourists. — Пройти по мосту — это самое настоящее приключение для туризма/для туристов.
Ответ: tourists
29. От существительного wind можно образовать только прилагательное windy. Именно это и будет правильным ответом.
If the weather is __________________, the bridge sways from side to side. (wind)
Ответ: windy.
30. Как обычно смотрим на место пропуска и на слово после него. Это поможет определить необходимую часть речи.
People come here for the fresh and clean air, the scent of pine needles and __________________ attractions on the other side of the bridge. (vary)
Пропуск перед существительным, значит нужно прилагательное. От глагола vary – это various.
Ответ: various
31. Так как пропуск — это последнее слово в предложении, следовательно смотрим, что перед ним.
There is a park there with all sorts of entertainment and great boutiques for enthusiastic __________________.
Там стоит прилагательное, значит после него должно быть существительное. Поскольку артикля перед прилагательным нет, то нам нужно либо существительное во мн.ч. — shoppers, либо неисчисляемое существительное shopping.
Чтобы понять, какое из них будет правильным, посмотрим на прилагательное перед пропуском. Это enthusiastic — восторженный, увлеченный. Такое прилагательное, исходя из его перевода, может употребляться исключительно с одушевленным существительным, поэтому выбираем shoppers.
Переведем последнее словосочетание, чтобы все-таки убедиться в правильности выбранного слова.
…great boutiques for enthusiastic shoppers – великолепные магазины для страстных шопоголиков
Ответ: shoppers
Задания 32-38: детальный разбор и ответы
32. Среди предложенных глаголов есть только один, после которого предложение строится таким образом и имеет управление of.
It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 32 ______ William of Lily and Emily.
Ответ:
- reviewed
- reminded
- recorded
- remembered
Это reminded.
remind smb of smb/smth — напоминать кому-то о ком-то/чем-то
Более подробно о разнице между remind и remember мы рассказываем здесь. А если вы уже ее знаете, то вам не помешает практика. Специально для этого мы приготовили для вас тест.
Ответ: reminded
33. Приступим к следующему заданию и посмотрим на предложенные варианты ответов.
Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 33 ______ to meet here.
Ответ:
- arranged
- managed
- coordinated
- established
Начнем с глагола coordinated. Обычно говорят coordinate smth with smb — согласовать что-то с кем-то. К данному контексту он не подойдет
Теперь посмотрим на established.
establish smth — учреждать что-то, устанавливать
Также не подходит.
На заметку: если среди вариантов ответа предлагают managed, то он обычно и является правильным.
Чтобы это проверить, достаточно взглянуть на слова после пропуска, где мы видим to + инфинитив. Глагол managed как раз требует после себя инфинитива с частицей to:
managed to do smth — удалось что-то сделать
Но все же стоит проанализировать и остальные глаголы. Возможно, составители дадут еще один или несколько глаголов, которые так же как и managed требуют инфинитива с частицей to.
Среди предложенных вариантов есть и еще один arranged, который как и managed, может употребляться с to+инфинитивом.
arranged to do smth — договориться что-то сделать
Остается подставить в контекст, чтобы посмотреть, что подойдет по смыслу.
Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 33 ______ to meet here. — Линкольн сказала Уильяму, что ему нужно поговорить с ним с глазу на глаз, и поэтому они договорились встретиться здесь/им удалось встретиться здесь.
По контексту видим, что ранее эти герои не встречались, поэтому выбираем вариант arranged.
Ответ: arranged
34. Посмотрим на следующее предложение с пропуском и варианты ответа.
Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 34 ______ him waiting.
Ответ:
- holding
- keeping
- fixing
- carrying
Здесь проверяется знание выражения keep waiting. Оно переводится как «заставлять ждать».
Ответ: keep
35. Нам предстоит выбрать один глагол из синонимичного ряда. Чтобы это сделать правильно, посмотрим на слова после пропуска.
«You 35 ______ rather serious, even sad,» William said.
Ответ:
- watch
- glance
- see
- look
Там словосочетание rather serious «довольно серьезный». Возникает вопрос: после какого глагола может стоять прилагательное? Ведь мы знаем, что обычно наречие характеризует глагол. Ответ прост — это глагол look в значении «выглядеть». Он является исключением и, как и глагол be, требует после себя прилагательного.
Ответ: look
36. Перейдем к следующему заданию.
In 36 ______, he tried several times with no success.
Ответ:
- fact
- time
- place
- point
В данном задании проверяется знание вводной фразы in fact «в действительности».
Ответ: fact
37. Снова составители хотят подловить нас на устойчивом выражении get in touch with «связаться с кем-либо». Единственно, в предложении глагол стоит в Past Simple.
That’s why he finally got 37 ______ touch with me.
Ответ:
- by
- at
- on
- in
Ответ: in
38. При выполнении этого задания важна лексическая сочетаемость: a car accident – ДТП.
He said that there was a terrible car 38 ______ sometime last night.
Ответ:
- incident
- occasion
- accident
- event
Ответ: accident
Множество тематических тестовых заданий из раздела 32-38 вы можете найти в нашей рубрике «Задания 32-38». А еще больше подобных разборов ищите в нашей новой рубрике «ФИПИ ответы».
Следите за обновлениями и совершенствуйте свой английский вместе с ABC.
100 баллов СРОЧНО!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The phenomenon of A ______ atmosphere heating up is known as climate change (or global warming).
Scientists believe that human activity has caused the Earth to warm by around 1 °C B ______ the Industrial Era. Although this does not seem like much, it has significant implications for humans and animals all around the world.
Unfortunately, rising temperatures do not always imply improved conditions! Our weather will get C ______ severe and erratic as a result of the changing atmosphere.
Climate change is now having an effect on nature around the world, with some animals struggling more than others. Polar bears, whose frozen natural environment D ______ as a result of the temperatures, are particularly vulnerable.
Climate change E ______ only affect animals; it is also having an effect on humans. When temperatures increase, certain regions may become drier, and many animals (and humans!) will be unable to adapt to their changing environment.
A. 1) ours; 2) our; 3) us; 4) ourselves.
B. 1) to; 2) during; 3) since; 4) for.
C. 1) more; 2) much; 3) many; 4) plenty of.
D. 1) melts; 2) has melting; 3) is melting; 4) melted.
E. 1) would not; 2) will; 3) would; 4) will not.
Comment on the following statement:
Many people are sure that climate change is inevitable and we cannot change the situation. However, there is another opinion that our lifestyle can greatky influence the climate”.
The problem of climate changing is very important nowadays. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase. Сhanging of climatic conditions is a very topical issue. Some people believe that there is no reason to worry and we cannot stop this process, whereas others believe in serious problems to be faced by humanity as a result of these changes.
The first thing that needs to be said is going on with the climate is really serious because it can lead to the global warming. Over the last century global temperatures could rise five to ten degrees by the middle of the next century. Large areas of coastal land would disappear. Secondly, many animals and plant species will not adapt to the new conditions and therefore their lives will be threatened. Finally, climate changing can be caused by the air pollution.
On the other hand, there are a lot of people who think that global changing is independent of humanity. People are only trying to make their life better and more comfortable.
In conclusion, I think that our lifestyle can greatly influence the climate. First of all we must to take care about our nature. But there is one question «what necessary actions do we need to take?». It’s very difficult to answer, but we must find the right solution.
Задание 1
Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
| 1. | A diary in your mobile may be a good idea. |
| 2. | This way to remember things doesn’t go well with hygiene. |
| 3. | One should keep used diaries and daily planners. |
| 4. | This technique is not good for remembering things. |
| 5. | Good memory may be a question of genetics. |
| 6. | Writing things on pieces of paper is convenient. |
| 7. | Keeping a diary can help not to forget things. |
Задание 2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Задания 3-9
Прослушайте интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Задание 10
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
| 1 | When we don’t sleep |
| 2 | Not only for humans |
| 3 | How dreaming helps |
| 4 | When we dream |
| 5 | Why dreams can be scary |
| 6 | What we feel dreaming |
| 7 | How we forget dreams |
| 8 | How we remember dreams |
| A | Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night. |
| B | Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life. |
| C | Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day. |
| D | Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person. |
| E | There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up. |
| F | Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively. |
| G | Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall. |
Задание 11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Promoting language learning
The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its
citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate
with each other. It does so by A_____________________ to promote the teaching
and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in
common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often
three or more, EU countries.
The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education
policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national
education policy, B_____________________. What the EU programmes do is to
create links between countries and regions via joint projects,
C_____________________.
Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella
of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support
under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant
languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in
each country, E_____________________.
The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural
diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and
subtitling of European films for F _________. The “Culture”
programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern
authors into other EU languages.
- and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
- which includes language teaching and learning
- cinemas and television in other EU countries
- which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
- funding a number of educational programmes
- and encouraging people to learn new languages
- where details about the application procedures are given
Задания 12-18
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному
варианту ответа.
Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree
with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth
can kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to
collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to
understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on
our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers
underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water
can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water
decreases.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth.
It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible
climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as
time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science
fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of
the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s much
more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the
successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of
the matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone,
computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space.
When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core.
The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and
comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are
made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes
could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push
them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water,
such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an
electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and
hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has
already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS).
The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and
Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for
getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in
motion now.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples
from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of
500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in
orbit.
We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We
can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in
a smart way.
Задания 19-25
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
One airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for the airline. [FLY]
A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard. He thought that passengers angry comments. [HAVE]
However, it seemed that all of were too shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes, Madam,’ said the pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we land or were we shot down?’ [THEY]
The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada. It between 1238 and 1358 at the end of
Muslim rule in Spain. Despite the development that followed the Christian conquest, it still looks like a medieval Moorish settlement. [BUILD]
Since the Middle Ages, the Alhambra as a remarkable example of a Spanish-Moorish town. As most fortresses of that time, it has a surrounding wall, but it looks fairly weak. [SURVIVE]
Later it the kings of Granada and was just supposed to offer nice views. [NOT/DEFEND]
Today, the Alhambra to be one of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture. [CONSIDER]
Задания 26-31
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31,
однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Задания 32-38
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 32 ____________________ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important. The ceremony turned 33 ______________________ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 34 ______________________ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford – as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year. We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 35 _____________________ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 36 _____________________ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 37 ___________________ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 38 __________________ was, “Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end.”
При выполнении заданий 32-38 вам поможет:
Методичка “Фразовые глаголы”
Задание 39
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Joan who writes:
… When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains? How do you protect yourself from bad weather?
I bought new shoes two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store …
Write a letter to Joan.
In your letter
– answer her questions
– ask 3 questions about her new shoes
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Как написать личное письмо на ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Задание 40
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выразите своё мнение
по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.
Comment on one of the following statements.
40.1 Exams motivate students to study harder.
40.2 It is better for children to grow up in the city.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given
statement);
– express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion;
– express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing
opinion;
– explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion;
– make a conclusion restating your position.
Вам помогут:
Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”
Курс эссе
Удачи на экзамене!