Environmental problems егэ ответы

Подробности

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Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 27 (part 2)

Water Pollution

B11	One of the most important environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water.	ENVIRONMENT
B12	Industrial pollution has made many sources of water undrinkable.	DRINK
B13	Thousands of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste in rivers by factories all over the world.	DUMP
B14	Lake Baikal is one of the world’s largest and most beautiful lakes. It contains a rich variety of fish and plants.	VARY
B15	However, they are being killed by the massive industrial waste, which some factories still pour into the lake every day. A few years ago people thought that the supply of clean water was limitless.	LIMIT
B16	Now clean water is scarce, and water protection has become a vital necessity for all people.	PROTECT

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Задания Д40 C2 № 883

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

1.  Some people think that you can master the language only if you study it abroad, in the native speaking environment.

2.  The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

1.  The speaker has some time to herself / himself at work.

2.  The speaker hasn’t given up the job because she / he likes dealing with customers.

3.  There is a growing need for the speaker’s services.

4.  Although the job is boring the speaker does it because it is wellpaid.

5.  The speaker enjoys her / his job although she / he doesn’t make good money.

6.  The speaker agrees to do any job because she / he needs money badly.

7.  The speaker likes the environment and the fact that she / he doesn’t have to work too quickly.

Расшифровка записи

Speaker A. I’ve got a part-time job, which I do in the evening and at weekends. It’s quite a nice job really. I walk my neighbour’s dog. She had a car accident a couple of months ago and still can’t get about very well, so she can’t do it herself. I don’t earn a lot, but I don’t mind because I really love the dog and I enjoy the exercise, except when it’s raining!

Speaker B. I earn some extra money at the weekend by cleaning cars at the local garage. The garage owner is a friend of my dad. I clean the cars which he has for sale on the forecourt. He wants them to look as smart as possible so he can get the best price. The work isn’t very interesting, but it’s quite well-paid. I can usually earn up to thirty pounds, if I work hard — I get paid for each car I clean.

Speaker C. I work in a fish and chip shop on Friday evening and all day Saturday. It’s a pretty terrible job really. It’s so hot and stuffy and my clothes smell of cooking oil even after they’ve been washed! However, the people who regularly come here to buy their favourite dish, are usually friendly and I can have a good laugh with them and talk to them. I think this is the main reason why I haven’t left the job.

Speaker D. I clean windows in my spare time. I started doing it about two years ago. First of all I did the houses near where I live. Most of the work I get is from people who see me cleaning. Luckily, at the present moment more and more people are calling me, asking if I could do their windows as well. I don’t have to advertise to get business. The good thing about the job is that you can do it whenever you feel like it. I like being my own boss.

Speaker E. I earn extra pocket money by babysitting. I do it most evenings for a neighbour. They have a two-year-old boy. He’s normally asleep when I arrive and he doesn’t often wake up during the evening. That’s great, because it means I can do my homework undisturbed. I don’t earn a lot- about three or four pounds for an evening, but it’s not really like work. If my neighbour doesn’t come home until very late — after midnight — I earn a lot more then.

Speaker F. I have a gardening job. I work for an old lady near where I live. She has a really beautiful garden surrounded by a high wall. She’s too old now to do any work herself, but she loves to have the garden looking beautiful. I normally work there on Sundays. The biggest job is cutting the grass. Unfortunately she doesn’t have an electric mower, so it’s quite hard work and takes a long time. I like being in the fresh air and working as fast as I want.

Образуйте от слова ROUTINE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Research indicates that schools in which homework is ______ assigned and systemically assessed tend to have higher achieving students, as learning is not confined to the schoolroom environment.

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Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово WE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

______ summer school provides a safe, stimulating environment for international students aged 11 to 16 to learn English, experience life in the UK and make strong friendships.

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Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KNOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Every student receives 15 hours of lessons each week from qualified and imaginative teachers. Evening activities give students the opportunity to relax after a long day and get ______ one another in a relaxed, multi-national environment.

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Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2013 по английскому языку, Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2012 по английскому языку

Задания Д40 C2 № 1941

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Changing image

For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _________________. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _________________ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _________________ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _________________, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E _________________ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F _________________.

1.  as well as resources on art, technology and drama

2.  as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

3.  who is sitting to determine exact measurements

4.  ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

5.  ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

6.  that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

7.  who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1.  Water-related diseases

2.  Personal measure

3.  Ways of using

4.  More than survival

5.  Physical characteristics

6.  Worrying statistics

7.  Hard to get

8.  Natural threats

A. Water is the most important resource for mankind. It is a condition for all life on our planet, a factor for any social and technological development, a possible source of welfare or misery, cooperation or conflict. 97 percent of it is undrinkable because it’s saltwater. Only 3 percent of the world’s water supply is fresh water, and 77 percent of that is frozen. Of the 23 percent that is not frozen, only a half a percent is available to supply everyone with all the water they need to survive.

B. Natural disasters like earthquakes, tornados, hurricanes and other types of incidents can disrupt drinking water and wastewater systems. Water consumers, water and wastewater utilities, and private well and septic owners should be informed on what to do in emergency. It is important to be prepared because drinking water and wastewater disruptions can directly threaten your health, the health of your family, and the health of your community.

C. Water security is about fighting poverty and hunger, and protecting the environment. It is about saving children from disease. It is about allowing girls to go to school instead of walking kilometers to fetch water. It is about providing women and men with access to sanitation, wherever they live. Fundamentally, it is about peace. When we talk about water security, we are really talking about human rights, human dignity, and the development of all societies.

D. Water is the only substance that occurs naturally as a solid (ice), a liquid and a gas (water vapor). It covers about 70 percent of the Earth for approximately 1,386 million cubic kilometers. In its purest form, it’s odorless, nearly colorless and tasteless. Water molecules are naturally attracted and stick to each other like magnets. This is the reason behind many of water’s special properties, such as the fact that it’s denser in its liquid state than in its solid state (ice floats on water).

E. You use water to clean yourself, your clothes, your dishes, your car and everything else around you. You can travel on it or jump in it to cool off on hot summer days. Many of the products that you use every day contain water or were manufactured using it. It seems pretty simple, and yet there are a lot of things about it that scientists still don’t fully understand.

F. Every day you lose water. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate need? The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake for men is roughly 3 liters a day. The intake for women is 2.2 liters a day. But in truth, your water needs depend on many factors, including your health, how active you are and where you live.

G. Around 1.1 billion people globally do not have access to clean water supply sources whereas 2.4 billion people do not have bathrooms with running water. About 2 million people die every year due to water-related diseases, most of them are children less than 5 years of age. The most affected are people in developing countries, living in extreme conditions of poverty.

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Образуйте от слова NATURAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Robots of the future

Robotic engineers are designing the next generation of robots to look, feel and act more human, to make it easier for us to warm up to a cold machine.

Realistic looking hair and skin with embedded sensors will allow robots to react __________ in their environment.

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Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.  Fun in theory, boring in reality

2.  Saving rare animals

3.  Deficit of activity problems

4.  Ready to help

5.  Similar sounds  — different emotions

6.  Benefits of being outdoors

7.  Contrary to popular belief

8.  Original style

A. In addition to being highly intelligent, elephants are capable of a remarkable amount of empathy. During a natural disaster, elephants are able to understand that something dangerous is happening. They can understand that a person is in

trouble and that the situation is unsafe. Elephants have good sense of smell and there have been cases when they alerted rescuers to people trapped in a building. Elephants have been observed saving their young from drowning and also been filmed trying to save people they see at risk of drowning.

B. A lot of studies suggest that green spaces enhance mental health and learning capacity, both immediately and over time, by lowering stress levels and restoring attention. Greenery restores attention by drawing the eye and at the same time calms the nervous system, creating an ideal state for learning. Similarly, studies show that spending time in the sunlight can reduce attention deficit symptoms, while bright light first thing in the morning can improve mood and the quality of sleep.

C. Why are hyenas known for laughing? There is even a phrase we use: “to laugh like a hyena”. Zoologists will tell you that the unique sounds they make are actually no laughing matter. Hyenas indeed make loud barking noises that sound like laughter, but it’s not because they’re amused by anything. Instead, a hyena’s “laughter” is actually a form of communication used to convey frustration, excitement, or fear. Most often, you’ll hear this unique vocalization during a hunt or when the animals are feeding on prey as a group.

D. Zoologists believe that boredom isn’t a uniquely human emotion  — animals can be bored, too. Animals which live in captivity (in zoos, for example) and don’t have to take care of their survival may experience boredom and try to find

ways to overcome it. They may come up with some “creative” activities which they wouldn’t normally do in their natural environment. As for the pets at home, they may also suffer from the lack of stimulation. That’s why we need to make sure we give them enough time, attention and toys regularly.

E. While most dogs jump eagerly into the water to swim, cats don’t usually do that, and many believe that cats have a phobia of water. But some pet groomers insist that it’s not true and getting a cat to trust you enough to bathe is quite possible, with some patience and skill. Most cats are not afraid of water like so many people may think. They are actually afraid of loud noises and of drowning, rather than water itself. Cats drink water every day, lots of cats even play with water or follow people into the shower.

F. Videogame testers spend most of their time testing the game long before it’s finished and long before it starts to become a fun experience. Even after the game is developed enough to start being fun, the testing tasks often aren’t

entertaining at all. Testers may have to walk their character around a forest, for example, to look for trees that aren’t drawn well. They then record the coordinates so an artist can fix them later. It’s monotonous work and can take days to finish. So if testing video games seems like a fun, easy job to you, think again.

G. Claude Monet’s impressionist paintings were all about nature. In his works he tried to capture nature as it appeared to him at the moment. He also experimented with light and shadow and how they changed during different times of the day. Some artists of the time criticized Monet because his works lacked detail and didn’t resemble finished paintings. Monet used strong colours, which he did not mix. He painted them onto the canvas in short brush strokes. He was also criticized for not using classical painting techniques.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A____________________ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B____________________. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____________________  — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____________________. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____________________ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____________________ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

1.  which are depicted on most souvenirs there

2.  so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

3.  who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

4.  which has the second largest concentration of

5.  to be a place of many water sources

6.  to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

7.  that makes it a place to visit when

Образуйте от слова DIFFER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Sneaky Snakes

Snakes are very good at hiding. Most snakes can camouflage themselves into their environment. That means they have

___________ colours and patterns on their bodies that allow them to look like things around them. This helps them hide

from their enemies and be sneaky when they are trying to catch something to eat.

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Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.  Building materials

2.  The longest on Earth

3.  Safe travel

4.  Designing a building

5.  Invented by accident

6.  Comfortable living

7.  How did they do it?

8.  Why seasons change

A. Most of Africa’s rural peoples use natural resources that are locally available for their homes. In grasslands, people typically use grass to cover the walls and roofs. In forested areas, they use hardwoods as well as bamboo and raffia palm. Earth and clay are also major resources used in construction. In areas with few natural resources, people often live as nomads, moving from place to place. Instead of making permanent homes, they usually use simple shelters or tents made of animal skins and woven hair.

B. An architect must consider how a structure will be used and by whom. An apartment building, a palace, a hospital, a museum, an airport, and a sports arena all have different construction requirements. Another factor is the ideas the structure should communicate. For example, some buildings are made to impress people with a display of power and wealth; others  — to make everyone feel welcome. Other things to consider are the location and surrounding environment, including weather, and the cost of materials.

C. Did you know that an eleven-year-old child first created the Popsicle? The boy’s name was Frank Epperson. In 1905, Frank left a mixture of water and powdered soda out on his porch by mistake. It also contained a stir stick. That night, fortunately for Frank, the temperatures fell to a record low. As a result, he discovered the substance had frozen to the stick, and a frozen fruit flavoured ice treat was created. He decided to call it the epsicle, which was later patented by him and named as Popsicle.

D. As Earth goes around the sun, the North Pole points to the same direction in space. For about six months every year, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere and more hours of daylight. During the other six months, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sunlight, it experiences spring and summer. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere gets autumn and winter.

E. In southern Peru, there is an isolated plateau where the wind almost never blows. Here, around the year 400 to 650 AD, the people of the Nazca culture created the famous Nazca lines, by removing the red stones covering the ground so that the white earth beneath was visible. These Nazca lines are actually portraits of animals such as monkeys, birds or fish. It is a mystery how such a primitive civilization could create such artwork with precision when they had no means of viewing their work from the air.

F. Antarctica, which is the southernmost and fifth largest continent, does not have twenty-four-hour periods divided into days and nights. In the South Pole, the sun rises on about September 21 and moves in a circular path until it sets on about March 22. This “day”, or summer, is six months long. During this period, if the weather conditions are good, the sun can be seen twenty-four hours a day. From March 22 until September 21, the South Pole is dark, and Antarctica has its “night”, or winter.

G. Any ship that hits an iceberg can be damaged. The most famous iceberg in history sank the “Titanic”, a ship travelling in the northern Atlantic Ocean, on April 15, 1912. The ship’s side scraped the iceberg, which tore holes in the hull. Within three hours, the ship was at the bottom of the ocean. After the loss of the “Titanic”, several nations worked together to establish the International Ice Patrol. Today the U.S. Coast Guard runs the patrol, which warns ships about icebergs floating in Atlantic shipping routes.

Because of the father’s job the boy had to

1)  visit UK air bases.

2)  change home three times a year..

3)  often change schools

4)  behave as a dreamer.

With his personal tutor the boy

1)  read a big book.

2)  did test items.

3)  answered her questions.

4)  learned how understand the tasks.

Failing the 11 plus exam meant that the boy

1)  was to enter a comprehensive.

2)  had to wait another year to retry

3)  was to study with rich kids.

4)  became a highest performing local boy.

What helped the boy to enter the public school?

1)  familiarity with the tests.

2)  his parents.

3)  his knowledge.

4)  keeping quiet.

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