Task 3
You are going to give a talk about environmental problems. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).
Remember to say:
- why people worry about environmental problems nowadays
- what the most serious environmental problem in the place where you live is
- what young people can do to improve the ecological situation
- what your attitude to environmental problems is
You have to talk continuously.
ОТВЕТЫ:
А — сложный
I’m going to give a talk about environmental problems.
People worry about environmental problems now because the Earth’s climate has already changed significantly. We all know about the global warming and the serious problems which it causes such as hurricanes, droughts and so on. The climate change makes us think more about the way we live now to save the planet for our children.
My region also has some environmental problems. There are different kinds of environmental pollution like air pollution, water pollution and land pollution here. Forests around the city are full of used bottles and cans. Such litter also can be found in rivers and lakes in my region.
Each and every one of us can do something for our environment. We can consume less, separate waste and do not waste water while brushing our teeth.
I think we should admit that environmental problems exist and start solving them as soon as possible.
That’s all that I wanted to tell you about environmental problems.
В — простой
I’m going to give a talk about environmental problems.
Earth’s climate has changed recently. That is why people started to worry about environmental problems. We all know about the global warming. It causes a lot of problems – hurricanes, for example.
My region also has some environmental problems. There are different kinds of environmental pollution like air pollution, water pollution and land pollution here. Forests around the city are full of used bottles and cans. Such litter also can be found in rivers and lakes in my region.
We all can do something for our environment. We can consume less, separate waste and do not waste water while brushing our teeth.
I think we should start solving environmental problems as soon as possible.
That’s all that I wanted to tell you about environmental problems.
Данная тема является частью онлайн-курса «Идеальный монолог ОГЭ»
Стоимость курса — 1000 рублей
Тексты по теме «Экология & Экологические проблемы» для активизации лексики при подготовке к экзамену. Тексты даются в порядке по возрастанию сложности. Предварительно рекомендуется повторить английские слова по теме «Ecology. Ecological Problems».
Содержание:
- Text №1 «Help wild animals»
- Text №2 «Climatic changes»
- Text №3 «Environmental problems» (for pre-intermediate)
- Text №4 «Green peace»
- Text №5 «Green fuel»
- Text №6 «Ecological problems»
- Text №7 «Protection of the environment in Russia»
- Text №8 «Environmental problems» (for upper-intermediate)
- Summary (Выводы)
- Questions
Texts on the topic «Ecologу. Ecological Problems»
Text 1. Help Wild Animals
I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.
White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.
All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals will become instinct.
Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals and birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.
There are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must take care of it.
Questions:
- How does the growth of cities influence nature?
- How can people help wild animals?
Text 2. Climatic Changes
Words:
- carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
- oxygen — кислород
- heat – тепло
- to get in — пропускать
- to get out — выпускать
Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
But recently the climate has changed a lot, especially in Europe. Scientists think that the reason is greenhouse effect. It is caused by carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. As you know, trees take this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn’t let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
Greenhouse effect is sometimes called global warming.
Questions:
- What is climate like?
- What do you know about greenhouse effect?
- What role does carbone dioxide play in the process of global warming?
Text 3. Environmental problems (for pre-intermediate)
Words:
- severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
- harmful substances — вредные вещества
We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and land are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a lot of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for great distances.
60% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.
Then we must remember that when we use aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.
The list of serious environmental problems can be continued …..
Questions:
- What kinds of pollution can you name?
- What is the main source of air pollution?
- What do you know about the ozone layer?
Text 4. Green Peace
Green Peace is an international environmental organization which fights against the pollution of the environment. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the environment is endangered. They always act fast.
The world knows about the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and work hard to create a nuclear-free world.
The activity of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don’t care about the future of the world.
Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who can’t take part in Green Peace actions directly support this organization with money.
Green Peace members are often called “greens”. The “greens” are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals.
Questions:
- How can we save the world’s wildlife?
- What do you know about Green Peace?
- Would you like to join the organization?
Text 5. Green Fuel
Words:
- fuel — топливо
- biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek’nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
- environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
- to derive from– получать, извлекать
- emission – выделение
- to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
- finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
- fossil – ископаемое
A new low-cost fuel is being developed by a biotechnology company. It is called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally friendly fuel for transport.
Butanol is derived from waste plant material (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.
It reduces not only CO2 emissions but also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.
The UK’s Minister for Science said: “The development of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global problem. We believe the UK must put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies.”
Questions:
- How can people save nature resources?
- What is the most promising fuel of the future?
- Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?
Text 6. Ecological Problems
Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment.
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his home. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resources of Nature had no end or limit.
With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can be found nowadays all over the world. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.
Vast forests are cut down everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.
The pollution of the air and the world’s oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other problems arising from men’s careless attitude to ecology.
Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the environment.
Questions to the text on ecological problems:
- Why are the wild animals in danger?
- What climatic changes are the most threatening?
- Is there any way to make our air cleaner
- What is Green Peace?
- What are the main ecological problems?
Text 7. Protection of the Environment in Russia
There are many big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country, that’s why we can’t ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. In Russia and former Soviet republics there are some areas where the environment is in poor state. It is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study man’s influence on the climate.
The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human life. If we don’t use chemicals in a proper way we’ll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that ‘s why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.
Now radiation has become one of the main problems. It is not good for health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy.
Another problem is earthquakes. We know some terrible earthquakes in the world. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them.
The people all over the world do everything to protect nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier. We need to haves laws and decisions on this important subject.
Text 8. Environmental problems (for upper-intermediate)
Words:
- exceptionally – исключительно
- interference – вмешательство
- degree — степень
- involve – вовлекать
- industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
- in addition to – в добавление к
- present — представлять
- a threat – угроза
- a source – источник
The present environmental problems have become exceptionally urgent. If many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment, today their interference in the Nature has reached such a degree that it becomes dangerous for their lives. And if the same tendencies remain for the next years, our planet will soon become uninhabited. The ecological problems are not the problems of a single isolated country. They are global in character and involve all countries in the world. The ecological problems have much in common. The main problem is pollution. It is not a secret that every year more and more industrial enterprises are built.
And they have a very bad effect on the environment. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink and the land that grain and vegetables grow on.
In addition to air pollution people upset the oxygen balance of our planet because people cut down forests and woods. One of the most dangerous things is radiation. There is a greаt number of nuclear power stations. They have many advantages for the industry, but they present a threat for the life.
Nature is a source of our life and destroying it we destroy ourselves. People forget that natural resources are not endless even though they seem unlimited. Nature has enough resources for the present generation. But their amount becomes less with every year. To protect nature is a duty of all people.
Я надеюсь, что данные тексты по теме «Ecology. Ecological problems» помогут вам подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку. Тексты взяты из разных источников.
Summary (Выводы:)
I. The main environmental problems are the source of the Man’s activity. They are water pollution, air pollution, land pollution and atmospheric change.
- Water pollution, which is caused by plants & factories, by testing nuclear weapons, dumping industrial waste.
ПРИМЕР. Thousands of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste.
- Air pollution, which is caused both by buses and cars and also by plants and factories.
ПРИМЕР. One of the effects of air pollution is acid rain. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the wide-spread death of forests in European mountains.
- Land pollution, which is caused by nuclear waste, dumps (свалки), dirty water, fertilizers, pesticides.
ПРИМЕР It is interesting to know that the main source of pollution are children under two years old, because every second a “pampers” is dumped.
- Atmospheric change which leads to climatic changes (because of the greenhouse effect), the increasing radiation from the sun (because the ozone layer is thinning).
Груды памперсов, скопились на Британских островах. Они не разлагаются в земле (процесс занимает около 100 лет) Чтобы бороться с этой проблемой, правительство стало доплачивать женщинам, которые пользуются обычными пеленками или бумажными подгузниками. Уже накопившиеся памперсы решили сжигать на специальных предприятиях. Ученые заверяют, что смогут уменьшить выбросы в атмосферу с помощью специальных очистных фильтров. Но стоит ли верить, что можно будет избежать загрязнения воздуха?
II. Nowadays there is a great risk of ecological disasters. It is nuclear pollution and leak of radiation.
- Nuclear pollution (=radioactive contamination), which is caused by nuclear power stations if they go wrong. Such nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power station suffered a fire, which causes radioactive contamination of a lot of regions. As a result many people died, those who had survived suffered terrible deceases till the end of their life.
- Leak of radiation as a result of improper nuclear-waste disposal (утечка радиации из-за неправильного захоронения ядерных отходов)
III. Destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty also takes place . The key problems are:
- mass-tourism — массовый туризм
- cutting down forests — вырубка
- poaching — браконьерство
People need wood for building furniture. Every day they use paper and cardboard, which is also made from wood. But every day some species (kinds) of animals and plants disappear from the Earth. It’s the result of the pollution air, land and water. Also some animals are hunted for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. More than that, cutting down trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply have no place to live as their habitats are destroyed.
Questions on the topic «Ecological problems»
- What can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What measures should be taken to protect nature?
- What can you personally do to help nature?
- Why is it dangerous to pollute land?
- What can pollution of air and water lead to?
- What can you say about global warming?
- What do you know about Green Peace?
- Why are the nuclear power stations so dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?
- Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
- What are the main ecological problems nowadays?
- What must people do to protect wild animals?
- Do you think that life was better in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?
- What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?
- What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
- What is the dramatic result of cutting down forests and woods?
- What would you suggest to attract people to the problems of pollution and ecology?
- What can you say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?
- What does nature give to man?
- How is the problem solved today?
- Is acid rain damaging to nature?
- What do you know about radioactive contamination of environment?
- Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?
- What cause the “greenhouse effect”?
- Has anything been done to solve ecological problems?
- What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?
- Where does the carbon dioxide come from?
ОТВЕТЫ:
1. What can common people do to protect nature?
- to stop pollution ( use filters, recycle waste, develop new technologies)
- to save natural resources
- to take care of nature ( not to cut down forests, etc.)
People must do something! For example, to protect water people make special filters and air purifiers. People must collect waste properly so it does not get into water or land and also recycle. There is a good formula of RRR. It is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
But I think the best solution is to develop technologies which produce no waste. There are also some alternatives to cleaners and pesticides, soda, for example. Also solar energy can be used instead of fossil fuels (ископаемое топливо).
People also should not cut down forests and other plants. To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wildlife reservations.
Nuclear bombs testing must be stopped to prevent radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.
2. What can you personally do to help nature?
To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Man should stop taking everything he needs. It is good that at last people start to realize that they should keep air and water clean. Efforts are made to reduce pollution from automobile engines. What can we common people do? I think the first and the simplest thing is to keep our environment clean, clear away the rubbish after yourselves, be careful with the fire. The other thing that we should cultivate a sense of duty in our children, in our youth to take care of our nature, our planet.
We can reduce the usage of electricity and drinking water. For example, when you clean your teeth and let the water run, you lose two or three liters of water. Now multiply 3 liters by the number of people in our city and you will see that it is a lot. But we can stop it if we switch off the water. We can reduce the usage of packing and buying things in plastic packs. It is important because it is very difficult to recycle plastic. If we reuse plastic bags, the factories will produce less of them and will harm Nature less.
In short: I can reduce the usage of gas, electricity and water. I can reuse many things (clothes, for example), paper, bottles.
3. Why is it dangerous to pollute land?
We eat plants, but if the land is polluted, the plants become poisonous. If we eat them, we ruin our health. The same is with water.
4. What can pollution of air and water lead to?
4. What can you say about global warming?
Over the past two decades the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere has gradually increased. Global warming is one of the climatic effects of polluted air. It worries a lot of people. If the temperature rises, the Arctic ice will melt and cover the land.
5. What do you know about Green Peace?
Green Peace organizes campaigns to protect Nature. See Text №4
6. Why are the nuclear power stations so dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?
Nuclear power stations can went wrong and cause the radioactive contamination of the environment. Everyone remembers Chernobyl’s disaster. There was a nuclear accident in 1986. Many people died from radiation there. Those who had survived suffered from terrible deceases for the rest of their lives.
7. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
They produce oxygen and give home for wild animals.
8. What are the main ecological problems nowadays?
See the summary.
9. What must people do to protect wild animals?
To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild life reservations.
10. Do you think that life was better in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?
11. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?
The ecological balance of our planet will be broken. If pollution and contamination of land, water and air continues the damage caused by this to nature may become irreversible. If people carry on like this, the world will eventually run out of energy, fresh air and clean water. It can bring to the extermination of the people, and turning the whole planet into either a desert or the North Pole. People couldn’t walk without special masks and had to buy air to breathe. It would be a disaster.
13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
14. What is the dramatic result of cutting down forests and woods?
15. What would you suggest to attract people to the problems of pollution and ecology?
16. What can you say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?
Yes, the problem of protection the nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate land, water and air. If it continues the damage may become irreversible. People have always polluted their surroundings. But it was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space for people to live. Nowadays with the rise of advanced technology, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increase of human populations pollution has become a universal problem. The price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed.
17. What does nature give to man?
See text №6.
18. How is the problem solved today?
There are some anti-pollution organizations. The most famous of them is Green peace.
The mass media often campaign against different acts of polluting nature. Numerous anti-pollution acts are passed in different countries.
19. Is acid rain damaging to nature?
One of the effects of air pollution is acid rain. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the wide-spread death of forests in European mountains.
20. What do you know about radioactive contamination of environment?
Radioactive materials from nuclear weapons could cause serious damage to environment.
Another concern is accidents at nuclear power plants. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Kiev suffered a fire, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.
21. Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?
The disappearance of some species is the result of the pollution air, land and water. City and industrial waters, chemicals and fertilizers endanger fish in the lakes, rivers and ponds. Moreover some animals were exterminated (истреблены) because of people greediness.
These animals were hunted for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. Also cutting down trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply have no place to live.
22. What cause the “greenhouse effect”?
The “greenhouse effect” is caused by carbon dioxide, which prevents heat from escaping. Global warming or the “greenhouse effect” can cause melting of the polar ice, raising of the sea level and flooding of the coast areas of the world.
23. Has anything been done to solve ecological problems?
In recent years people have understood the necessity of protecting natural resources and wildlife. It becomes clear that to keep air and water clean, strict pollution control is necessary. Numerous pollution acts passed in different countries. This led to considerable improvements. In many countries measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil contamination, purifying systems for industrial water have been installed. Reservations and national parks for wild animals and undisturbed nature are being developed in some parts of the world.
24. What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?
It protects the Earth from space radiation. It is being destroyed because through many process poisonous gases are thrown out into the air.
25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?
- We produce it when we burn things.
- People and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
- Trees take this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.
In recent years the number of environmental problems has increased greatly. One of the most dangerous problems for our planet is global warming which means that most climates all over the world are changing and getting warmer. It happens because we burn too much petrol resources, such as oil and coal, and the Earth heats up. This process can cause melting of the polar ice and the sea level rising in the future. If the climate changes there will be floods, heavy storms or severe droughts in different areas of the world. Cutting down on exhaust fumes from vehicles could help solve this serious problem.
Our planet is overpopulated, that’s why we are using up our natural resources – they are not endless. So the scientists have started looking for some alternate forms of energy such as water, wind, sunlight and even tides. These resources are clean, natural and unlimited. I’m glad that modern automobile industries make hybrids which use electric or solar energy instead of petrol. It would definitely help protect our environment from pollution.
There are different kinds of environmental pollution: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution. Sadly, not all human beings realize or admit that we are the ones who cause these problems and we should be the first to stop them and protect our environment. Because of the industrial revolution the air is polluted with awful chemicals; seas and oceans are poisoned with oil spills. Many rare species of flora and fauna are threatened with extinction.
We should be proud to live on our wonderful planet and understand that the consequences of pollution might be terrible and affect us and our children later. We should start recycling things made of glass, paper, plastic and aluminium. We should stop smoking and plant as many trees as we can because they can give us more oxygen. We need to drive less and use public transport in order to reduce fuel burning. We are responsible for the situation.
Перевод
Проблемы окружающей среды
В последние годы число проблем окружающей среды сильно возросло. Одной из самых опасных проблем для нашей планеты является глобальное потепление, которое означает изменение климата по всему миру и его потепление. Это происходит оттого, что мы сжигаем слишком много топливных ресурсов, таких как нефть и уголь, и Земля нагревается. Этот процесс может привести к таянию полярного льда и повышению уровня моря в будущем. Если изменится климат, произойдут наводнения, сильные штормы или жестокие засухи в разных частях света. Сокращение выхлопных газов транспортных средств могло бы способствовать разрешению этой серьезной проблемы.
Наша планета перенаселена, поэтому мы расходуем до предела наши природные ресурсы – они не бесконечны. Так ученые приступили к поискам альтернативных форм энергии, таких как вода, ветер, солнечный свет и даже приливы. Эти источники чисты, естественны и бесконечны. Я рад, что современная автомобильная промышленность выпускает гибриды, использующие электрическую или солнечную энергию вместо бензина. Это обязательно поможет защите нашей среды от загрязнения.
Существуют разные виды загрязнения окружающей среды: загрязнение воздуха, воды и почвы. К сожалению, не все люди осознают или признают, что именно мы создаем эти проблемы, и мы должны быть первыми, кто остановит их и защитит наше окружение. Из-за промышленной революции воздух загрязнен ужасными химикатами; моря и океаны отравлены разливами нефти. Многие редкие виды флоры и фауны находятся под угрозой вымирания.
Нам нужно гордиться тем, что мы живем на нашей замечательной планете, и следует понимать, что последствия загрязнения могут быть страшными и воздействовать на нас и наших детей позже. Нам нужно перерабатывать изделия из стекла, бумаги, пластика и алюминия. Нужно бросать курить и сажать как можно больше деревьев для того, чтобы они вырабатывали для нас больше кислорода. Мы должны меньше водить машины и стараться пользоваться общественным транспортом, чтобы снизить количество сжигаемого топлива. Мы ответственны за ситуацию.
Тема «Проблемы окружающей среды» (Environmental problems) — 4.6 out of
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- Подробности
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19476
| Essay Sample 3 | |
|
Марк Харрисон |
Comment on the following statement: |
| Some people say that damage to the environment is the biggest problem facing the world. However, other people say that there are other problems that are more important. | |
|
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? |
Some people think that environmental problems are the most dangerous whereas others don’t agree.
I think that nowadays environmental catastrophe is the biggest threat. First of all, global worming can bring us a lot of troubles. If the ice melts, a lot of countries will be flooded. Second, Ozone holes can cause the death of a lot of lands. Also bad food, air and water can be the reason of various diseases.
At the same time there are people who say that overpopulation, lack of food and nuclear war can be even more dangerous.
In my opinion these people have a point. These threats can kill our planet too. Nevertheless, they are easier to control than environmental problems. Nuclear moratorium, new technologies allow us to solve these problems.
In conclusion I’d like to say that if we weigh all the facts that say that danger to the environment is the biggest problem against the ones that support other threats, we’ll see that the facts that support the statement outweigh those against.
Read by Neil Geitz
Очень часто в школах задают делать проекты на темы, связанные с окружающей средой. В английском нередко задают писать сочинения на тему «Environmental Protection» или «Environment Problems».
В этой статье будет описано как правильно писать такие эссе про окружающую среду и экологию, будет представлена необходимая лексика и несколько примеров таких топиков с переводом.
Содержание
- Как писать топик на тему «Environmental Protection»
- Лексика на тему «Environment»
- Пример топика №1
- Пример топика №2
Такие эссе редко задают писать начальным классам, а вот для средних и старших классов это обычная тема. Как и в любом другом сочинении, так и в топике про окружающую среду, в английском языке должно быть три части: вступление, основная часть и заключение.
- Первую часть необходимо начать с общей фразы, чтобы дать читателю понять, о чем будет написано в этом сочинении. Также можно высказать своё мнение по отношению к какому-либо вопросу. Последнее предложение вступления должно быть связующим звеном с основной частью.
- Основную часть эссе можно разделить на несколько параграфов. Например, в первом вы пишите о какой-либо проблеме и подробно её описываете, а во втором пишите о путях решения этой проблемы. А если вы ходите в эссе затронуть несколько экологических вопросов, тогда можно их также распределить по параграфам. Например, в первом о глобальном потеплении и о том, как его предотвратить, во втором о загрязнении воды и воздуха, в третьем о браконьерстве и т.п.
- Заключительная часть – это вывод, подведение итогов всего вышесказанного. Также можно завершить эссе общей фразой о том, что важно защищать окружающую среду и аргументировать это.
Лексика на тему «Environment»
Английская лексика на тему «Окружающая среда»:
| Vocabulary | Transcription | Translation |
| Absorption | |əbˈzɔːpʃ(ə)n| | Поглощение |
| Acid rain | |ˈæsɪd| |reɪn| | Кислотный дождь |
| Animals | |ˈænɪməlz| | Животные |
| Atmosphere | |ˈætməsfɪə| | Атмосфера |
| Biosphere | |ˈbaɪə(ʊ)sfɪə| | Биосфера |
| Carbon dioxide | |ˈkɑːb(ə)n| |daɪˈɒksaɪd| | Углекислый газ |
| Chemicals | |ˈkemɪkəlz| | Химикаты |
| Condition | |kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n| | Условие |
| Conservation | |kɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n| | Охрана окружающей среды |
| Consequence | |ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns| | Последствие |
| Damage | |ˈdæmɪdʒ| | Вред, урон, повреждение |
| Dam | |dæm| | Дамба, плотина |
| Deforestation | |ˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n| | Вырубка лесов |
| Depletion | |dɪˈpliːʃn| | Истощение |
| Desertification | |deˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n| | Опустынивание |
| Destruction | |dɪˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n| | Уничтожение, разрушение |
| Disappearance | |dɪsəˈpɪərəns| | Исчезновение |
| Disaster | |dɪˈzɑːstə| | Катастрофа |
| Drought | |draʊt| | Засуха |
| Dump | |dʌmp| | Свалка |
| Earthquake | |ˈɜːθkweɪk| | Землетрясение |
| Ecosystem | |ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm| | Экосистема |
| Effluent | |ˈeflʊənt| | Сток, сточные воды |
| Emission | |ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n| | Выброс |
| Environment | |ɪnˈvaɪrənm(ə)nt| | Окружающая среда |
| Exhaust fumes | |ɪɡˈzɔːst| |fjuːmz| | Выхлопные газы |
| Factory | |ˈfækt(ə)rɪ| | Завод, фабрика |
| Fertilizer | |ˈfɜːtɪlaɪzə| | Удобрения |
| Flooding | |ˈflʌdɪŋ| | Наводнение |
| Forest | |ˈfɒrɪst| | Лес, заповедник |
| Fume | |fjuːm| | Дым, пар |
| Green belt | |ɡriːn| |belt| | Полоса зеленых насаждений |
| Greenhouse effect | |ˈɡriːnhaʊs| |ɪˈfekt| | Парниковый эффект |
| Habitat | |ˈhæbɪtæt| | Среда обитания |
| Hazardous wastes | |ˈhæzədəs| |weɪsts| | Опасные отходы |
| Herbicide | |ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd| | Гербицид |
| Hurricane | |ˈhʌrɪk(ə)n| | Ураган |
| Incineration | |ɪnsɪnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n| | Сжигание |
| Installation | |ɪnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n| | Установка |
| Measure | |ˈmeʒə| | Мера |
| Oil slick | |ɔɪl| |slɪk| | Нефтяная пленка |
| Oxygen | |ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n| | Кислород |
| Ozone hole | |ˈəʊzəʊn| |həʊl| | Озоновая дыра |
| Ozone layer | |ˈəʊzəʊn| |ˈleɪə| | Озоновый слой |
| Permafrost | |ˈpɜːməfrɒst| | Вечная мерзлота |
| Pesticide | |ˈpestɪsaɪd| | Пестицид |
| Poaching | |ˈpəʊtʃɪŋ| | Браконьерство |
| Pollution | |pəˈluːʃ(ə)n| | Загрязнение |
| Preserve | |prɪˈzɜːv| | Заповедник |
| Protection | |prəˈtekʃ(ə)n| | Защита, охрана |
| Prevention | |prɪˈvenʃn| | Предупреждение |
| Radioactive wastes | |ˌreɪdɪəʊˈæktɪv| |weɪsts| | Радиоактивные отходы |
| Recycling | |ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ| | Переработка |
| Reduction | |rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n| | Сокращение, уменьшение |
| Renewable energy | |rɪˈnjuːəbəl| |ˈenədʒɪ| | Возобновляемая энергия |
| Reservoir | |ˈrezəvwɑː| | Водохранилище |
| Resource | |rɪˈsɔːs| | Ресурс |
| Salinity | |səˈlɪnɪtɪ| | Соленость |
| Sanctuary | |ˈsæŋ(k)tjʊərɪ| | Заповедник |
| Sediment | |ˈsedɪm(ə)nt| | Осадки |
| Sewage | |ˈsuːɪdʒ| | Сточные воды, нечистоты |
| Soil | |sɔɪl| | Почва |
| Source | |sɔːs| | Источник |
| Species | |ˈspiːʃiːz| | Виды |
| Surrounding | |səˈraʊndɪŋ| | Окружение |
| Timber | |ˈtɪmbə| | Лесоматериалы |
| Tree | |triː| | Дерево |
| Under the threat | |ˈʌndə| |θret| | Под угрозой |
| Wastes | |weɪsts| | Отходы |
| Wildlife | |ˈwaɪl(d)laɪf| | Живая природа |
Рекомендуем: животные на английском для детей
Пример топика №1
Проблемы окружающей среды на английском:
It is generally known that today there exist big problems with the environment which must be solved. Personally, I am sure that we, as inhabitants of planet Earth, must respect and protect the surrounding nature. Let me introduce you some environmental problems and measures to prevent them.
Firstly, one of the main problems of mankind is the pollution of water, air and soil from factories. Every day, they release a huge amount of harmful chemicals that enter the air, water and soil, and then into our body. To avoid diseases caused by these chemicals, we must take action. For example, in factories, filters must be installed to separate harmful substances.
Secondly, deforestation is a problem of great importance. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thus giving us clean air to breathe. In addition, trees are home to many animals, and by cutting them down, we deprive them of their homes. In order not to disturb the ecological balance, only old dry trees should be cut down, but at the same time new ones should be planted instead.
Then, another significant problem is poaching. Many species of animals have long been destroyed because of the composure and cruelty of man, and in fact they are the same living beings like man himself. This problem can only be solved by huge fines and punishments, or by the suggestion that it is wrong.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the state of the surrounding depends only on man and his actions, therefore we must try to protect our nature in order to prevent its destruction.
Перевод:
Общеизвестно, что сегодня есть большие проблемы с окружающей средой, которые необходимо решать. Лично я уверен, что мы, жители планеты Земля, должны уважать и беречь окружающую природу. Позвольте мне представить вам несколько экологических проблем и меры по их предотвращению.
Во-первых, одна из главных проблем человечества – это загрязнение воды, воздуха и почвы заводами. Каждый день они выделяют огромное количество вредных химических веществ, которые попадают в воздух, воду и почву, а затем в наш организм. Чтобы избежать болезней, вызываемых этими химическими веществами, мы должны принять меры. Например, на заводах необходимо устанавливать фильтры для отделения вредных веществ.
Во-вторых, большое значение имеет вырубка лесов. Деревья поглощают углекислый газ и выделяют кислород, давая нам возможность дышать чистым воздухом. Кроме того, деревья являются домом для многих животных, и, вырубая их, мы лишаем их жилища. Чтобы не нарушать экологический баланс, нужно вырубать только старые засохшие деревья, но при этом вместо них высаживать новые.
Далее, еще одна важная проблема – браконьерство. Многие виды животных давно были уничтожены из-за хладнокровия и жестокости человека, и на самом деле они такие же живые существа, как и сам человек. Решить эту проблему можно только огромными штрафами и наказаниями или внушением, что это неправильно.
В заключение хочу сказать, что состояние окружающей среды зависит только от человека и его действий, поэтому мы должны постараться защитить свою природу, чтобы не допустить ее разрушения.
Пример топика №2
Сочинение про окружающую среду на английском языке:
Let me begin my essay by saying that the state of our health directly depends on the state of our nature and of our environment. Personally, I think that we need to keep the surrounding clean because this is our home and we must to have care about it. Let me present you some ideas in connection with recent climate changes, especially global warming, its consequences and its conditions.
Firstly, global warming is a long-term increase of the average temperature of the Earth’s climate. The reason of this phenomenon is human activities, namely the exhaust gases of cars and factories and burning chemicals. This can be fatal to the whole world, for example, this appearance can destroy a favourable habitat for animals and they can die. It causes diseases in animals and people and annihilate our health.
Secondly, it is our responsibility to prevent destruction of climate and nature and to protect the environment. For instance, it is necessary to stop burning fuel or to switch on biofuel. We must seed the oceans with algae because they contribute to the greatest absorption of carbon dioxide and realise of oxygen. Moreover, we should have care about Mother Nature because she helps us to exist longer and happier.
Taking everything into account, I would like to say that if we want to live our lives as happy as possible, we need to keep our surrounding clean and carefully monitor its condition.
Перевод:
Позвольте мне начать свое эссе с того, что состояние нашего здоровья напрямую зависит от состояния нашей природы и окружающей среды. Лично я считаю, что нам нужно поддерживать чистоту вокруг, потому что это наш дом, и мы должны заботиться о нем. Позвольте мне представить вам некоторые идеи в связи с недавними изменениями климата, особенно с глобальным потеплением, его последствиями и условиями.
Во-первых, глобальное потепление — это долгосрочное повышение средней температуры климата Земли. Причина этого явления — деятельность человека, а именно выхлопные газы машин и заводов и сжигание химикатов. Это может быть пагубным для всего мира, например, такое появление может разрушить благоприятную среду обитания для животных, и они могут погибнуть. Оно вызывает болезни у животных и людей и разрушает наше здоровье.
Во-вторых, мы обязаны предотвращать разрушение климата и природы и защищать окружающую среду. Например, необходимо прекратить сжигание топлива или перейти на биотопливо. Мы должны засеять океаны водорослями, потому что они способствуют наибольшему поглощению углекислого газа и выделению кислорода. Более того, мы должны заботиться о Матери-природе, потому что она помогает нам существовать дольше и счастливее.
Принимая все во внимание, хочу сказать, что, если мы хотим прожить свою жизнь как можно более счастливыми, нам необходимо содержать в чистоте свое окружение и внимательно следить за его состоянием.
Изучая английский язык, нужно уметь писать сочинения на любую тему, так как это может быть полезно на экзаменах и даже в повседневной жизни. Написать топик на тему «Environmental Protection» («Защита окружающей среды») достаточно легко, если знать структуру написания эссе и иметь достаточный словарный запас.
При написании своего эссе, вы можете воспользоваться идеями, представленными в примерах, либо придумать самостоятельно.
Рассказ о проблемах окружающей среды на английской языке языке c переводом на русский. Английский текст на тему экологии дается с переводом на русский язык.
Вы можете использовать данный текст как образец, чтобы написать собственный рассказ или сочинение на урок или в качестве домашнего задания.
| The planet is facing a wide range of environmental problems that threaten the health and well-being of both people and the natural world. These issues are complex and interconnected, and require urgent action to address. | Планета сталкивается с широким спектром экологических проблем, которые угрожают здоровью и благополучию как людей, так и мира природы. Эти проблемы сложны и взаимосвязаны и требуют безотлагательных действий для их решения. |
| One of the most pressing environmental problems is climate change, which is caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Climate change is causing rising sea levels, more frequent and severe natural disasters, and disruptions to ecosystems and the global economy. To combat climate change, we need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and invest in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. | Одной из самых насущных экологических проблем является изменение климата, вызванное деятельностью человека, такой как сжигание ископаемого топлива и вырубка лесов. Изменение климата вызывает повышение уровня моря, более частые и серьезные стихийные бедствия, а также нарушение экосистем и мировой экономики. Для борьбы с изменением климата нам необходимо уменьшить нашу зависимость от ископаемого топлива и инвестировать в возобновляемые источники энергии, такие как солнечная энергия и энергия ветра. |
| Another major environmental problem is deforestation, which is happening at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. Deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and increased carbon emissions, which exacerbate climate change. To address this problem, we need to protect and restore forests, and promote sustainable practices in agriculture and land use. | Еще одной серьезной экологической проблемой является вырубка лесов, которая происходит угрожающими темпами во многих частях мира. Вырубка лесов приводит к утрате биоразнообразия, эрозии почвы и увеличению выбросов углерода, что усугубляет изменение климата. Для решения этой проблемы нам необходимо защищать и восстанавливать леса, а также продвигать устойчивые методы ведения сельского хозяйства и землепользования. |
| Pollution is also a major environmental problem, affecting air, water, and soil quality. Air pollution is linked to respiratory diseases, while water pollution can harm aquatic ecosystems and pose a threat to human health. Soil pollution can lead to reduced agricultural productivity and soil degradation. To tackle pollution, we need to adopt cleaner technologies and enforce stricter regulations on industrial emissions and waste disposal. | Загрязнение также является серьезной экологической проблемой, влияющей на качество воздуха, воды и почвы. Загрязнение воздуха связано с респираторными заболеваниями, а загрязнение воды может нанести вред водным экосистемам и создать угрозу для здоровья человека. Загрязнение почвы может привести к снижению продуктивности сельского хозяйства и деградации почвы. Чтобы бороться с загрязнением, нам необходимо внедрить более чистые технологии и ввести более строгие правила в отношении промышленных выбросов и удаления отходов. |
| Loss of biodiversity is another critical environmental problem, with many species facing extinction due to habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Biodiversity loss can lead to imbalances in ecosystems and reduce the resilience of natural systems. To address this issue, we need to protect and restore habitats, and promote sustainable practices that minimize the impact of human activities on natural systems. | Утрата биоразнообразия является еще одной серьезной экологической проблемой, поскольку многие виды находятся на грани исчезновения из-за разрушения среды обитания, загрязнения и изменения климата. Утрата биоразнообразия может привести к дисбалансу в экосистемах и снизить устойчивость природных систем. Чтобы решить эту проблему, нам необходимо защищать и восстанавливать среду обитания, а также продвигать устойчивые методы, сводящие к минимуму воздействие деятельности человека на природные системы. |
| In conclusion, environmental problems are among the most pressing issues facing humanity today. Addressing these problems will require a collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals to promote sustainable practices and protect the natural world. We must take urgent action to mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment and safeguard the health and well-being of future generations. | В заключение, экологические проблемы являются одними из самых насущных проблем, стоящих перед человечеством сегодня. Для решения этих проблем потребуются коллективные усилия правительств, предприятий и отдельных лиц для продвижения устойчивых методов и защиты мира природы. Мы должны принять срочные меры, чтобы смягчить воздействие деятельности человека на окружающую среду и защитить здоровье и благополучие будущих поколений. |
Дорогой ученик! В этом материале подготовлен рассказ про проблемы окружающей среды. Под английским текстом есть перевод на русский язык.
Our environment is constantly changing. This is the fact we cannot deny. Today humanity is facing numerous environmental problems. If we do not pay attention to these problems right now, we may face even bigger natural disasters in the future.
1. Air pollution |
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Air pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Hazardous atmospheric emissions have increased with the development of industry and transport. Air in big cities is a lot more polluted than air in the countryside. In 1997 many countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in an effort to fight air pollution. |
2. Global warming |
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Global warming is the result of human activity. The industrial development causes the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. That means that air on our planet is getting hotter. This results in such consequences as raising of water level in the World ocean and changes in agricultural productivity. |
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3. Water pollution |
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Water pollution is another serious problem. Plants and factories release harmful substances not only into the air but into the natural reservoirs, too. As a result of that, animals and plants lose their habitat, and people suffer from the shortage of high-quality drinking water. |
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4. Loss of biodiversity |
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Lately, animal world and plant kingdom of our planet have been at serious risk as human activity endangers their serene existence. Ecosystems play an important role and preserving biodiversity is vital for our planet. Extermination of animals and carelessness towards plants must be prevented. |
5. Human overpopulation |
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It is well known that our planet is overpopulated. This depletes natural resources. Some countries already suffer from scarcity of water, food and fuel. Our mission is to act towards natural resources with care and use them efficiently. |
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6. Deforestation |
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Today forests cover about 30% of land. Every year this figure decreases more and more. People clear new territories for residential buildings, new plants and factories. We must realize that deforestation causes the extinction of animals and plants. |
Перевод на русский язык
Окружающая нас среда постоянно меняется. Мы не можем отрицать этот факт. Сегодня человечество сталкивается со множеством экологических проблем. Если вовремя не обратить на них внимания, мы рискуем столкнуться с гораздо более серьезными бедствиями в будущем.
1. Загрязнение атмосферы |
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Загрязнение атмосферы является одной из наиболее насущных проблем окружающей среды. С развитием промышленности и транспорта увеличились выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу. В больших городах воздух намного грязнее, чем в сельской местности. В целях борьбы с загрязнением атмосферы многими странами в 1997 году был подписан Киотский протокол. |
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2. Глобальное потепление |
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Глобальное потепление является результатом деятельности человека. Развитие промышленности приводит к выбросу вредных веществ в атмосферу. Это значит, что воздух на нашей планете нагревается. Это приводит к таким последствиям, как повышение уровня воды Мирового океана и изменение в производительности сельского хозяйства. |
3. Загрязнение воды |
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Загрязнение воды – еще одна серьезная проблема. Заводы и фабрики выбрасывают вредные вещества не только в атмосферу, но и в природные водоемы. В результате животные и растения лишаются среды обитания, а люди страдают от нехватки качественной пресной воды. |
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4. Потеря биоразнообразия |
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В последнее время животный и растительный мир нашей планеты находятся в серьезной опасности, так как деятельность человека угрожает их спокойному существованию. Экосистемы играют важную роль, и сохранение биоразнообразия чрезвычайно важно для нашей планеты. Необходимо предотвратить истребление животных и беззаботное отношение к растениям. |
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5. Перенаселение |
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Известно, что наша планета сильно перенаселена. Это приводит к истощению природных ресурсов. В некоторых странах остро ощущается нехватка воды, питания и топлива. Наша задача – бережно относиться к природным ресурсам и рационально их использовать. |
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6. Вырубка лесов |
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На сегодняшний день около 30% поверхности земли покрыто лесами. С каждым годом их становится все меньше. Человек вырубает леса, освобождая площадь под строительство новых домов, заводов и предприятий. Мы должны задуматься о том, что вырубка лесов приводит к вымиранию животных и исчезновению растений. |