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Some people think that extreme sports are safe enough, whereas others do not agree. They consider them extremely dangerous.

I think that extreme sports are quite safe. First of all, they help to develop particular skills to feel safe in diverse situations. These particular skills are attention, good reflexes, balance and so on. Second, sports like car racing or jumping from huge cliffs take a lot of preparation not to make a fatal mistake. If people follow all the instructions they are totally safe.

At the same time there are people who say that all extreme sports can hurt one’s health and they have to be forbidden. A lot of people have lost their lives doing these sports.

Well, one can hurt his health doing any sport. It does not mean that people should give up exercising because of some potential danger. Over exercising, can also lead to serious traumas no mater what you do. Nevertheless, if people follow all the instructions, they will usually be quite safe.

In conclusion, I would like to say that there are a lot of unsafe things around and extreme sports are not an exception. I do not think that a person can avoid all dangerous situations in his or her life. Thus, I strongly believe that it is better to be prepared for them and extreme sports can help people with it.

or

In conclusion, I would like to say that there are opposing views on this issue. At first sight extreme sports seem dangerous for live but in actual fact they can teach one how to behave in extreme situations. Thus, I strongly believe that it is better to be prepared for them and extreme sports can help people with it.

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Задание С2.

 С2– Эссе или, если проще, сочинение объемом 200 – 265 слов.
Сочинение – одна из важнейших частей экзамена. Во-первых, за это задание довольно высокий максимальный балл — 14, что может существенно изменить итоговую оценку. Во-вторых, в сочинении все зависит только от экзаменуемого – можно выражать свое мнение простым и понятным языком, используя те лексические и грамматические конструкции, которые студент хорошо знает.
Сначала давайте ознакомимся с форматом эссе. На сегодняшний день в ЕГЭ присутствует только так называемое opinion essay, то есть сочинение, в котором нужно выразить свое мнение и аргументировать его.
Итак, «рыба» ЕГЭ.

1 параграф   — вступительные фразы – перефразирование основной идеи заявленной темы другими словами.2 параграф — выражение своего мнения и два –три аргумента в поддержку их мнений (можно два, но три лучше).3 параграф — выражение мнений других людей     и два аргумента в поддержку этого мнения.4 параграф — выражение несогласия с каждым мнением и аргументация этих пунктов5 параграф – заключение (выражение своих взглядов еще раз другими словами).

В таком виде шаблон может быть не до конца понятен, поэтому рассмотрим, как это работает, на конкретном примере.
Вот так будет выглядеть ваше задание на экзамене. Вам предложено утверждение и план, по которому нужно выразить свое мнение.

You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem)
− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position

Для начала нужно определить, согласны ли мы с данным утверждением . Если да, то нужно подготовить 3 мнения в поддержку этого утверждения и 2 против. После чего, внимательно прочитав мнения «против», придумать еще два аргумента «за»», которые одновременно опровергают аргументы «против».

Предположим, что мы согласны с тем, что Extreme sports help to build the character. Придумываем аргументы «за» и располагаем их от сильного к слабому:

1.to do extreme sport you should be really brave

2.extreme sports are usually connected with high speed, which means you need to be able to make decisions fast

3.extreme sports demand skills and stamina which can only be achieved by constant trainings , and that is also a part of building a character.

Итак, три мнения у нас есть. Нужно убедиться , не повторяют ли они друг друга. Следующий этап – отслеживаем повторы. Так как мы пишем об экстремальном спорте, то в каждом нашем аргументе мы используем выражение extreme sports. Подумаем, как можно заменить это выражение. Например, risky sports, dangerous activities.

Следующий момент – выбор лексики. Если вы можете использовать идиомы, это украсит вашу работу и улучшит общее впечатление. Например, можно заменить фразу extreme sports are usually connected with high speed на high speed is part and parcel of dangerous sports.

Еще один плюс – использование длинных (но не мудреных) предложений, соединенных словами which, that, where, when и т.д., как в аргументах 2 и 3.

Переходим к аргументам «против».

1.Those who do extreme sports are often careless and selfish. They don’t think about their families and friends.

2.Extreme sports give you adrenaline, and you can’t live without that.

Выразим то же самое боле красиво, использую сложные предложения и конструкции и стараясь избегать повторов.

1.People, who do dangerous sports, are often rather careless, as they risk their lives without thinking of their families or friends

2.Risly sports are all about adrenaline, and people get addicted to it and can’t replace it with any other activities.

Теперь нас ждет самая сложная задача – выразить несогласия с этими двумя позициями и аргументировать свое мнение. Делать это нужно в том же порядке, в котором идут аргументы, то есть, сначала выражаем несогласие с мнением 1, и только потом – с мнением 2.

1. A lot of extreme sports have been included in the Olympic games and have become professional. And professional sportspeople are hardly careless; they put all their lives into that.
2. Adrenaline is not the only reason for doing extreme sports; most athletes do it to succeed or to fight their own fear of speed or heights. Is fighting your fears not part of building a character?

Итак, с основной частью мы закончили. Следующий важный момент — вступление. Наша задача – перефразировать высказывание, желательно, с минимальными повторениями. Например:

Sport is an important part of our lives: it helps us to keep fit and healthy and is a great way to make friends. However, nowadays more and more people, mostly youngsters, tend to do extreme sports. They believe that it can improve their personality. Is it really true?

Это достаточно сложное вступление. На экзамене, под давлением стресса и времени , возможно, проще написать что-то вроде:

Extreme sports are very popular with young people. There is an opinion that they can help young people develop a stronger personality.

Финалом нашего сочинения является заключение. Оно должно содержать общую фразу и ваше мнение.

Например:

To sum up, no matter why people develop an interest to extreme sports, the main thing is that they enjoy it.

Или:

In conclusion I would like to say that any sport is good for your health and your body, and demands concentration, persistence and a strong character. And extreme sports are no exception.

Выбор заключительной фразы зависит от аргументов, которые вы выбрали, но немаловажный фактор – количество слов. В данном формате сочинения мы ограничены определенным количеством слов, поэтому должны постоянно считать, сколько слов у нас есть в запасе.

Теперь переходим к выстраиванию сочинения. Здесь нам поможет вот такая таблица:

И вот, наконец, наше итоговое сочинение:

Sport is an important part of our lives: it helps us to keep fit and healthy and is a great way to make friends. However, more and more people, mostly youngsters, today tend to do extreme sports. They believe that it can improve their personality. Is it really true?

As for me, I believe that extreme sports can really help people build a stronger character. Firstly, you should be really brave to do extreme sports, as they are rather dangerous. Secondly, speed is usually part and parcel of risky sports, which means you often have to make decisions very quickly, and that improves your reaction. And finally, extreme sports demand skills and stamina, which can only be achieved by constant trainings.

However, some people believe that risky sports can do nothing to build up your character.

First of all, people, who do dangerous sports, are often rather careless, as they risk their lives without thinking of their families or friends. Moreover, dangerous sports are all about adrenaline, and people get addicted to it and can’t replace it with any other activities.

I partly agree with these views, but we should not forget that a lot of extreme sports have been included in the Olympic games and have become professional. And professional sportspeople are hardly careless; they put all their lives into that. What is more, adrenaline is not the only reason for doing extreme sports; most athletes do it to succeed or to fight their own fear of speed or heights. Isn’t fighting your fears part of building a character?

In conclusion I would like to say that any sport is good for your health and your body, and demands concentration, persistence and a strong character. And extreme sports are no exception.

Все ли хорошо в этом сочинении? Не совсем: мы здорово превысили объем – у нас 292 слова. Разве это так страшно? Да! Проверяющие отсчитают максимально допустимое количество слов – 265 и будут проверять и оценивать именно эту часть, а вы таким образом останетесь как минимум без заключения, что очень скажется на финальной оценке. Наша задача – посмотреть, что можно сократить. Вспоминаем варианты нашего вступления и заключения.

Extreme sports are very popular with young people. There is an opinion that they can help young people develop a stronger personality.

As for me, I believe that extreme sports can really help people build a stronger character. Firstly, you should be really brave to do extreme sports, as they are rather dangerous. Secondly, speed is usually part and parcel of risky sports, which means you often have to make decisions very quickly, and that improves your reaction. And finally, extreme sports demand skills and stamina, which can only be achieved by constant trainings.

However, some people believe that risky sports can do nothing to build up your character.

First of all, people, who do dangerous sports, are often rather careless, as they risk their lives without thinking of their families or friends. Moreover, dangerous sports are all about adrenaline, and people get addicted to it and can’t replace it with any other activities.

I partly agree with these views, but we should not forget that a lot of extreme sports have been included in the Olympic games and have become professional. And professional sportspeople are hardly careless; they put all their lives into that. What is more, adrenaline is not the only reason for doing extreme sports; most athletes do it to succeed or to fight their own fear of speed or heights. Is fighting your fears not part of building a character?

To sum up, no matter why people develop an interest to extreme sports, the main thing is that they enjoy it.

252 слова — и наша работа почти закончена. Осталось проверить правописание и сокращения, так как мы помним: эссе пишется формальным языком, и сокращения вроде don’t, isn’t и т.д. не допускаются).

Задание №15399.
Письмо. ЕГЭ по английскому

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom:

Write an email to Tom.

In your message:
-answer his questions
-ask 3 questions about his trip to Greece

Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

Решение:
Ознакомьтесь с рекомендациями М. В. Вербицкой по выполнению задания с электронным письмом: читать.

Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий

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Some people think that extreme sports help to build up character

Nowadays it has become very fashionable to go in for extreme sports. Lots of people practise diving, parachuting, extreme biking, white water rafting, rock climbing and so on. These people believe such sports make your character stronger.

I cannot agree with this point of view.  First of all, as I have already said, extreme sports are in fashion now. Not everybody who practises them does it for pleasure or for building up character. For example,  sometimes people do it to look cool to their friends. Secondly, I believe those who do extreme sports just lack strong emotions and they get them in this or that sport. Practising extreme sports people get lots of adrenaline and it makes them happy.

However, fans of extreme sports argue that these activities make them stronger not only physically, but also emotionally and mentally. They believe by doing extreme sports you can fight your fear.

 The argument seems to be logical, but are extreme sports really so important for our character? I think volunteering, for instance, you can achieve the aim of building up your character and fighting your fears quicker.

All in all, I must say that extreme sports are certainly not the best way to build up your character. There are ways more useful not only for the person but for the whole society.

Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money

Nowadays learning foreign languages has become very popular. People learn them at school, at different language courses, with the help of tutors. Meanwhile, some people argue that learning foreign languages is useless and wastes money and time.

I cannot agree with this point of view. First of all, if you learn foreign languages you invest in your career. Now, when most companies work internationally, it is very important to know foreign languages to be able to communicate with anybody. If you can do it you will have a good position in any company. Secondly, foreign languages are necessary for travelling to other countries. When in another country, if you can talk to local people, you will enjoy your holiday more.

However, opponents of this point of view say that foreign languages demand lots of time and money. It is sometimes true. When you learn a foreign language, you spend much time and effort. In some cases you have to pay for the courses or to a tutor.

Nevertheless, I believe that the benefits of learning foreign languages are superior and can improve a person`s life greatly. Therefore, one shouldn`t be sorry for the time and money spent.

All in all, I must say that learning foreign languages gives you many advantages that overweight your time and money expenses.

Some people think that you can have only one true friend

Discussions about friends and friendship have always existed. Some people think that true friendship is just for two, whereas others consider that it is possible to have a ot of true friends.

I strongly believe that you can have not more than one real friend. First of all, a true friend is a person you can trust, with whom you can share all your secrets. Therefore, you should know this person very well, and there are not many people in this world, whom we know as ourselves. Secondly, friends should share the same basic values and have the same view on life in general. Sometimes it is difficult to find such persons, and you are lucky if you find more than one of them.

However, opponents of this point of view say that it is boring to spend all of your free time with the same person. They believe two people can become tired of each other this way.

I can`t but disagree. True friends are never bored of each other and they always enjoy each other`s company. Besides, you can spend time with your colleagues and family as well.

All in all, I must say that true friendship is a precious thing and can exist only between two people. As Aristotle once said, “A friend is a single soul dwelling in two bodies.”

Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills

Nowadays the Internet has entered almost every home and family. Some of us cannot imagine our life without it. There is an opinion that it affects us so much, that we are becoming unable to comminicate with people in real life. Other people do not tnink so.

I strongly believe that due to the Internet we are becoming anti-social. First of all, many of us are completely hooked on social networks. People usually “wear masks” communicating in social networks. You can say and do what you want there. Consequently, we lose real-life communication skills.Secondly, spending too much time in the Net we forget about our social roles- we are all parents or children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.  There is a lack of communication in modern families.

However, some people believe Internet communication is a good thing. They say you get to know lots of new and interesting people in the Net.

I can`t but disagree.  In the Net you do not know the people you communicate with. They can pretend to be anybody they want.  Unfortunately, all these friendships can have a very sad end. There are many cases of crimes because of such “new friends”.

All in all, I must say that the trick with virtual Internet communication is to use it sensibly.

A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily teach it

Nowadays more and more people learn at least one foreign language. Some people are sure that when they master it,they are able to teach it as well. Others disagree with such an opinion.

I strongly believe that being fluent in a foreign language is not enough to be able to teach it. First of all, teaching is not as simple as it may seem.  A teacher should know how to teach.  He or she should  use different methods of teaching. If you do not know them, the people you teach will get bored and will understand nothing.Secondly, a real teacher is an inborn quality. One should have a great patience and love for people to teach them. A teacher never gives up.

However, some people think that they do not need any teaching methods, any special traits of character to teach.

 I can`t but disagree. Such “teaching” will not last long and will not be effective. I think it will be just a waste of time and effort.

All in all, I believe teaching is a profession, not a hobby.  If you are fluent in a language, it is fine that you can use it, but that does not mean you can teach it.

Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear

Nowadays with the development of technologies many people spend their free time in a way different from that they did before. People read less, and if they do, they prefer E-books, I-Pads or I-phones.

I believe that real books will soon become rare and very expensive and public libraries will not exist any more. First of all, public libraries do not have all the books and the information you can find in the Internet. 

Secondly, libraries are not convenient.  It is much easier to take your I-phone, for example, and download any book you want.  You do not even have to leave home for that. It is much better to stay in your cosy armchair and read a new book or work with the information you have found in the Net.

However, some people believe that public libraries are sure to stay. I can`t but disagree. Nowadays very few people use the libraries, and they are mostly students. Libraries are not in fashion any more.

All in all, I strongly believe that libraries will not be much needed soon and we will find all the information and  books in the Internet. Therefore, I think, libraries will soon be gone.