First things first set objectives wisely егэ

В данном задании дается текст с шестью пропусками, обозначенными буквами (A-F), И семь фрагментов предложений для заполнения пропусков, обозначенных цифрами (1—7). Один фрагмент предложения — лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения. За каждое правильно установленное соответствие дается 1 балл. Максимально в данном задании можно получить 6 Баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: Проверишь

Ф Понимание Структурных сВЯзЕй между отдельными фрагментами предложения, в том числе и с учетом существующих грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке;

® понимание Смысловых связей всего текста и его отдельных фрагментов.

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ

Во время первого прочтения

1. Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков для данного задания.

2. Бегло просмотреть весь текст (без выделенных фрагментов), попытаться определить его тему и основное содержание.

3. Прочитать выделенные фрагменты и определить структурные особенности начала фраг­мента (с точки зрения использования грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемо­сти), если таковые имеются.

Во время второго прочтения:

1. Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание на последнее слово или выра­жение ПерЕД каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предлога, союза и т. д.), надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте.

2. Если одна и та же грамматическая структура используется в начале нескольких выде­ленных фрагментов, учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений.

3. По ходу чтения отмечать все возможные варианты соответствий, указывая нужные бук­вы рядом с цифрой пропуска или нужные цифры рядом с буквами, обозначающими вы­деленные фрагменты.

4. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, т. к. после каждого заполненного пробела неясные варианты ответов будут определяться точнее, отпадать методом исключения.

5. Обратить особое внимание на пропуски, где изначально были выбраны несколько воз­можных соответствий. Обосновать для себя выбор того или иного соответствия с учетом грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке и/или с опорой на содержание текста.

6. Проверить обоснованность других выбранных соответствий.

После прочтения

1. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.

2. Определить лишний фрагмент.

3. Еще раз проверить точность записи всех ответов.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 1

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Clever Dogs

What are the smartest dog breeds in the world? We all love our dogs; A must

Be the cleverest ever. But is your dog’s breed known as one of the most intelligent? We’ve compiled a list of the top five most intelligent dogs as demonstrated by extensive testing and research. In reverse order these are Doberman, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Poodle and the cleverest of all is the Border Collie. If your dog isn’t on this list, don’t despair. Sometimes, having a dog with very B. For example, if a very clever dog is left at home alone all day, it can get bored and become destructive or even neurotic. On the other hand, a dog with limited intelligence can be left at home all day, C Minutes before you arrive home! Like many intelligent breeds, the Border Collie needs a job to do. If they don’t have a purpose in life, or some kind of job D. Actually many of them have a common ancestor. A dog called “Old Hemp” who lived at the end of the 19th Century. He was such a hardworking and intelligent dog he was used to father a new generation of super intelligent dogs. Just to be clear — please note that Border Collies should definitely not be left at home alone all day, ECan become quite destructive. They need constant companionship, praise, and extensive exercise. This requires a lot from owners including a suitable lifestyle and lots of living space. So if you work and live in the city, a Border Collie F For

You! Because of their legendary intelligence, Border Collies set the standard in competitions for such skills as agility, obedience and of course, sheepdog trials.

1. And not even realize you’re gone until a few

2. And most of us believe our own dog

3. But if they are, they

4. They will not be happy

5. Probably isn’t the dog

6. But they are not quite

7. High intelligence can have its drawbacks

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Chocolate

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in Aat least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because Bto be fermented to develop a palatable flavour.

After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions.

Much of C With added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the D And is therefore not a true chocolate.

Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E, Can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs.

Chocolate is now one F, although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

1. The chocolate consumed today is made

2. That chocolate, eaten in moderation

3. Central and southern America for

4. Of the world’s most popular flavours

5. Other hand contains no cocoa solids

6. Cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

7. Many countries worldwide

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Child Stars

Child star mania is on the rise! Popular shows like Star Search and Junior Idol are always searching for new child stars. Sometimes the parents of these youngsters are A— arguably pushing their offspring to and beyond their limits; hoping to make their children famous.

Fame can bring great opportunities for the youngsters. Some go on to earn BAnd fulfilled lives. The truth however is that the majority do not. Research on the lifestyle of young performers has shown that their childhoods are often dominated by immense pressure and anxiety. Hours of training and rehearsal combine disastrously C And a poor social life. These vulnerable young people also have to cope with criticism, rejection and intrusive treatment from show business reporters. The loss of privacy, gossip and constant scrutiny D of them.

Child stars often have very short careers. It can be devastating when a particularly cute child E and a whole glittering career is over before they are out of their teens. It is therefore not surprising that so many young child stars end up with huge emotional problems — some derailing their lives through destructive life styles. It can be really difficult for them adjusting from being recognised and wanted by everyone to being completely forgotten and ignored.

So the question is should something be done to curb this mania for young fame? Should the TV programs be severely controlled or even banned? Whatever the answer to these questions, the problems are likely to remain. As long as F of ruthlessly

Ambitious parents — these tragedies are destined to keep on repeating.

1. Huge amounts of money and live happy

2. Grows into an average looking adult

3. There are children with talent under the control

4. With a lack of normal schooling

5. With ambitious parents

6. Can be too much for some

7. The ones with the real ambition

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 4

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Window Shopping

The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and

Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on B Not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect C—Right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafe.

Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D As

Well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = A good time.

But E out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire

Lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth J200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafii and returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one K and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

1. Not like to spend our time

2. That it’s probably not quite

3. That particular day turned

4. Our real shopping in

5. Sometimes go shopping for real

6. Anything you want and there is

7. But when we are together

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 5

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Hotel

“Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded Hiiddle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at.

“No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel B Rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course.

“Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like C, Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D Responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E

Ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address.

While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F A voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

1. Me to take a print of your credit card

2. Points poured out smoothly, no verbal

3. If I would even see her when

4. Although it seemed virtually identical

5. So sure was I that nobody would

6. Me to help you with your luggage

7. As if I am being processed like a product

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 6

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Nastia and Natasha

It was Nastia’s first visit to London and I felt almost as excited as she clearly was. We had been pen pals for two years since my Dad remotely A the daughter of

One of the managers in his Moscow office. I say “remotely” because B that morning. Nastia’s written English was excellent but speaking was a little more difficult.

“So today we go to see the Big Ben?” she asked cheerfully. “Yes Nastia, today we are going to see Big Ben” I said carefully pronouncing the corrections (as indeed she had asked me to do). But C and we talked non-stop, her pronunciation and grammar seemed to improve miraculously.

“Why is he called “Big Ben”? Ben is short for Benjamin — right?”

“Why is IT called Big Ben.” I corrected. “If I remember correctly, “Big Ben” is the name of only the bell although people often give the whole clock tower this name. There is the name “Ben” on the bell D who Ben really was.”

Later in the day Nastia began to teach me my first words in Russian and laughed happily at my terrible pronunciation. She is a really special person and I felt so lucky to be spending time with her. The rest of the day involved a visit to Westminster Abbey, a boat trip on the Thames and tea at Claridges. The E promising excursions, shopping and lots of fun.

That evening Nastia asked my Dad if he would allow me to visit her in Moscow one day. “Please Mr. Perkins. Natasha will be very welcome in our home. She even has a traditional Russian name and already knows many Russian words. Also we have many nice Bells in the Kremlin F.”

1. Week ahead lay before us

2. Actually as the day went on

3. To introduce to her

4. Introduced me to

5. We had not met each other

6. We had met for the first time only

7. But nobody is completely sure

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 7

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Secondary education in the USA

Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Childhood education is compulsory and public education is universal A Levels. At these levels, school curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with B. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments. The ages C . but a growing number of states now require compulsory education from age 5 or 6 to age 17 or 18. Compulsory education requirements can generally be met by educating children in public schools, state-certified private schools, as D or in an orphanage. In most public and private schools, education is divided into four levels: elementary school (K-3), middle school (4-6), junior high school (7-9), and high school (10-12).

Public Day Schools, which are overwhelmingly coeducational, dominate in the United States. Most offer a curriculum that includes college preparatory classes and general education classes. Public Magnet Schools offer advanced programs E number of them are boarding schools. Private schools include Charter Schools developed F Seek to develop stronger academic programs. Most private schools are Religious or Denominational Schools that emphasize religious and moral training along with the usual academic curriculum.

1. In a variety of academic and cultural fields and only a small

2. For compulsory education vary by state

3. At the elementary (or primary) and secondary

4. By critics of public education who

5. Well as approved home-school programs

6. Well administered and supervised

7. Jurisdiction over school districts

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 8

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Washington DC International School

We welcome your interest in Washington International School. The strength and vitality of our School is the diversity of cultural backgrounds, A and faculty. One

Quarter of our students and their families are all American citizens, while an almost equal number are all non-US citizens; the remaining families B more than one

Citizenship.

Our curriculum embraces an international approach to C Baccalaureate (IB) Primary and Middle Years Programs, as well as for those in our IB Diploma Program. This is coupled with an emphasis D immersion for our Pre-Kindergarten and

Kindergarten students and continuing with a dual language approach for students in Grades 1-5.

Students thrive in this lively mix of cultures, traditions, and ideas. We encourage them to take E in academics, and also in athletics, community service and other extracurricular activities. By mastering challenges both in and beyond the classroom, our students acquire the skills and experience to succeed on every level, and they form F.

We hope you will tour the WIS website for information on all of our programs and for an introduction to our distinctive community of learning. We look forward to welcoming you for a campus tour soon.

1. Are composed of members with

2. Friendships that will last for years

3. Talents, life experiences, and personalities of our students

4. Full advantage of the opportunities available to them

5. Learning for students in our International

6. Many subjects in different foreign languages

7. On second-language acquisition, beginning with French or Spanish language

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 9

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F Частями предложений, обозначен­ными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя. Занесите цифру, обо­значающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

International Baccalaureate in High School

This Upper School program is unique. Students in Grades 9 and 10 follow the Program, which emphasizes analytical and critical thinking. In all subject A And support their ideas through speaking and writing. All Grade 9 students take English; French, Spanish or their own native language; design technology; integrated mathematics; three sciences —biology, chemistry, physics; world history; geography. They also make B List: information technology, 3rd language, music, art, drama, or journalism. Physical education is required. In Grade 10, students design and develop a Personal Project, an independent study in C Of interaction. It may be a research essay, artistic production, original experiment, invention, or some other means of expression.

Students in Grades 11 and 12 follow the IB (International Baccalaureate) Diploma program, D. They select six subjects: English, one or two other languages, and at least one course each in mathematics, experimental science, and social science: three courses at Higher Level and three at Standard Level. They take an arts elective and Theory of Knowledge—a critical thinking and philosophy seminar—and research and E of their choosing. Students also complete a minimum of 60 hours or volunteer

Community service, choosing the activities and evaluating themselves. At the end of Grade 12, IB Diploma candidates complete a three-week battery of oral and written examinations in F under the supervision of the International Baccalaureate Organization in Geneva.

1. Two elective choices from the following

2. An internationally recognized two-year course of study

3. Areas they develop an ability to apply what they know

4. An area of particular interest that links several academic subjects and areas

5. Write an extended essay on a topic

6. All of their IB subjects that are prepared and externally graded

7. Fix their own ideas in writing

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 10

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Francis

Не eventually joined Le Testu in an attack on a Spanish mule train. This raid, finally, was a success A. They had captured around 20 tons of silver and gold! They set to, burying as much as they could on the steep jungle slopes — hoping “X” would still B. But terrible danger was close by. As the raiding party dragged C To their small boats — the Spanish pressed them hard. Le Testu was wounded and captured. Exhaustion and hunger and thirst set in — and then shock. Their small boats had been taken! Weighed down with countless fortunes of gold, they had nowhere to go. The Spanish were coming.

It was at this point that D. He inspired his men with vision and purpose. He ordered one group to bury the remaining treasure close to the beach while another was to build a raft. Then, with just two volunteers, E to where his ship was anchored. It

Was a tough and dangerous crossing; lashed by foam and almost blinded by the dazzling sun. Then Drake finally made the ship and after a bit of clowning around — he pulled a heavy Spanish necklace from under his shirt. With a triumphant smile he declared «Our voyage is made, lads!» They returned to the beach and safely rescued F. Some weeks later he was back in Plymouth — possibly the richest man in England.

1. As much gold as they could

2. Both crew and buried treasure

3. Beyond their wildest expectations

4. Drake “rode” the crashing surf

5. To follow, Drake went

6. Drake showed his greatness

7. Mark the spot on a return visit

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 11

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Samuel

Seldom is so much of consequence witnessed in one lifetime, and possibly never before did diligent record keeping, hard work and honest practical management have such consequences. Certainly Pepys could A his work was, but as his famous diaries prove, he certainly understood and appreciated that he lived in extraordinary times. The nine years covered by his diary were B in the history of Great Britain.

When he made his first entry in 1660 he lived in a republic. But Cromwell was already dead and Pepys reported the C of the King. In the end Pepys was

A D that took place. He saw the King, soon to be Charles II, arrive from

Exile. He attended and described the coronation — the music, the flags, the cheering crowds. He was also E Great Plague of 1665 and The Great Fire of London in 1666. He described everything and everyone in the most entertaining and sometimes moving manner. Without doubt, he was F reformers, designers and architects who were to rebuild London and together laid the foundation stones of Empire. The Navy that Pepys reformed went on “to rule the waves” throughout an Empire «on which the sun never sets».

1. “front seat” witness to all

2. Among and equal to the great

3. Never have guessed how important

4. Underestimate his efforts and

5. A witness to the

6. Among the most momentous

7. Steady rumours of the return

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 12

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Sarah

The house was still in view. She could have morphed into a leaping dolphin, and swam there in two minutes. But today she was an explorer A rain forest of

Her six-year-old imagination.

She edged further into the trees to get farther away from the house and focus on her illusions. A wind made the leaves roar in the now heavy, torrential rain. B— Heavy with water and translucent in the shadows. Yes — today she was also a sea creature — safe C untroubled by the wild chaos of wind and rain.

“Sarah, Sarah” called her mother’s voice from behind the house. “D. Come in and get dry!” Determined not to be removed from her special worlds, she ignored the summons and pressed closer to a tree. The words repeated, this time on the other side of the house — but still the little girl remained stubborn. E and an explorer as well.

The adventure ended, quite literally, with a flash and a bang: The vast lamp of lighting and deafening thunder crash was too much for her. She was suddenly a rocket and moments later crashed into her mother, was spun round playfully before being swung into the warm and dry land of the big house. “I was an explorer and a fish and a rocket” she told F as the fish-dress came off and the towels came out.

1. her grinning young mother

2. You must be soaked

3. Her light pink dress paled

4. in her underwater world,

5. She WAS a sea creature

6. to her helpful nurse

7. in a far away land; a tropical

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 13

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Sergey Pavlovich Diaghilev

On 21st August 1929 a funeral barge set off for the little island of San Michele, where the city of Venice has buried its dead since the beginning of the 19thCentury. The body on the barge, bound for the Greek Orthodox section of the cemetery, was A, founder and leader of the Ballets Russes and one of the most influential pioneers of modern art in the twentieth century.

In the course of a twenty three year career Diaghilev had made his mark in Europe and the Americas. In this relatively short space of time he transformed the world of dance, theatre, music Bhas ever done before (or has done since).

From 1896 he was active in Russia as a critic, exhibition organiser, publisher and art historian. Through C and exhibitions he brought Russian art out of years

Of stagnation. He championed international symbolism, art nouveau, the Arts and Crafts Movement and Russian neo nationalism. He managed to revive forgotten aspects of D.

He set up a travelling, privately financed ballet troupe E, and for nearly quarter of a century it would be the world’s leading dance company. Its early productions fed the craze for the Slavic and oriental exoticism, catapulting the Ballet Russes to instant fame. He was a central figure Fof Paris, London,

Rome, Berlin and Madrid during the golden age of modern art. He lived through bankruptcy, war, revolution and exile.

1. His journal Mir Iskusstva

2. That performed in Europe’s and America’s most famous theatres

3. In the artistic worlds

4. Russia’s artistic past

5. And the visual arts as no one

6. Was named after Diaghilev

7. That of Sergey Pavlovich Diaghilev

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Twitchy Goes Missing

Emma’s little sister Kim was sobbing pitifully. Nobody could cheer her up. Kim had lost her black and while kitten, “Twitchy” and A either been stolen or run over by a car. Emma and her parents tried everything they could think B. But Kim cried all day long. Emma looked sadly at her distressed sister and suddenly an idea formed in her mind.

“Kim darling” soothed Emma “Why don’t you make a poster asking for help to find Twitchy? It is quite possible C somebody’s house and they don’t know who the owner is.”

Kim considered this a fine idea. She stopped crying and D Paper and crayons.

Presently she returned and asked Emma to help.

“First you need a good, clear picture of Twitchy. I’ll then scan some copies at the right size so they can fit on your poster.” While Emma was busy with this, Kim set to work on her poster. “WANTED”— she wrote in very large blue letters. Then — “HAVE YOU SEEN TWITCHY?” — this time in red letters. She E then carefully wrote

Their phone number. After this, in large pink letters — “I LOVE MY TWITCHY — PLEASE SEND HIM HOME”.

Within an hour several versions of the poster were ready with Twitchy’s picture glued in the correct place. Emma helped her fix the posters on the neighbourhood notice boards and some local shops agreed to put posters in their windows.

Two days later they got a call. Twitchy FTwo streets away. Their son saw

The poster and made the call. Kim has now decided that when she grows up she will work in advertising. She knows that her poster campaigns are very effective indeed!

1. That the cat has wondered into

2. Left a space for the photo

3. Was found by her

4. Of to cheer up the little girl

5. Went off in search of

6. Had been charming a family

7. It was feared that the cat had

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 15

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Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A. Alexander Pushkin described him as B, whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of C Many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D Of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and

The E Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar— Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F Moscow University; the annual

Conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

1. Who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

2. To mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

3. A person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

4. Favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

5. The contemporary European powers in

6. Are marked by special events and festivities at

7. Famous among all educated people

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 16

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Clare

She had no intention whatsoever of going to the mainland like many of her friends (who thought she was mad). But Scotland meant nothing to her. She may have been just sixteen years old but she was a Shetland Islander: daughter, granddaughter and great granddaughter to A to her beloved family.

She had no illusions whatsoever. Her friends were correct in this: crofting is hard work and to succeed required all the God given hours of day. Short winter shifts to seemingly endless summer days were filled B routines — just to survive. They would never be rich.

Clare’s family worked a croft (a piece of land) of almost 8 hectares. It was better than average growing land with fine views C. A small part was preserved for taking peat and the largest part for growing fruit and vegetables: strawberries under tunnels of polythene, winter potatoes and cabbage. D they kept sheep and from time to time goats. They even tried pigs once but this wasn’t a success.

Of course — E— the croft did not provide enough. Her father and brother were part-time professional fisherman and all of the family had various part-time jobs to make ends meet.

Probably there was an easier life for Clare in Scotland — or, God forbid, F. But having just finished school her decision was made. This was her home; all that she knew and all that she loved.

1. Like many islanders

2. With disciplined work and efficient

3. It was typical for islanders

4. A way of life as much as

5. England or even America

6. Over Basta Voe

7. As with most crofting families

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 17

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Reality TV

Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV is A unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities B of the public.

Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s C. Others believe that the television phenomenon that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age.

But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is due Dthat we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct

That once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E. or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F.

1. To basic human instinct

2. Is still early to judge

3. Are simply the cycles of fashion

4. But more usually the stars are members

5. That brought reality TV to centre stage

6. A type of programme that presents

7. Seem to have disappeared

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The Application Form

Mike finished reading the application form and then set it down. It was a nervous moment. He needed this job. It was only a weekend job but it A of income during this last term of college. Some of his friends were working three or even four days a week. Mike didn’t understand how they could cope with their course work. But a weekend job B To study. It was ideal.

He picked up the form again. If successful, he’d have to help with a touring market, selling soap products. He’d travel C And work from 5.00 Am Saturday until late Sunday night — depending how far away the market was that weekend.

Again he put the form down, scanned the pages once more, and got his pen ready. He was still anxious. For a start, he only had one copy. If he made a spelling mistake D. For a moment he considered trying to create a replica form on his computer. “Why on earth” he pondered aloud “do they use paper and ink for this?” Jim overheard him. “Because it is a real test Mike — everybody faces the same form. Tidy, easily readable handwriting tells an employer quite a lot about the candidate applying for the job. If a form comes in smudged, with too many words E, mistakes crossed out etc — an employer will know so much more about who is applying for a job. Online applications all look the same.”

“I suppose so” — said Mike, yet again picking up and scrutinizing the form “but it’s only a job selling soap in markets — not working for the Civil Service!”

“Whatever!” laughed Jim. “My advice is to photocopy the form and do two or three practice runs. You need this job right? Ok — then take time F”.

1. Would be his only source

2. Would leave him enough time

3. Packed into a given space

4. To provide them enough money

5. To do the job properly.

6. To a different town each weekend

7. There was nothing he could do

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 19

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US student exchange program

An academic student exchange is when a student aged 15-18 years old, signs up with a student exchange program in their country to go abroad, live in another country with a volunteer host family and attend a local high school for either a single semester or an entire academic year. The local program A , or cooperates with «sister» programs in

Other countries. The host country is the sponsoring agency; it issues the required forms that make it B, usually a J-I in the United States. Students will carry health insurance, C Of the language spoken in the host country. Volunteer host families provide the student with room (his/her own bed, and a quiet place to study), board (three meals a day), and most importantly, LOVE! The student becomes part of the host family and participates in all aspects of the host family’s life. The student is responsible D And for taking on chores as does any other family member. Each student and host

Family is supported by agency’s volunteer representative whose main responsibility is to check up with the student, the host family, and the school to assure that the exchange is going smoothly. This may be your first trip away from home or your first airplane ride. Regardless, E To enjoy life in your host country as no tourist can ever imagine,

Participating in your host country’s holidays just as the natives do. How about having a host brother or sister who will be your brother∕sister for the rest of your life or making friends with whom you can stay in contact year after year? Most importantly, F Where it is exclusively spoken. For more information Contact the Student Exchange Resource Center at StudentExchange. net.

1. This will be the time of your life as you will be able

2. Possible for a student to attain the necessary visas

3. There are many ways to learn the language and cultural habits

4. There is no better way to learn a language than to live in a society

5. Bring their own spending money and have some command

6. For maintaining good grades in the school he∕she is attending

7. Either has an affiliate office in other countries

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Robbie

Robbie did not believe it was stealing. A, he believed that nobody owned a wild Atlantic salmon: A fish born in a barren rocky highland stream but growing fat in the high seas — seas unclaimed even by nations. So how could Lord Cavat decide the fish were his B to breed?

It was the same with the deer on the hill and no different with the game birds. Who but God could claim to “own” these wild creatures? And did not God give nature equally, for all to enjoy?

C, were professional poachers. They were actually ardent conservationists and would take neither fish nor fowl out of their natural seasons.

They all had jobs. Robbie worked in his father’s garage. Gregor and Rab, his uncles, both worked in the mustard factory. D or grouse or salmon for money: They had

A far more important reason. To them, the taking of a salmon was E. It connected them somehow to long lost and forgotten ancestors who took fish to avoid starvation. They couldn’t put it easily into words — F that the need to hunt was

Part of their genetic makeup. It was about who they really were in a ceaselessly changing and chaotic modern world.

1. A survival act

2. Like his father and uncles

3. Neither Robbie, nor any of his family

4. Simply because they returned to the river

5. An almost spiritual experience

6. They didn’t poach deer

7. But somehow they understood