Firstly it is decline in the death rate егэ - Exhelper.top

Causes of overpopulation

Firstly it is decline in the Death Rate: At the root of overpopulation is the difference between the overall birth rate and death rate in populations. If the number of children born each year equals the number of adults that die, then the population will stabilize. Talking about overpopulation shows that while there are many factors that can increase the death rate for short periods of time, the ones that increase the birth rate do so over a long period of time. The discovery of agriculture by our ancestors was one factor that provided them with the ability to sustain their nutrition without hunting. This created the first imbalance between the two rates.

Following this came the industrial revolution and better Medical Facilities. Technological advancement was perhaps the biggest reason why the balance has been permanently disturbed. Science was able to produce better means of producing food, which allowed families to feed more mouths. Medical science made many discoveries thanks to which they were able to defeat a whole range of diseases. Illnesses that had claimed thousands of lives till now were cured because of the invention of vaccines. Combining the increase in food supply with fewer means of mortality tipped the balance and became the starting point of overpopulation.

However, when talking about overpopulation we should understand that there is a psychological component as well. For thousands of years, a very small part of the population had enough money to live in comfort. The rest faced poverty and would give birth to large families to make up for the high infant mortality rate. Families that have been through poverty, natural disasters or are simply in need of more hands to work are a major factor for overpopulation. As compared to earlier times, most of these extra children survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in nature.

With latest technological advancement and more discoveries in medical science particularly in Fertility Treatment, it has become possible for couples who are unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies. Today there are effective medicines which can increases the chance of conception and lead to rise in birth rate. Moreover, due to modern techniques pregnancies today are far safer.

Another cause of overpopulation is immigration. Many people prefer to move to developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education, security and employment. The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become overcrowded. Difference between the number of people who are leaving the country and the number of people who enter narrows down which leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and homes. This gives rise to shortage of resources. Though the overall population remains the same, it just affects the density of population making that place simply overcrowded.

That last thing that effects overpopulation is lack of Family Planning. Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live below the poverty line and have little or no knowledge about family planning. Getting their children married at an early age increase the chances of producing more kids. Those people are unable to understand the harmful effects of overpopulation and lack of quality education prompts them to avoid family planning measures.

ВОПРОС 1: What created the first imbalance between the overall birth rate and death rate populations?
1) The discovery of medicals.
2) Talking about overpopulation.
3) Talking about ecological problems.
4) The discovery of agriculture by our ancestors.

ВОПРОС 2: What did medical science do?
1) Produced better means of producing food.
2) Combined the increase in food supply with fewer means of mortality.
3) Made many discoveries which were able to defeat a whole range of diseases.
4) Increased the industrial revolution.

ВОПРОС 3: To what did it lead when families in poverty gave birth to large families?
1) It led to psychological component.
2) They made up high infant mortality rate.
3) It led to the need of more hands to work.
4) It led to consumption of resources.

ВОПРОС 4: What are two things to which effective medicines can lead to?
1) Increase the chance of conception and rise in birth rate.
2) Increase the chance of growing healthy food and rise in birth rate.
3) Increase the death rate and the birth rate.
4) Increase the number of medicines provided to the people and the number of pharmacies.

ВОПРОС 5: What does changing the place of living affect?
1) It affects the density of population.
2) It makes the place simply overcrowded.
3) It leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and homes.
4) It gives rise to shortage of resources.

ВОПРОС 6: What are the problems that most developing nations have?
1) Getting their children married at an early age.
2) Being unable to understand the harmful effects of overpopulation.
3) Being illiterate, living below the poverty line, having no knowledge about family planning.
4) Lack of quality education prompts.

ВОПРОС 7: What causes mentioned in the article lead to overpopulation?
1) Death rate, fertility treatment, overpopulation, lack of family planning.
2) Death rate, medical facilities, fertility treatment, overpopulation, lack of family planning.
3) Death rate, medical facilities, fertility treatment, overpopulation.
4) Death rate, medical facilities, overpopulation, lack of family planning.

ВОПРОС 1: – 4
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 2
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 1
ВОПРОС 6: – 3
ВОПРОС 7: – 2

Источник

Задание №6881.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does changing the place of living affect?
1) It affects the density of population.
2) It makes the place simply overcrowded.
3) It leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and homes.
4) It gives rise to shortage of resources.

Решение:
What does changing the place of living affect? It affects the density of population.
На что влияет смена места проживания? Это влияет на плотность населения.

«… it just affects the density of population making that place simply overcrowded.»

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Источник: Английский язык: 10 вариантов ЕГЭ. К. А. Громова, О. В. Вострикова, О. А. Ильина и др.

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1
смертность

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > смертность

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Источник

1 Historically, as countries have developed industrially, they have undergone declines in death rates followed by declines in birth rates. Over time they have tended to move from rapid increases in population to slower increases, then to zero growth and finally to population decreases. The model which demographers use to help explain these changes in population growth is known as the demographic transition model. In order to properly appreciate the demographic transition model, it is necessary to understand two basic concepts: the crude* birth rate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR). The CBR is determined by taking the number of births in a country in a given year and dividing it by the total population of the country and then multiplying the answer by one thousand. So, for example, the CBR of the United States in 2004 was 14 (in other words, there were 14 births per thousand living people m that year). CDR is worked out in a similar way. The CDR for the United States in 2004 was 8 per thousand.

2 The first stage of the demographic transition model portrays a preindustrial era when both the birth rate and the death rate were high. Typically, women gave birth to a large number of babies. This was partly due to cultural and religious pressures but also because families required a large number of children, since often many didn’t survive into adulthood due to the harsh living conditions. Furthermore, children were needed to help adults work the land or perform other chores. The death rate was high due to the high incidence of diseases and famine and also because of poor hygiene. Total population tended to fluctuate due to occasional epidemics, but overall there was only a very gradual long-term increase during this stage.

3 During the second stage, improvements in hygiene, medical care, and food production led to a decrease in the death rate in newly industrializing regions of Western Europe. However, birth rates remained high due to tradition and because many people were involved in agrarian occupations. The combination of a lowered CDR and a stable CBR led to dramatic increases in population starting at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

4 In stage three, birth rates also began to fall. In cities there was less incentive to produce large numbers of children, since city dwellers no longer worked the land, and the cost of raising children in an urban environment was greater than in rural districts. Furthermore, more children survived into adulthood due to improved living conditions. These economic pressures led to a lower CBR and over time the numbers of people being born started to approximate the numbers dying.

5 The final stage, which some demographers have called the postindustrial stage, occurs when birth rates and death rates are about equal. In this case there is zero natural population growth. Over time the birth rate may fall below the death rate, and without immigration the total population may slowly decrease. By the early twenty-first century, several European countries were experiencing population declines due to the CDR outstripping the CBR. For example, in Italy in 2004 there were about 9 births per thousand against 10 deaths per thousand.

6 The demographic transition took about 200 years to complete in Europe. Many developing countries are still in stage two of the demographic transition model: births far outstrip deaths. In these countries. CDR has declined due to improvements in sanitation and increases in food productivity, but the birth rate has still not adjusted downward to the new realities of improved living conditions. This imbalance of births over deaths in the developing world is the fundamental reason for the dramatic population explosion in the latter half of the twentieth century. However, population statistics indicate that in many less developed countries the CBRs have begun to decline over recent decades, giving rise to optimism in some quarters about future trends. The rapid industrialization of many parts of the developing world has meant that these countries have reached stage three of the model much faster than countries in the developed world did during the nineteenth century. This fact has led many demographers to predict that world population will reach an equilibrium level sooner and at a lower total than more pessimistic earlier predictions.

Questions

1. The word “it” in the passage 1 refers to
A population
B year
С country
D number

2. According to paragraph 1, what is useful about the demographic transition model?
A It helps explain trends in population growth over time.
B It can be used to measure birth and death rates.
C It clarifies the causes of population increase.
D It predicts the relative speed of population patterns.

3. The word «portrays» in the passage 2 is closest in meaning to
A suggests
B represents
C transmits
D associates

4. In paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as relevant to the high birth rates in the preindustrial stage?
A The high level of childhood deaths
B The need for help in work situations
C The pressures of tradition
D The high rate of maternal deaths

5. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the effect of epidemic diseases on population during the preindustrial stage?
A They tended to dramatically lower the population growth.
B They caused the population to decline temporarily.
C They reduced overall population significantly.
D They led to sudden overall increases in the birth rate.

6. The word agrarian in the passage 3 is closest in meaning to
A basic
B menial
C farming
D village

7. According to paragraph 4, what was one of the main causes of the drop in birth rates?
A The improvements in hygiene
B The lack of agricultural work
C The development of urbanization
D The superior environment

8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage 5? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A The population gradually declines when there is no immigration and deaths exceed births.
B In time there may be an overall drop in population as the birth rate and death rate fluctuate.
C The relationship between birth and death rates is an important reason for limiting immigration
D If population losses aren’t replaced through immigration, the birth rate may fall below the death rate.

9. The word equilibrium in the passage 6 is closest in meaning to
A economic
B stable
C variable
D fixed

10. According to paragraph 6, what is at the root of the huge population increases during the twentieth century?
A The improvements in health throughout the developing world
B The fact that birth rates are increasing in many countries
C The lack of resources in many developing countries
D The failure of the CDR to respond to economic pressures

11. Why does the author mention the optimism felt in some quarters about future population trends?
A To introduce the fact that birth rates in some developing countries may be declining faster than anticipated
B To emphasize that most researchers have taken a pessimistic view of population expansion
C To show that the demographic transition is a valid model of population trends
D To suggest that some countries have worked hard at reducing birth rates

Cambridge Preparation to the TOEFL

Источник

Practice Test 19		ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

	In the first paragraph, the author implies that Jack is someone who
14
A15	1
	is careless with his possessions.
	2	always expects the worst.
	3	learns from experience.
	4	is quite forgetful.
	In	the second paragraph, we learn that Jack
15
A16	1	didn’t go fishing very often.

	2	didn’t take fishing very seriously.
	3	had taught himself how to fish.
	4	had only recently taken up fishing.

A1716	‘them’ (line 6, paragraph three) refers to Jack’s
	1	week-day evenings.
	2	work colleagues.
	3	flatmates.
	4	fishing trips.

A1817	When the writer says in paragraph four that Jack was ‘put out’ by his flatmates’ jokes,
	it means he was
	1	puzzled.
	2	encouraged.
	3	annoyed.
	4	amused.
	In paragraph five, the writer suggests that Jack
A1918
	1	doubted the quality of his poems.
	2	had been discouraged by others’ opinions of his poems.
	3	didn’t really care what others thought of his poems.
	4	dreamt of publishing a book of poems.

A2019	When the writer says that Jack ‘had high hopes’ in paragraph six, he means that he
	1	thought he might be disappointed by his trip.
	2	was looking forward to a relaxing afternoon.
	3	felt that he would achieve a lot that day.
	4	felt that his afternoon would improve his mood.

A2120	The writer suggests that Jack was having difficulty writing because
	1	the day was too hot.
	2	he got distracted by reading old poems.
	3	he lacked inspiration.
	4	he was more focused on fishing.

153

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 19

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло& ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера& ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

B5	will be
B6	Have you got

B7	has been waiting
B8	picking
B9 hadn’t been driving
B10	will leave

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ& ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

		Chess
Chess is a fun and B11	challenging	board game played between two players. To

beat an opponent, a player has to move their chess pieces on a chequered board in order to try to capture their opponent’s king.

This is not a new game. It has been played competitively since the 16th century. The first official

chess	B129)	competition	was held in Madrid in 1560 and was won by a priest,

Father Ruy	Lopez de Segura. Centuries later, in 1886, the first official World Chess
			Championship	took place.
10) …………………………
B13

Russia has a long history with the game of chess. In fact, Russia has produced more chess

champions than any other country. The most 11)B14	amazing	of these players

is Garry Kasparov. He holds the record for the most victories won in a row by any chess player.

In 1989, he even played against	a chess playing computer Deep Thought. He won
	easily
12)B15	fortunate
		.
However, he wasn’t so	13)B16		in 1997 when he lost against a newer

computer, Deep Blue.

Despite this, Kasparov still remains the best player in the history of Chess.

CHALLENGE

COMPETE

CHAMPION

AMAZE

EASY FORTUNE

154

Practice Test 19

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

3Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возмож& ные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

The First Mobile Phone


On April 3, 1972, a man came out of the Hilton Hotel in New York, USA, and started walking	……..14)A22	the street. He stopped,

15)A23……..	a strange object against his ear and started talking into it. The man was Martin Cooper, General Manager of a major

communications company, and he was making the world’s first telephone call on a mobile phone, nicknamed ‘the shoe’ because

of its unusual 16)A24…….. .

The reason Mr Cooper had gone to New York was to 17)A25…….. the new phone. The call he made was to Joe Engel who worked at a rival company. Engel was responsible 18)A26…….. the development of radiophones for cars. “I said that I was talking on a real mobile phone that I was holding in my hand,” Cooper reported. “I don’t remember what he said in 19)A27…….., but I’m sure he wasn’t happy.”

The quality of the call made that day was very good, because although New York had only one base station at the 20)A28…….., it was being used by only one user — Martin Cooper!

A22	1	to	2	by	3	down	4	through
A23	1	held	2	pulled	3	caught	4	kept
A24	1	build	2	pattern	3	model	4	shape
A25	1	introduce	2	welcome	3	insert	4	begin
A26	1	for	2	of	3	about	4	to
A27	1	explanation	2	reply	3	answer	4	reaction
A28	1	occasion	2	point	3	moment	4	time

ЧАСТЬ 4 – ПИСЬМО

C11 You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Jamie who writes:

… I just got a new computer for my birthday. I’m so excited about it! How about you – do you have a computer? What do you use computers for? What other high tech gadget would you like to have?

My latest news is that I’ve broken my arm …

Write a letter to Jamie. In your letter ● answer her questions

● ask 3 questions about her broken arm Write 100 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

C22 Comment on the following statement.

“Living in a city has many disadvantages. Living in the country also brings its own share of problems.”

What is your opinion? Would you rather live in the city or the country? Write 200 250 words.

Use the following plan:

●write an introduction (state the problem/topic)

●express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

●give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

●draw a conclusion

155

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Practice Test 20

1 Вы услышите высказывания шести людей о различной еде. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверж дениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозна ченное буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.

Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B1.

A I don’t have this food often because I know I shouldn’t.

B Preparing and eating this food relaxes me.

C I don’t like this food as much as most other people do.

D I only recently discovered this food.

E I eat too much of this food.

F I’ve changed my mind about this food.

G This food brings back happy memories for me.

1	2	3	4	5	6
B1 A	C	G	D	F	B

2Вы услышите беседу двух друзей об игре на музыкальных инструментах. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1– True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положи тельного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды. Обведите правильный ответ.

A17	Tim was advised not to learn to play the violin.
		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated
		Tim thought learning to play the violin would be easy.
A28
		1	True	2	False	3	Not stated

A39 Chloe plays the piano really well.

1 True 2 False 3 Not stated

A410 Tim’s parents made him start having music lessons.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A511 Chloe did not like her music teacher.

	1	True	2	False	3	Not stated
	Tim doesn’t think that he practises	a lot.
A612
	1	True	2	False	3	Not stated
	Tim’s ambition is to join an orchestra.
A713
	1	True	2	False	3	Not stated

156

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите мужчину, рассказывающего о смене своего рода деятельности. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

	A814				The narrator decided to make a career change because
					1	his family wanted him to.
					2	he no longer looked forward to work.
					3	he wanted a job with less responsibility.
					When the narrator started his dog walking business, he
	A915
					1	had no trouble finding clients.
					2	found his previous knowledge of business useful.
					3	had to advertise more than expected.
					The narrator says that he was surprised by
16
	A10
					1	how challenging running a business was.
					2	how quickly his business became successful.
					3	how many other dog walking businesses there were.
				The narrator criticises
	A1117
					1	dog owners who insist that he does things a certain way.
					2	people who think he charges too much for his services.
					3	other dog walkers who don’t take their job seriously.
			The narrator believes his success is due to his
	A1218
					1	high standards.
					2	reasonable prices.
					3	good fortune.
		When the narrator says he gets most new clients ‘by word-of-mouth’, he means
	A1319
					1	his employees spend a lot of time telling people about his business.
					2	he is good at persuading people to use his services.
					3	his current clients recommend him to other dog owners.
		The narrator ends by saying that
	A1420
					1	dog walking isn’t suitable for everyone.

					2	he wishes he’d become a dog walker sooner.
					3	there are more disadvantages to dog walking than people think.

157

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 20

1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A	An exciting find	E	The great escape
B	Getting close to nature	F	An unusual contest
C	Upcoming show	G	Competition time
D	An exciting adventure	H	Looking for a good read

of pollution and traffic. Many of the families that are moving are also excited by the idea of having a garden where their children can play outdoors safely.

7 If you are looking for a wild ride, then white water rafting is for you. This thrilling extreme sport involves moving along rapids and fastmoving rivers in a five-man boat. It can be dangerous but if you’re careful and properly equipped it can be fantastic fun. People of all ages can enjoy this activity and there are many exciting locations where you can try it out.

similarities to the famous authors of the time.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
B2 C	G	H	A	B	E	D

158

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

2 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу B3.

The Norse people lived from about 200 500 A.D. in northern Europe and Scandinavia. After 700 A.D., they began to travel to find new lands and subsequently lived in parts of Britain, Iceland, Greenland and Russia. From this period on, the Norse were known as Vikings.

There were many different Norse tribes and clans who spoke a variety of languages 1) ….. . Their family lives, jobs, houses and traditions were very similar and they had the same beliefs.

Most Norse people lived on small farms, 2) ….. .

These were from 5 to 7 metres wide and from 15 to 75 metres long. They usually had stone bases, wooden walls and dirt floors.

The Norse people lit fires in the rooms of their houses to give them light and heat and there were holes in the roof so that the smoke could escape. They had wooden benches to sit, eat, work and sleep on. Longhouses didn’t usually have windows.

In early Norse times, animals and people lived and worked together in the longhouses. Later, only

Aso portion sizes were several times larger than those of today

Band they put everything else in other buildings

Cand were mostly farmers, craftsmen or traders

Dbut they used honey to make food taste sweet

people lived in the longhouses 3) ….. . Several families often lived in the same longhouse and worked on the same farm.

Norse people mainly ate food from their own farms. Their diet consisted of meat, cereals, dairy produce, vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have sugar, 4) ….. . Those who lived near the sea, rivers or lakes ate fish. They used cereals to make bread and ale – a very popular drink.

Norse people used spears or bows and arrows to hunt wild animals. They caught deer, bears and boars, 5) ….. . In the north, they caught seals and walruses for their meat and skins.

Norse people usually ate in the morning and in the evening. They ate at a table, and used wooden bowls and spoons and drank from animal horns. The Norse people needed a lot of energy, 6) ….. .

The Norse people worked hard, but they also made time for leisure activities and celebrations.

E each of which had a longhouse

F but had a lot of things in common

Gas well as smaller animals like rabbits

1	2	3	4	5	6
B3 F	E	B	D	G	A

159

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 20

3Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The Journalist

concourse hoping to spot him among the crowd of bag-laden shoppers. “He will come, won’t he?” he thought to himself, biting his

. It would be the in journalism if the informer did turn up, and a huge

embarrassment for Toby if he failed to deliver the front page story he had promised the editor by midnight that night.

It had taken Toby nearly ten years to work his way up from his first job at a local paper to a desk at a national one. He’d mainly covered small local stories and was only just beginning to make his mark in the world of front page headlines. Most of the other reporters in the office had been there for years and found his energy and enthusiasm for the work highly amusing. “You’ll learn,” they said, patting him on the shoulder as they trudged wearily to their desks to punch out another short, snappy news

his big break would come.

When his chance did finally come, it took him completely by surprise. He had been working on a story about a government minister’s involvement in a national scandal. There were plenty of rumours flying around, but Toby hadn’t managed to get hold of any concrete evidence. Nobody wanted to talk. Then, one evening at a cocktail party, someone had approached him and said he could give him all the proof he needed.

Toby looked at his watch yet again, the knot of nervousness in the pit of his stomach beginning to turn to angry resentment. He didn’t care if he was young and inexperienced,

walk over him now, but the day would come when he would be in a position to take revenge. It was a moment before Toby realised the informer had slipped into the seat beside him at the table.

The last time Toby had seen him he’d been wearing an expensive tailored suit. Now, he was dressed in casual clothes to better fit in with the more humble surroundings. The informer halfsmiled at Toby and apologised for keeping him waiting as he pushed a fat envelope across the table. “You’ll find everything you need and more,” he said. “I’m sure it will mean the start

of a dazzling career in journalism for you.” Toby picked up the envelope and put it in his

briefcase, resisting the urge to rip it open and greedily savour its contents. The informer was right. This was, without doubt, a fine beginning

to an illustrious career as a leading reporter at one of the country’s most respected national

cream cake. “Just one question before you go,” said Toby when he’d got his composure back. “You’ve been friends with the minister since your days at university. Why betray him now?” As the informer stood up to leave, he patted Toby on the shoulder. “Ah yes, friends,” he said. “Indeed, I’ve been very useful to him in his career these past forty years. Now it’s his turn to prove useful in mine.” The informer began to walk away. “I shall look forward to working with you more in the future, Sir,” Toby called after him. The informer carried on walking with not so much as a backward glance. Toby couldn’t stop smiling as he patted his

briefcase.

160

he realised the story involved someone he knew. another journalist offered to help him.

he managed to make the right contacts. he was unexpectedly offered information.

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

A1514 While in the shopping centre, Toby felt anxious about

1 being disappointed by someone.

2 losing someone in the crowd.

3 having made a mistake.

4 losing his job.

A1615 In the second paragraph, the writer suggests that Toby

1 was more ambitious than his colleagues.

2 respected and admired his colleagues.

3 didn’t get on well with his colleagues.

4 worked harder than his colleagues.

A1716 Toby’s chance to get his first big story came after 1 2 3

A1817 In the fourth paragraph, the writer implies that Toby didn’t notice the informer arriving because

1 he had decided that he wouldn’t come.

2 he was lost in thought.

3 he was approached from behind.

4 he was expecting him to arrive later.

A1918 ‘it’ (line 8, paragraph five) refers to

1	money that the informer gave Toby.
2	the national newspaper.
3	the news story.
4	the contents of the envelope.

A2019 When Toby received the envelope, he

1 decided to open it immediately.

2 felt himself begin to relax.

3 became suspicious about what was inside.

4 had difficulty in controlling his feelings.

A2120 The informer says that he betrayed the minister because 1 it would benefit him.

2 the minister had betrayed him in the past.

3 he owed Toby a favour.

4 he had never liked him.

161

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 20

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

	B4 had been working
B5	Are you coming
B6	was

B7 walked/was walking

B8 had offered

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

The Future of Mobile Phones

Mobile phone technology has come a(n)	B11	extremely	long way in a short time. In

fact, it’s almost difficult to believe that just a few years ago, we only used mobile phones to make phone calls or send text messages.

Today, not only can you take pictures and shoot videos with your mobile, you can use it to send emails,

surf the Web, listen to music and even get 9)B12	directions
.

So, with mobile technology moving so quickly, it is interesting to think about what the average mobile

phone	10)B13	user	will be doing with their phone in the future.

One very possible future	11)B14	development	is that a small chip will be put inside mobile

phones so that people can use them as a credit or debit card. To pay for goods in a shop, you would simply hold the phone up to a special reader and your account would be charged.

You will probably also be able to use your mobile phone as a front door or car key, so you won’t have to carry your keys around anymore.

But the truly revolutionary changes will come when intelligent software allows mobiles to predict your

needs, learn your	12)B15		behaviour	and recognise your speech.

So, it seems that soon	mobile phones will become even more necessary to people’s
	lives	than they are today.
13) …………………………
B16

EXTREME

DIRECT

USE DEVELOP

BEHAVE

LIVE

162

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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

снижение смертности

снижения смертности

It is generally recognized that free medical care contributed to an appreciable decline in the death rate from the late 1940s.

Общепризнанным является тот факт, что начиная с конца 40-х годов бесплатное медицинское обслуживание способствовало существенному снижению уровня смертности.

There was an overall decline in the death rate of 5 out of 6 leading causes during this time.

Наблюдалось общее снижение смертности для 5 из 6 ведущих причин в течение всего времени наблюдения.

Australia also saw an increase in population and a decline in the death rate.

The natural population increase (2.2 percent annually in the period 1970-74) is due to a high birthrate and a significant decline in the death rate.

Естественный прирост населения (2,2% в год, 1970-1974г.) происходит за счет высокой рождаемости и значительного снижения смертности.

That last part may be true, but it’s also true that economic development has made us less vulnerable, which is why there was a 99.7% decline in the death toll from natural disasters since its peak in 1931.

Эта последняя часть ответа может быть правдой, но верно и то, что экономическое развитие сделало нас менее уязвимыми, поэтому после пика 1931 года число смертей от стихийных бедствий снизилось на 99,7%.

On the one hand, the existing growth rate in life expectancy and the marked difference compared to a number of countries suggest decline in the death rate within the next 10 years and achievement of the set targets.

С одной стороны, наблюдаемые темпы роста продолжительности жизни и заметная разница по сравнению с рядом стран позволяют делать предположения о сохранение темпа снижения смертности в ближайшие 10 лет и достижении целевых показателей.

The decline in the death rate and increase in life expectancy, finding expression in the epidemiological and demographic transition has resulted in the increase in non-communicable diseases.

Снижение уровня смертности и увеличение средней продолжительности жизни, находящие свое выражение в эпидемиологическом и демографическом переходе, привели к повышению распространенности неинфекционных заболеваний.

The increase in the population over 65 years of age has been less marked; its proportion has remained at approximately 3.6 per cent of the total population, with slight changes, although its absolute number is increasing as a result of the decline in the death rate.

Менее интенсивно увеличивалась численность людей старше 65 лет, доля которых, с небольшими изменениями, сохранялась на уровне 3,6% от общей численности населения, но вследствие сокращения уровня смертности их численность возросла в абсолютных показателях.

After the October Revolution, until 1941, the rate of natural increase rose still higher, primarily through a decline in the death rate (see Table 2).

После Октябрьской революции (до 1941) естественный прирост ещё больше увеличился, главным образом за счёт снижения смертности.

It is generally recognized that free medical care contributed to an appreciable decline in the death rate from the late 1940s.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 10. Точных совпадений: 10. Затраченное время: 54 мс

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Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

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