Reading education егэ - Exhelper.top - портал для учащихся

,Pairw∣

Look at the pictures. In pairs, ask and answer the following questions:

■ What is happening in the three pictures?

■ Are there any differences∕simiIarities between the types of education shown in the photographs?

■ How do you think the people in the photographs feel?

■ Have you ever experienced any of the situations shown?

Develop your reading skills

What comes before?

You are going to read some sentences from different texts about education. For each of the sentences, decide what kind of point the writer was making in the previous sentence.

Write in the gap:

A For a point which CONTRASTS (disagrees) with the point made in the second sentence

B For a point which SUPPORTS (agrees with) the point made in the second sentence

C For a point which gives the CAUSE (the reason) for something happening

Example:

J5 Moreover, many educational psychologists argue today that strict classroom discipline is actually a disincentive to effective and efficient learning.

1____	As a result, more and more	6____	_ Whats more, it has never been
	Graduates are leaving university with bank balances deeply in the red.		Proved that children who are taught by their parents at home receive less of a grounding in social and life
2____	_ However, this ignores the fact that		Skills.
	Mixed-ability classes often discriminate against the more able students in those classes.	7____	_ In consequence, it seems clear that the way forward is to have as highly educated a workforce as possible.
3____	In addition, society has to recognise that schools can never totally replace the role of the parent when it comes to moral guidance.	8____	_ Thus, until we deal with the generally inadequate standard of state school teaching, there will always be a market for private
4____	_ On the other hand, school uniforms		Schools.
	Do instil in pupils a sense of belonging.	9 _	_ Lastly, the school has recently introduced craft, design and
5____	Apart from that, we also need to consider the important issue of		Technology courses to the curriculum.
	Whether university lecturers have actually received any training in how to communicate their knowledge effectively to their students.	10____	_ Despite this, teachers are still leaving the profession in droves, fed up with the education system being treated as a political football by politicians.

Find and write

Underline the words or phrases in each second sentence which helped you make your decision. Then write them in the appropriate column in the table below.

Introducing contrast	Introducing a supporting argument	Introducing a result

I t

Develop your reading skills

What comes next?

Here are some more sentences. For each one, decide what kind of point the writer makes in the next sentence.

Write in the gap:

A For a point which CONTRASTS (disagrees) with the point made in the previous sentence

B For a point which SUPPORTS (agrees with) the point made in the previous sentence

C For a point which gives the EFFECT (the result) of the point made in the previous sentence

D For a point which is the writer’sown OPINION

E For a point which is someone else’s OPINION

F For a CONCLUSION

G For an EXAMPLE

1 On the one hand, we do have to have a system that adequately tests what has been taught. On the other hand,

2 Firstly, there is no evidence that left-handed students are treated any differently by teachers than right-handed students. Secondly,

3 A number of teachers have managed to reduce the amount of homework they assign their students without it affecting overall performance.

For instance,

4 We have seen in this chapter that there are a number of ways for the teacher to attempt to motivate a troublesome class. To sum up,

5 The number of school leavers from disadvantaged backgrounds entering higher education is falling dramatically. According to the Education Research Foundation,

6 If education doesn’t prepare our children for the realities of modern working practices, then it is failing both our children and our society as a whole. Therefore,

7 Corporal punishment is seen by most people today as being barbaric, unnecessary, destructive and old-fashioned. To my mind,

How did you know?

Underline the words or phrases which helped you make your decision.

When do writers use these expressions?

Here are some more words, phrases and expressions which we sometimes find in texts. Writers use them to make their argument clearer. What do they tell us?

Write a letter from the list A-G In exercise C next to each expression below.

1 For example,

2 Furthermore,

3 As far as Γm concerned,

4 In conclusion,

5 For this reason,

6 But…

7 As I see it,

8 Secondly,

9 Personally,

10 Finally,

11 In my opinion,

12 It seems to me that…

13 To conclude,

14 Because of this,

15 … such as…

16 Having said that,

Read these sentences and then use the words in bold to complete the sentences below.

■ Qualifications Are exam results which prove you have reached a certain level.

■ Γm going to get a job as soon as I Graduate From university.

■ The qualification you get when you graduate from university is called a Degree.

■ In Britain, a Public school Is a private, fee-paying school.

■ In the USA, a public school is a State school, Which is run by the government and is free to attend.

■ She went to Nursery (SchooI)Zkindergarten When she was two years old.

■ We’re not taking exams this year at school; all our work is Assessed.

■ Γd like you all to write an Essay Entitled ‘Deception in Hamlet.’

■ If you are Illiterate, You don’t know how to read and write.

■ Your Skills Are the things that you can do well.

1 I’ve got to write an this

Weekend on the causes of the First World War.

2 Apart from a GCSE in English, do you have any other?

3 35% of this course is examined, and the rest is throughout the year.

4 Because Jeffrey had been a boarder at an expensive, he adapted to prison life remarkably easily.

5 I personally believe that the system is much fairer, as every pupil, irrespective of how much money their parents have, receives the same quality of education.

6 There are far too many adults today; something must be done about it.

7 Almost all children round here go to a until they’re five years old.

8 He’s got some very impressive qualifications, but do you think he’s got the necessary for the job?

9 As long as I don’t completely mess up my university final exams, I should

From Warwick next July.

10 I think Helen’s got an honours

In German Literature from Hull University.

З ————————————————

Practise your reading skills

Reading know-how

■ Просмотрите текст, чтобы понять его основное содержание. IIe обращайте внимания иа незнакомые слова.

■ Убедитесь, что предложение, которое вы выбрали в качестве ответа, является логическим продолжением предыдущего предложения, а также ЛОГИЧЕСКИ и

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИ связано с последующим предложением.

Обращай те внимание на слова-связки, которые помогут вам установить логические связи между предложениями и выбрать правильный ответ.

Начинайте выполнять задание с самых простых заданий.

You are going to read a guide for international university students. Seven sentences have been removed from the guide. Choose from the sentences A-H The one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Alcot University

Guide for International Students

Welcome to the University of Alcot. We very much hope that your time here will be both highly productive and highly enjoyable, but we do recognise that it is not always easy for students from other countries to adapt to campus life in Britain. ∣~ O ∣ H ~∣

Your Hall of Residence contains twelve rooms, all like yours. The kitchen and bathrooms are communal. In the interests of hygiene and respect for your flatmates, we would ask you to keep these shared facilities as clean and tidy as possible. These rooms will be cleaned

By a member of the cleaning staff once a day (Monday to Friday). 1 ∣ Please be

Polite and respectful to your cleaners — they have a difficult and unpleasant job to do. Your Hall Tutor will introduce himself or herself to you over the next few days. If you have any problems with anything to do with your life on campus, they are there to help you.

Student social life revolves around the Student Union, which is the large yellow building opposite the library. ∣2 ∣ ∣ As a student

At Alcot, you are automatically a member of
the Union. This entitles you to use all the facilities and to vote in all Union elections and meetings.

3 I ISee The Alcot Excalibur, the free weekly student newspaper, for further information regarding upcoming Union events.

Regarding your course of studies, you will receive a letter in the next couple of days from your Head of Department inviting you to attend a welcome meeting for new students. You will be given further information concerning your course at this meeting. ∣4 ∣ ∣ He or she will be able to

Deal with any academic problems or questions you may have.

Discuss

In pairs, discuss your answers.

Which words or phrases in the text and in the list of sentences helped you get the

I 5 I IIf you have any problems, issues or concerns directly related to that fact that you are a non-British citizen, these can be referred to the International Office. Situated next to the Arts Building, the International Office is staffed by one permanent Welfare Officer and a body of trained student volunteers. They are experienced in handling issues related to visas, immigration and police registration. 6 ∣ ∣

Further information regarding other university facilities, such as the medical centre, sports centre, arts centre and library, can be found in the accompanying Alcot Guide for Undergraduates. This also contains useful phone numbers and a map of the campus.

Grammar focus

We Do recognise That it is not always easy for students from other countries to adapt to campus life in Britain. = ‘We Recognise …’With extra emphasis

This is the emphatic present simple.

He Did pass The exam. = ‘He Passed…’With extra emphasis

This is the emphatic past simple.

Why did the writer or speaker decide to use the emphatic form in these sentences? Circle the correct reason a or b.

Look at the pictures. In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

* What are the advantages of each way of studying shown in the photographs?

■ Do you personally learn better alone or in a group?

■ Do you like studying languages? Why/Why not?

Develop your writing skills

What do I have to include?

Read this question.

You saw this advertisement for a course and contacted the college for more details, making the notes below. Read the advertisement and the notes carefully.

Write a letter to your penfriend, who you know is interested in languages, telling them about the course.

Saluton. Kiel vi fart as?

Confused? Don’t be. That’s Esperanto for ‘Hello. How are you?’ Esperanto is an artificial language spoken by many people around the world. How would you like to learn Esperanto from home? With our new home study course you could be communicating in Esperanto with people from many countries Qh just two montħ⅛. Absolute beginners are welcome. Low fee. Call 01276 333451

-~4⅛r further details∖Coursedirector:MrHope, EurolinguaCollege

It is very important to include all the right information from your notes. Tick which of the following pieces of information you have to include.

1 Esperanto isn’t a confusing language.

2 It was invented in 1887.

3 You have to pay extra for the textbooks.

4 The fee is €60.

5 Your friend could do the course over the summer.

6 ‘Saluton’ means ‘Hello’ in Esperanto.

7 There are 2 million speakers of Esperanto around the world.

How did they do?

Read these two paragraphs from letters written by different students in answer to the composition question above. Underline where they mention the points from the notes above.

I called them for you yesterday. The secretary told me about the guy who invented it in 1887, but I can’ t remember his name. I do remember that there are something like two million speakers around the world, though. She said it was €60 for a two-month course, which you could possibly do over the summer. You can get more information from the course director, Mr Hope. Do you want the number?

Tkeve <nve Two wullio⅛∖ Speenkevs λvo⅛λ4<A Eke wovlΛ. EspevenhEo wens iwehEe<λ in |??7. Tke — Pee is — Pov en Ewo-VnonEk couvse, ovev Eke swwu*∖ev i∙P yoiΛ like. TexEVooks exEven. Tke couvse eλivecEov is Mv Hope. Cenll ki⅛h on 0∣27<S 33S4T∣.

Write the correct number, 1 Or 2, To answer the following questions.

Which writer has…

A Written natural sentences using the prompts?

B copied one of the prompts without understanding it?

C Forgotten to mention one of the prompts?

D Used an appropriate style?

E Not thought about the grammar of the prompts?

Develop your writing skills

Here is an incomplete answer to the question above.

Tick which of the following points the writer has mentioned.

A Esperanto was invented in 1887.

B You have to pay extra for the textbooks, C The fee is €60 for the 2-month course, D Your friend could do the course over the summer, E There are 2 million speakers of Esperanto around the world.

Now write the missing paragraph in your notebook, including the remaining points from above.

Dew Jenny,

Hi! How we you? THwks for your IwH IefHev. <Sve^f news <nbouf your cen⅛-. Seven ki⅛÷ens! Your House musf be cH<nos <*H HHe momev⅛f!

Anyweny, Iisfen. I knou∕ you SeniA you were ⅛-Hinking of Iewning <n new Iwguenge buf you cou∣A½’f AeciAe wHicH one. H<nve you HHougHf enbouf EsperwHo, HHe <nrfi∙Pici<n∣ ∣wgu<*,ge? I s<nw enn <nA — Por en Home sfuAy course HHe o∏Her Aeny wA if SounAeA per-Pecf -Por you. I c<nlleA HHe college wA HHey HolA me <n bif enbouf EsperwHo. If υ√ens invenfeA in 18,8,7 wA HHere we enbouf Hwo million Speenkers. wounA HHe worlA.

VjHenH Ao you HHink? I’ll SenA you HHe number o-P HHe college if you’re inferesfeA.

AlmosH ∙Porgof. Pefer senys Hello. I Henve Ho go now — Gemw Homework. You’re nof HHe only one Aoing Iwguenges, you know!

Lofs of love,

Tinen

Read your partner’s writing

Swap paragraphs and read what your partner has written.

Using your partners paragraph, answer the following questions.

1 Has my partner used all the remaining prompts?

2 Has my partner put them into natural sentences?

3 Has my partner used an appropriate informal style?

Study the model

Read the question on page 213. Circle which of the following the writer has to mention.

Now read model composition 3 on page 213.

Underline the phrases where the writer mentions the necessary information above.

What style has the writer used?

Composition development

Read this composition question and do the exercises that follow.

You saw this advertisement for a course and contacted them for more details, making the notes below. Read the advertisement and the notes carefully. Write a Letter To your penfriend, who you know is interested in improving their memory, telling them about the course. — x

Want to improve your memory

Our new distance learning(^ourse~Vvi]l teach you how.
Remember names and telephone numbers.
Easily learn words in a foreign language.

You’ll be amazed at the results in just 10 days!
Call TonyWelIand on 0943 453297.

Brainstorming

Answer the following questions. Discuss your answers with the class.

What’s your penfriends name?______________________________________________________

What news might you tell them before you mention the course?

Where do you do the course?_______________________________________________________

How long does the course last?_____________________________________________________

How much does the course cost?___________________________________________________

What does certificate at end’ mean?_________________________________________________

What reason will you give for ending your letter?

How might you close your letter?____________________________________________________

What would be an appropriate style?_________________________________________________

How many points do you need to include?____________________________________________

From prompts to sentences

For each prompt, write a sentence that you might use to tell your penfriend that information.

1 complete course: 2 months 3 Cost: £55

2 Send you worksheets with exercises 4 Certificate at end

Make it informal

For each of these sentences, write a second sentence that gives the same information in an informal, friendly style.

1 Regarding your enquiry, I am pleased to be able to report that my mother’s health is much improved.

2 I received the news of your recent success in your examinations with satisfaction.

3 I would like to inform you that the total cost will be approximately £55.

Unit

Homework

Now write your letter.

Practise your writing skills

Informal transactional letter

Writing know-how

■ Убедитесь в том, что ваше сочинение написано в стиле, соответствующем заданию и включает все пункты, перечисленные в нем.

Write an answer to the following question in 120-180 Words in an appropriate style.

You saw this advertisement for a summer course abroad and contacted the college for further details, making the notes below. You have decided to attend the course and would like to invite a friend of yours who lives in another town to join you.

Read the advertisement and the notes carefully. Then write a Letter To your friend, giving the necessary information and trying to persuade your friend to join you.

Windsor College Summer Courses in English

• Experienced tutors for all levels.

• Reasonable fees.

• Accommodation available.

Beautiful college in countryside setting.
Morning lessons, with afternoon outings arranged.
Call 01223 37565 for further details.

Grammar focus

When we write notes, we often miss out the articles.

Principal said we must pay fee. = The Principal said we must pay The Fee.

When you are given notes as prompts, you have to make sure you use the correct articles (a, an, the) in your writing. Rewrite the following prompts in complete sentences, using articles where appropriate.

1 College has swimming pool at back.

2 College may offer discount on fee for group.

3 Exams take place in local school.

4 Library is open for few hours each morning.

5 College charges extra €30 for Welcome Party.

Look at the pictures. In pairs, ask and answer the following questions:

■ What are the main differences between the sports shown in the photographs?

* Which is more important to you when playing games: winning or enjoying yourself?

■ Do you prefer to be part of a team or to compete individually?

■ Have you tried any of the sports in the pictures?

Develop your reading skills ∕~j∕

What’s the sport?

You are going to read some statements which are all concerned with sport.

Read the statements as quickly as you can, and write on the line below each statement which sport you think the statement is about.

Tm not so keen on the field events such as the javelin and the high jump, but I love all the track events, especially the 1500 m.’

What’s the sport?

‘And it’s a goal! What a match! So, that’s three two to Blackburn… six more minutes till half-time.’

What’s the sport?

‘I think there’s a real feeling of achievement once you get to the top. You know, it’s just man against nature, and you’ve actually done it. It’s a great feeling!’

What’s the sport?

‘I tried it for the first time when we were on holiday last summer. I spent about fifteen minutes practising on the beach: standing on the board, holding the sail, trying to keep my balance. I thought Γd got the hang of it, but as soon as I actually got in the water I couldn’t stay on at all.

John couldn’t stop laughing!’

What’s the sport?

‘It’s a bit like tennis in that there’s a net and you’re trying to get the ball over the net. But you don’t have a racket, and you hit the ball with your hands or your wrists. Also, you’ve got to hit the ball before it touches the ground.’

What’s the sport?

The course at St Andrew’s is one of the most challenging courses in the country. Even the most experienced professionals sometimes end up stuck in the sand, or losing their ball in the lake.’

What’s the sport?

‘They don’t have a pool at school, so I usually take the kids to the local leisure centre every Saturday afternoon. They love it. Nicola usually does lengths, and Adam just splashes around in the shallow end.’

What’s the sport?

Find and write

Find THREE words or phrases in each statement which helped you make your decision. Write them in the table below.

Statement	First word∕phrase	Second word∕phrase	Third WordZphrase
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

In pairs, discuss your answers. Do you agree?

Develop your reading skills

What did they mean?

Look at the statements again on the previous page and circle the best answer to each question.

Statement 1

Which of these events would the speaker probably prefer to watch?

A The hurdles

B the discus

Statement 2

Is Blackburn winning?

A yes

B No

Statement 3

The speaker says: once you get to the top’. Who is ‘you’?

A The person the speaker is speaking to B The speaker and other climbers

Statement 4

Why does the speaker use the word ‘actually’?

A To emphasise the fact that they did take the board into the water eventually

B To emphasise the difference between practising and doing the sport for real

Statement 5

Which word or phrase does the speaker use to compare this sport with tennis?

A In that

B Also

Statement 6

Why does the speaker use the word ‘Even’?

A To emphasise that the course is not just used by amateurs B To emphasise that everyone finds the course difficult

Statement 7

Who is probably the better swimmer?

A Nicola

B Adam

L⅞⅝⅛ι⅛

DiscussW√

In pairs, discuss your answers.

How did you decide which answer was correct?

Match

Here are some more short statements about different sports. Match the statements 1-7 With their meanings (a-g) Below.

1 You ought to take some waterproof clothes with you.

2 I don’t think you lost because your opponent was better. I think you lost because of your strategy.

3 You’re going so fast and just concentrating on winning that you don’t have time to think about the danger.

4 Injury is an occupational hazard for professional athletes.

5 You’ve got to be prepared to go out and train every day, whatever the weather.

6 Don’t forget that you’re a team!

7 The referee said it was out, so there’s no point arguing.

A Your mind is focused on one thing.

B You have to follow the rules.

C You have to be very dedicated to your sport.

D You’ll probably get wet.

E You have to work together.

F You have to accept that accidents can happen.

G You could have made some better decisions.

Read these sentences and then use the words in bold to complete the sentences below.

» The match was a Draw, With both sides scoring three goals.

■ The Spectators Clapped and cheered when Williams came onto the court.

■ The Referee∕ref Blew the whistle and the game began.

■ Football, cricket and rugby are played on a Pitch∕field.

■ Basketball, volleyball and tennis are played on a Court.

■ Only six of the Competitors Will get through to the final.

■ Athletics Includes events such as the IOO m, the pole vault and the long jump.

■ Gymnastics Includes events such as the beam, and activities such as vaulting.

■ I think Betting On horse races and boxing matches is a complete waste of money.

■ She won a million pounds on the football Pools!

1 There aren’t any finals today, so there won’t be many in the stadium.

2 The has to be completely

Impartial; he can’t favour either team, or it’s not fair.

3 Professional goalkeepers can kick the ball from one end of the to the other.

4 There’s no point on him;

He’s lost the last three fights!

5 We used to do at school in

The summer term; I was quite a good sprinter.

6 In tennis, the is wider for

Doubles matches than it is For singles.

7 My dad does the every

Week, but I prefer the lottery.

8 Are in Olympic events

Allowed to be professional athletes?

9 I love watching; it’s incredible how they keep their balance on such narrow pieces of equipment.

10 What happens if it’s a? Do they have a rematch?

Practise your reading skills

Reading know-how

* Подчеркните в тексте слова и поставьте рядом номер вопроса, к которому они относятся. Это позволит вам

Значи тельно сократил и время на проверку задания.

■ Не с тарай тесь детально поня ть содержание текста до того, как вы прочтете вопросы. Сначала прочитайте вопросы. Затем просмотрите каждый абзац и постарайтесь най ти ключевые слова и фразы, которые связаны с вопросами.

You are going to read some information about some sports centres.

For questions 1-15, Choose from the sports centres (A-F). Some of the centres may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Which sports centre or sports centres:

Mainly provides activities for young people?

Offers special diets for its diners?

Arranges particular activities for pensioners?

Do you have to join before you can use its facilities? advertises that it particularly welcomes disabled people? has plans to expand the range of sports it currently offers? would appeal to people who like animals?

Serves food?

Offers a financial saving to large groups of visitors? emphasises that its activities are not dangerous?

A Manor House Sports Centre

Manor House Sports Centre is committed to its policy of Sport for All. To that end, you can be assured of a warm welcome and a friendly, relaxed atmosphere whatever your shape, size or age. You haven’t taken part in any sporting activities for more years than you care to remember? Don’t let that put you off. Here at Manor House we believe it’s never too late to start. Whether you’re interested in joining a team, getting fit, professional training or just having a relaxing swim in the pool, Manor House is the place for you. No membership fee. Reasonable entrance fees. Discounts for OAPs, students, the disabled and the unemployed.

Stanton Bridge Sports and Leisure Centre

Stanton Bridge is a purpose-built luxury sports complex in the heart of the Hertfordshirei countryside. Opened in 1999, we now boast a membership of over 1,000 satisfied people. Your yearly membership fee covers the use of all our facilities For you and your family, whenever you wish. A 9-hole golf course, heated Olympic swimming pool, fitness centre,, indoor badminton, squash and tennis courts, 5-a-side football and all-weather hockey pitch are just some of the many facilities we offer. There’s also a 5-star restaurant, cafe and bar. Membership details on request.

Bay Hill

Organising a school outdoor sports holiday for your pupils? Bay Hill has the solution you’re looking for. Situated in the unspoilt beauty of the Lake District, Bay Hill specialises in providing action-packed outdoor adventure holidays for teenagers. We offer it all: full accommodation and catering, horse riding, canoeing, sailing, and swimming in our fully-equipped leisure centre. Our highly trained and experienced instructors ensure absolute safety. Free meals and accommodation for teachers when travelling with parties of 10 or more pupils.

The Millennium Centre

Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays: The Millennium Centre is the number one sports and activities provider in the South East for the mentally and physically disabled.

Tuesdays, Thursdays: Health, fitness and fun for the over-65s.

Saturdays, Sundays: Family Fun (children under 4 free).

Coach parties welcome (discounts for parties booking more than 1 week in advance). Full wheelchair access.

Dalton Sport

Dalton Sport is a member-run sports and social club in Plymouth. Regular events and get- togethers, plus fishing trips on our own fishing boat, Dalton Sport II. Tennis lessons available. We’re currently raising funds to build our own heated swimming pool. Come along and join us!

I Cheap monthly membership fee.

Evergreen

Recharge your batteries at Evergreen. 1-and 2-week activity holidays at our countryside sports club and hotel. Whether you want to relax in the sauna, take up a martial art or go pony trekking through the Brecon Beacons, Evergreen can accommodate. Vegetarians and I vegans catered for. Colour brochure and price list on request. Sorry, no children under the age of 14. Only limited wheelchair access.

Discuss

In pairs, discuss the words you underlined that gave you the answers. Did you underline the same things?

Grammar focus

No Membership fee. = There is no Membership fee.

Organising A school outdoor sports holiday for your pupils?

= Are you organising A school outdoor sports holiday for your pupils?

No children. = No Children Are allowed.

Rewrite these notes as full sentences.

1 Want To get fit and have fun at the same time? 4 Only Limited wheelchair access.

2 Satisfied With your local gym?

Look at the pictures. In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

■ What facilities for sports does your town have?

■ Are you a member of a gym? Would you like to be?

■ What facilities do you think a sports centre should have?

Develop your writing skills

Looking at layout

Even though you can’t read the words, you can still say what kinds of composition these are. Match the diagrams to the composition type and write why.

1 __ 2 _ 3 —

A letter

Diagram number:____

Why? _____________________________________________________________

A report

Diagram number:____

Why? _____________________________________________________________

A discursive composition

Diagram number:____

Why? _____________________________________________________________

Complete the table

For each type of composition, tick the correct boxes.

	Often has a title	Has paragraphs	Uses headings	Your name appears in it
Article
Report
Letter
Story
Discursive composition

Starting a report

Read this question and complete the start of the report.

You work for a local tourist information office. Your manager has asked you to write a report on the new sports centre which opened recently in your town. Describe the facilities offered by the sports centre and explain how interested you think tourists would be in visiting it.

To:_________________

From:_________________

Subject:_________________

Which of these can also be used at the start of a report? Choose two.

Date: Conclusion:

Mark: Re:

How did they do?

Read these two paragraphs from two different answers to the question above

Swimming Pool

Tke PovciliHeS ovP Pke SpovPs cenPve include лч olywvpic-siz-еД pool, which is Phe only one oP PkovP siz, e in ouv ovveov. Цок only will ip be useX Pov- Peovm Pvovining апДvoices, buP ip will ovlso be open Po Pke public on some. Aovys oP Pke week. vJe skou∣A expecP ip Po ovPPvovcP movny PouvisPs Po Pke cenPve.

TTio-Ve — iς A ςwimmin^. Pool, a ζnacjz. bar, indoor +enniζ eovr+ς and baςke+ball cx>υr+ς. I think, People will Probably Iikz — +he≤e facilities. There are — bi^. ohan^in^. Rootrς and Friendly aζζiςtantζ. I we aξk the manager For

∣Eaf∣Etζ we can ^j√e To toυriςtζ.

Write a paragraph

Complete this answer to the question above by writing a paragraph of about 30 words. Read your paragraph to the class and listen to other students’ paragraphs.

To: Mr Johnson

From: Debbie Lambert

Subject: The new sports centre

Introduction

As requested, I have visited the new sports centre in King Street-The centre has now been open for two months. The main facilities are the basketball courts, the gymnasium and the ice-skating rink.

Basketball courts

The centre has three courts, which are generally modern and well — maintained. They are often booked days ahead and we should tell tourists this when they contact us for information.

Gymnasium

Ice-skating rink

The rink is in excellent condition and has already attracted people from other towns. The centre organises classes in skating on Saturday mornings, which are popular with young people.

Conclusion

To sum up, the sports centre is very positive for our area. We can expect it to attract a number of visitors. I suggest asking the manager to provide us with leaflets to hand out to tourists.

Study the model

Read model composition 4 on page 213 and do the following task.

Underline in the model…

A Where the writer mentions the subject of the report.

B a good phrase for introducing a report.

C Two places where the writer gives a summary of the report.

D The writers suggestion.

E The reader of the report.

Composition development

Read this composition question and do the exercises that follow.

You have a part-time job in a sports shop. The manager wants to make the shop more popular with young people and has asked you to write a report making some recommendations.

Write your Report For your manager.

Brainstorming

Answer the following questions, using your imagination where necessary.

Discuss your answers with the class.

What is your manager’s name?______________________________________________________

What is the subject of your report?__________________________________________________

Write three reasons why young people might prefer other shops.

1 ______________________________________________________________________________

2 ______________________________________________________________________________

3 ______________________________________________________________________________

Whatthree solutions could you suggest?

1 ______________________________________________________________________________

2_______________________________________________________________________________

3_______________________________________________________________________________

What style would be appropriate for your report?

Choose the best headings

Read these headings and circle the ones you think might be good to use in this report. Choose three.

CThe people to blame Window display ;

» I

• I

I Prices Advertising

Football Facilities

Make it formal

These sentences are too informal for a report. Express the same idea in a more formal way.

1 You should make things cheaper, shouldn’t you?

2 You know, it must be ages since you changed the window display.

3 Your advert is really boring and old-fashioned.

4 Get some new trainers.

Plan your paragraphs Complete the following paragraph plan, making notes on what you are going to include in each paragraph and what heading you are going to give each paragraph.

Repov÷ f>l<Ah
To; F√0vn: ■Subject-.

—
IntvoXtAcFion
PAvAgvApU 2	HetAeAing: _______________
Pav AgvtnpU 3	HeAeAing:__________
PAVAgvtnpU 4∙	HeAeAing:__________
Conclusion

Homework∙v∏‰

Now write your report.

Read this checklist. When you have written your report, tick the boxes.

■ I have used the correct format for a report.

■ I have clear headings for each paragraph.

■ I have used an appropriately formal style.

■ I have checked for spelling mistakes.

■ I have checked for grammar mistakes.

Read these sentences and then use the words in bold to complete the sentences below.

■ The new Sports centre∕leisure centre Has great tennis courts.

■ A Gym∕gymnasium Is a place where people go to get some exercise and try to get fit.

■ I Try to Work out At the gym at least once a week.

■ A Rink Is a place where people go to skate on the ice.

■ Mum, I need a new pair of Trainers, And they have to be the right brand.

■ I Don’t care which Side Wins as long as it’s a good match.

■ A Commentator Describes the action for people watching or listening at home.

■ Hang on! I think I’ve left my racket in the Changing room.

■ Our team Trains At least three times a week and sometimes more.

■ Whenever we play football, John Picks All his friends to be on the same side.

1 ‘And it’s a goal!’ the shouted

Excitedly.

2 If you want to get in shape, why don’t you join a?

3 I just hope the other don’t

Score before the final whistle.

4 What this town needs is a new with modern facilities.

5 Greg deserves to get into the team because he harder than anybody else.

6 Don’t leave any valuables behind in the

7 I can’t run as fast as the other runners in these old

8 I hope the coach doesn’t forget me when he the team for this Saturday.

9 They’re putting on a professional ice show at the this weekend.

10 I used to, but now I’ve let myself get a bit out of shape.

Practise your writing skills

Report

Writing know-how

Соблюдайте порядок оформления письменной работы и помните о делении текста па абзацы. Не забывай ге, что при написании отчета, каждый абзац должен быть озаглавлен.

Each of these reports should be written in 120-180 Words in an appropriate style.

1 You have a part-time job in a gym. The manager wants to attract more customers and has asked you to write a report making some recommendations.

Write your Report For your manager.

2 You work for a local football club. The club is considering making changes to its stadium. The manager has asked you to write a report on the current stadium, suggesting improvements.

Write your Report.

Grammar focus

The sports centre offers a great opportunity to local people.

When a sentence has a direct object (a great opportunity)And an indirect object (local people),It is often better to rewrite the sentence as follows: The sports centre offers local people a great opportunity.

Rewrite the following sentences in the same way.

1 I am writing this letter to you to request information about membership Of the gym.

2 The coach ordered some new equipment for the team.

3 My mum bought some new trainers for my sister.

4 I asked the company to make a special tennis racket for me.

5 Simon asked me to lend my new football to him.

6 The player passed the ball to the captain.

7 Give the microphone to the commentator.

Источник

Тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку по теме «Образование»

Мы надеемся, что ваши студенты уже прошли первый подготовленный нами вариант ЕГЭ «Хобби, спорт, свободное время» и сделали это успешно. Сегодня мы готовы представить второй вариант по теме «Образование”. В кодификаторе это темы «Возможности продолжения образования в высшей школе», «Школьное образование. Изучаемые предметы, отношение к ним. Каникулы», «Роль иностранных языков».

Тренировочный вариант представлен в виде презентации, которую вы можете найти здесь:

Ответы расположены на последнем слайде.

Понравилась статья? Подпишитесь и получайте свежие материалы прямо на почту!

Источник

1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Education: the Way to the Top
2. From Agony to Love
3. Teaching to Learn
4. Learning That Never Stops
5. Things Worth Learning
6. The Right Word Can Bring Changes
7. What My Father Taught Me
8. The Power of Numbers

A. Education has the power to transform a person’s life. I am the living example of this. When I was on the streets, I thought I was not good at anything but I wrote a poem, and it got published. I went back to school to learn. I have learned the benefit of research and reading, of debate and listening. One day soon a group of fresh-faced college students will call me professor.

B. Language has the capacity to change the world and the way we live in it. People are often afraid to call things by their direct names, use taboos not to notice dangerous tendencies. Freedom begins with naming things. This has to happen in spite of political climates, careers being won or lost, and the fear of being criticized. After Helen Caldicott used the word ‘nuclear arms race’ an anti-nuclear movement appeared.

C. I never wanted to be a teacher. Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English. I consider my job to be one of the most important aspects of my life, still I do not teach for the love of teaching. I am a teacher because I love to learn, and I have come to realize that the best way to learn is to teach.

D. One day my sister and I got one and the same homework. My sister finished the task in 2 minutes and went off to play. But I could not do it, so I went into my sister’s room and quickly copied her work. But there was one small problem: my father caught me. He didn’t punish me, but explained that cheating makes people feel helpless. And then I was left feeling guilty for cheating.

E. Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading. It is equally important to get the habit of asking such questions as ‘what don’t I know about this topic, or subject?’, ‘what can I learn from this moment or person?’, and ‘what more do I need to learn?’ regardless of where I am, who I am talking to, or what I am doing.

F. Math has always been something that I am good at. Mathematics attracts me because of its stability. It has logic; it is dependable and never changes. There might be some additions to the area of mathematics, but once mathematics is created, it is set in stone. We would not be able to check emails or play videogames without the computer solving complex algorithms.

G. When my high school English teacher asked us to read Shakespeare, I thought it was boring and too difficult. I agonized over the syntax — I had never read anything like this. But now I am a Shakespeare professor, arid enjoy teaching Hamlet every semester. Each time I re-read the play, I find and learn something new for myself.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

The Power of ‘Hello’

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, ___ (A).

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, ___ (B).

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail ___ (C)’. That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who l am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in; ___ (D). I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point, I asked him ___ (E). He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’

I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, ___ (F).

1. it has become a way of life.
2. when it passes you on the street.
3. when you see him and talk to him.
4. and it lets them come into mine, too.
5. so I did not pay any attention to him.
6. however small or simple the greeting is.
7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

A	B	C	D	E	F

3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

In his childhood the narrator’s idea of happiness was to
1) get what he wanted.
2) live an interesting life.
3) be an influential person.
4) make other people happy.

4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The narrator heard what his father used to say, but did not
1) believe him.
2) agree with him.
3) understand him.
4) think over his words.

5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

From his early childhood till he finished school the narrator was convinced that
1) society was extremely unfair.
2) media added value to society.
3) money was the only thing that ensured happiness.
4) the wealthy could not spend money properly.

6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

After the second year in the college the narrator decided to
1) start to work.
2) quit his studies.
3) change the college.
4) take a summer course.

7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The narrator’s internship proved that
1) it was not a money-making job.
2) he had chosen the wrong job.
3) he could not cope with professional tasks.
4) he had to get rid of his family and friends to keep the position.’

Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

It became obvious to the narrator that he
1) needed to think of another career.
2) would like to work only in summer.
3) would like to have a higher position.
4) preferred ordinary non-professional work.

9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The summer for the narrator was
1) monotonous and lonely.
2) dragged out and boring.
3) dynamic and satisfying.
4) difficult but inspirational.

Источник

Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна, учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы — 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 35 лет.

Подвигина Марина Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы — 15 лет.

Раздел 2 «Чтение» включает в себя 3 задания

Задания данного раздела проверяют понимание основного содержания текста, понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте, полное и точное понимание информации в тексте. Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 30 минут. Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.

1. Задание под номером 10, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7, сформулировано следующим образом:

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Даются 8 заголовков и 7 текстов. Под установлением соответствий подразумевается подбор подходящих заголовков к каждому тексту. Это задание проверяет умение понимать основную идею (содержание) каждого текста, отделять главное от второстепенного, игнорировать избыточную информацию и незнакомые слова, не мешающие пониманию основного содержания.

Для успешного выполнения задания предлагаем вам следующим алгоритм действия:

Прочитайте заголовки (темы или краткие утверждения) и определите: что в них общего и чем они отличаются друг от друга: проблемой, отношением к проблеме и т.д.
В процессе ознакомления с заголовками целесообразно подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова или сделать другие пометки.
Глядя на заголовки, попытайтесь предугадать основное содержание текста, подобрать слова/словосочетания, которые необходимы для раскрытия данной темы/ проблемы/ ситуации.
Просмотрите каждый текст, игнорируя незнакомые слова и выражения, с тем, чтобы понять его основную идею.
По мере прочтения каждого текста отмечайте все возможные варианты ответа рядом с текстом, помечая заголовок в списке как использованный. (Не забывайте, что на бланках КИМ разрешается делать любые пометки.)
При возникших затруднениях с определением соответствия текста заголовку (теме, краткому утверждению), прочтите текст еще раз и попытайтесь сформулировать его основную идею самостоятельно, затем выберите наиболее близкий вариант по содержанию из оставшихся и отметьте его.
Если текст кажется совсем непонятным, отложите его. Подобрав заголовки к другим текстам и действуя методом исключения, у вас останется два заголовка и один текст — шансов даже просто угадать уже гораздо больше.
Вернитесь к тем текстам, где изначально были выбраны несколько возможных соответствий.
Продумайте и обоснуйте самому себе выбор того или иного соответствия с опорой на текст.
Проверьте правильность других выбранных соответствий. Убедитесь, что вы не использовали одну и ту же букву дважды.
Удостоверьтесь, что оставшийся заголовок не подходит ни к одному тексту.
Запишите окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.

Давайте проверим, насколько наша тактика работает на примере. Даны следующие заголовки для соотнесения с текстами:

1. A shop that inspired writers	5. Birth of a popular sport
2. Country’s brave defenders	6. Textile business links
3. A truly international place	7. A nice-sounding building
4. Governesses of rich children	8. The initial steps of commerce

Выделяем ключевые слова в каждом из них:

1. A shop that inspired writers	5. Birth of a popular sport
2. Country’s brave defenders	6. Textile business links
3. A truly international place	7. A nice-sounding building
4. Governesses of rich children	8. The initial steps of commerce

Читаем тексты и определяем основную мысль каждого из них. Выделяем ключевые слова и выражения в заголовках. Соотносим заголовки с текстами, находя синонимичные слова и фразы в тексте и заголовках:

A. Moscow has always been a multicultural city. If we look back at its history, we will see that there were several foreign communities living in Moscow on a permanent basis. We all know about German people inhabiting the banks of the Yauza river, where little Peter, the future tsar of all Russia, ran around, made friends and got his first ideas of learning about ships and fleets. But what do we know about the British community of Moscow? Did it even exist?

(Ответ 3: — multicultural city — 3. A truly international place)

B. The first ties between Russia and Britain were formed in the middle of the 16th century in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was then that some wealthy British merchants founded the Muscovy Company which held a monopoly on trade between Britain and Russia until 1698. The building of its Moscow headquarters was granted to the company by the tsar in 1556 and can be still visited at 4, Varvarka Street, known to us now as The Old English Court.

(Ответ 8: — first ties — 8. The initial steps of commerce. Возможен также вариант 4 — 4.Textile business links. Оставляем оба до конца работы с текстом.)

С. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles. Among the most famous ones were Field Marshall James Bruce, Field Marshall Barclay de Tolly and Admiral Thomas Mackenzie, all of them of Scottish origin.

(Ответ 2 — defending Russian borders in different wars and battles — 2.Country’s brave defenders)

D. In the 18th century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 150 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

(Ответ 6 — intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry — Textile business links, т.е. вариант уходит из текста В, поскольку в том тексте нет информации о текстиле, а в этом говорится о хлопке)

E. If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1960s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed in the English neo-gothic architectural style, was in fact built in 1885 by Robert McGill and is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

(Ответ 7 — fantastic acoustics — 7. A nice-sounding building)

F. Another spectacular example of British architecture in Moscow is the old building of TsUM next to the Bolshoy and Maly theatres. Built in the early 1900s, it was back then the biggest department store in Moscow. It was owned by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archie Mirrielees. Mayakovsky mentions Muir&Mirrielees in several of his poems, while Chekhov named his dogs after its two owners.

(Ответ 1 — department store — 1. A shop that inspired writers)

G. In 1887, two other cotton industrialists from Lancashire, Clement and Harry Charnock, moved to work at a cotton factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, near Moscow. They were both great football fans and decided to introduce this game to the workers of the factory. This resulted in the first professional football team in Russia which after the Revolution became the core of Moscow Dynamo team.

(Ответ 5 — the first professional football team — 5. Birth of a popular sport)

Лишний заголовок — 7. Governesses of rich children. Действительно, нет ни одного текста с информацией о гувернантках и богатых детях.

Заносим варианты в таблицу:

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок	3	8	2	6	7	1	5

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2. Задание под номером 11 повышенного уровня, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 6, сформулировано следующим образом:

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Предлагается текст (газетная или журнальная статья) с шестью пропусками, обозначенными буквами (A-F), и семь фрагментов предложений для заполнения пропусков, обозначенных цифрами (1-7). Один фрагмент предложения — лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения. Это задание проверяет понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста.

Для правильного выполнения задания следует:

1. Просмотреть весь текст (без выделенных фрагментов), определить его тему и основное содержание, не обращая внимания на незнакомые слова и выражения.

Surviving in a Desert
A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _________________. Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B __________________. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ___________________, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D ________________. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E ______________. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again. Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F ________________. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert. There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

2. Обратить внимание на пропуски в тексте и попытаться предугадать пропущенную информацию. Например, в приведенном выше тексте, пропусках А и В вероятно изъяты придаточные определительные предложения, начинающиеся со слова which.

3. Прочитать выделенные фрагменты и определить структурные особенности начала фрагмента (с точки зрения использования грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости), если таковые имеются.

1) which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
2) whenever it rains
3) to find water as far as 25 metres away
4) which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
5) to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
6) even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
7) that help them to live in the desert

Например, информация пункта 6 обычно занимает место в начале предложения и выделяется запятой, в тексте этому требованию соответствует пропуск С. Фрагменты пунктов 1 и 4 грамматически подходят к буквам А и В.

4. Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание не только на пунктуацию, но и на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предлога, союза и т.д.), надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте. Например, глагол help, предшествующий пропуску F, используется с инфинитивом, с которого начинаются фрагменты 3 и 5.
5. Если одна и та же грамматическая структура используется в начале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, необходимо учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений. В случае с пропуском F речь идет о пустынных зайцах, следовательно, пункт 5 больше подходит, так как в нем присутствует информация о теле, что больше подходит к животным.
6. По ходу чтения отмечать все возможные варианты соответствий, указывая нужные буквы рядом с цифрой пропуска или нужные цифры рядом с буквами, обозначающими выделенные фрагменты,
7. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, исключая уже использованные варианты.
8. Если остаются пропуски с двумя вариантами соответствий, следует обратить внимание на грамматические и лексические нормы сочетаемости и содержание текста.
9. Проверить правильность других выбранных соответствий.
10. Прочитать полученный текст с точки зрения смысла, логики и грамматики.
11. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.
12. Определить, насколько лишний фрагмент не подходит ко всем пропускам.

Проверим правильность нашей тактики на тексте. Внимательно читаем все предложение в тексте, где содержится первый пропуск. Определяем, что не хватает придаточного предложения, начинающегося со слова which. Из вариантов 1 и 4 выбираем 4 пропуск, так как предыдущая информация посвящена количеству дождя.

It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _4 ( which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually).

Пропуск В также сочетается с придаточным определительным предложением, но здесь речь идет о песке, т.е. подходит вариант 1

Most deserts are covered with sand, B _1 (which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes).

Как мы уже отмечали ранее, пропуску С соответствует пункт 6 по месту в предложении и наличию запятой. Проверяем по смыслу, подходит.

This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C _6 (even though the desert environment is very dry and hot, some living things are able to do well in this setting).

В пропуске D также должно быть определительное придаточное предложение, отсутствие запятой дает нам возможность выбрать пункт 7, так как по правилу ограничительных и распространительных определительных предложений that используется только в ограничительных предложений, не выделяемых запятой.

Many plants have changed and developed in ways D _7 (that help them to live in the desert).

В предложении с пропуском Е отсутствует информация либо об образе действия, либо о цели, либо о причине, т.е. подходит пункт 2.

Some plants are able to grow very quickly E _2 (whenever it rains).

Для пропуска F, как говорилось выше, соответствует пункт 5 по смыслу и с точки зрения грамматических связей.

The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_5 (to better distribute their body heat and stay cool).

Прочитываем восполненный текст, проверяем смысловые, логические и грамматические связи и заносим ответы в таблицу.

Ответ:

A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	6	7	2	5

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3. Задание под номерами 12-18, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7 (по 1 баллу за каждый правильный ответ), сформулировано следующим образом:

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

В третьем задании (А12-А18) части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых заданий с четырьмя вариантами ответов (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило, это либо начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных варианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта ответа. Это задание проверяет умение полностью понять содержание прочитанного, умение определять логические связи в предложении и между частями текста; умение делать выводы из прочитанного («читать между строк»), а также умение догадаться о значение слова (выражения) по контексту.

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, рекомендуется:

Быстро прочитать весь текст, не углубляясь в подробности для понимания общего содержания и основных событий рассказа.
При выполнении каждого задания внимательно перечитывайте только ту часть, где должен быть ответ. Выполняйте задание последовательно. Помните, что последовательность тестовых вопросов связана с последовательностью развития сюжета текста.
Прочитайте первый вопрос, подчеркните ключевые слова и найдите тот фрагмент текста, где должен быть ответ. Этим фрагментом может быть одно слово, выражение, целое предложение или абзац.
Выберите правильный ответ, обязательно найдя и подчеркнув то место в тексте, которое подтверждает ответ.
Не пытайтесь найти точно такие же слова и выражения, которые содержатся в вопросе, в самом тексте. Вам нужно найти синонимичные способы выражения одной и той же мысли.
Если не получается определить правильный ответ, действуйте методом исключения.
Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, не понимаете сути вопроса, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа.
Таким же образом работайте со всеми остальными вопросами.

Например, дан текст:

Doctor Who
Doctor Who is a British science-fiction TV series that follows the adventures of a time-traveling alien, called the Doctor, and his human companion, as they travel through time and space in a spaceship, called the TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space), and courageously save the world time and time again. Doctor Who first aired on BBC on 23 November, 1963 and was one of the first science-fiction stories to appear on screen: 3 years before Star Trek and 14 years before the Star Wars franchise. In 1989, due to falling popularity, the show was suspended. But 16 years later, in 2005, it was brought back to the screen with a whole new cast of actors and has been ongoing ever since. It is considered to be the longest running sci-fi show in the world, having celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013. But how has Doctor Who managed to survive for this long? What sets it apart from other amazing shows that are now over? What makes Doctor Who really unique, is that it does not have to rely on any particular actor to continue. When the Doctor is close to death, he is able to start a biological process within himself, called regeneration, that changes every single cell in his body, while still leaving his mind intact. Essentially, he becomes a different person: new looks, new personality, new everything. But one thing that never changes is his genius, and his sense of humor. This means, that every four years or so, when the actors playing the Doctor decide to move on to different projects and leave the show, the producers can find a new actor to take on the iconic role. So far twelve actors have played the Doctor. Another reason the show has been running for so long is that there is no main storyline, it is very much episodic, each episode telling a story of a separate adventure. So as long as the writers of the show keep coming up with new planets for the Doctor and his companion to visit, and new alien villains for them to defeat, the show can continue forever. Doctor Who has an unbelievably huge fan base all over the world, so big in fact, that the 50th anniversary episode aired in 94 countries simultaneously, earning it a Guinness World Record. There is also a large amount of music, inspired by Doctor Who, and since the series’s renewal, a music genre called Trock (Time Lord Rock) has appeared. The most famous Trock band is Chameleon Circuit. They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums. Soon after Doctor Who’s appearance in 1963, novels surrounding the series started to appear. The first ever novelization came out on 12 November, 1964, almost exactly a year after the first episode came out. Since then over 150 novelizations and 200 spin-off books have been published, including some written by Neil Gaiman. Doctor Who has been an important part of popular culture for over half a century now. The show is limitless, filled with possibility: you can go to Victorian London, or to Pompeii, or to the 51st century. It can be any genre: comedy, horror, fantasy, drama, sometimes all of them at the same time. It’s clever, and funny, and sad, and makes you think. The plots are well written, and sometimes you feel like you’re twisting your brain into a knot, trying to figure out the paradoxes. But most importantly it’s kind-hearted and beautiful. No doubt Doctor Who will remain a fan-favorite for many years to come.

12. The first Star Wars movie came out in

1) 1963
2) 1966
3) 1977
4) 1989.

Обращаем внимание, что вопрос не о сериале “Doctor Who”, а о фильме “Star Wars”, находим во 2 абзаце информацию, производим необходимые расчеты и получаем год — 1977, т.е. правильный ответ — 3.

13. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Doctor Who has been around for so long?

1) It is easy to change the actors playing the main character
2) The TV series is extremely popular all over the world
3) Separate episodes and seasons are not connected by plot
4) The writers of Doctor Who keep writing new stories.

Первые три пункта представлены в тексте как причины долгой жизни сериала, последний, четвертый, вариант является не причиной, а следствием, результатом. Т.е. выбираем правильный ответ — 4.

14. Which of the following words does NOT apply to the Doctor as a character?

1) clever
2) human
3) funny
4) brave

При описании персонажа находим в тексте характеристики: genius, sense of humor, которые синонимичны словам 1) clever, 3) funny. А то, что главный герой борется со злодеями, свидетельствует о том, что он смелый — 4) brave. Остается правильный ответ — 2) human.

15. Which word is closest in meaning to the word ‘iconic’ at the end of the third paragraph?

1) difficult
2) famous
3) religious
4) desirable

Слово ‘iconic’ имеет смысл культовый, иконный. В соответствии с общим смыслом абзаца, речь не идет о религиозном смысле слова, остается культовый, или знаменитый, поэтому ответ — 2) famous.

16. Which of the following statements is true?

1) Trock is a music genre that first appeared in the middle of the 1960s
2) Chameleon Circuit rock group writes music for the Doctor Who TV series
3) Both albums of Chameleon Circuit are centered around Doctor Who
4) The music genre that is used in the Doctor Who TV series is called Trock.

В тексте дана информация о группе “Chameleon Circuit”.

They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums.

Правильный ответ — 3.

Проверяем, почему не подходят остальные варианты. В первом — неправильная дата. Во втором сказано, что музыка пишется ДЛЯ сериала, а в тексте говорится о том, что она пишется О главном герое. В четвертом пункте говорится, что в сериале используется жанр музыки Trock, а, согласно тексту, этот жанр возник под влиянием самого сериала, то есть нарушена причинно-следственная связь.

17. In the 6th paragraph the author implies that

1) the Doctor Who TV series inspired writers to create novels about the Doctor
2) every Doctor Who episode later gets published in the format of a book
3) Neil Gaiman has written some episodes for the Doctor Who TV series
4) Doctor Who is based on more than 150 books by different authors.

Слова surrounding, spin-off имеющие значение сопутствующий, дополнительный, побочный, а также даты говорят о книгах, появившихся после сериала, поэтому правильный ответ – 1.

Ответ 2 не подходит, поскольку в тексте нет информации о том, что каждая серия потом описывается в книге. Ответ 3 не подходит, так как из текста следует, что он не писал сценарий для сериала, а его книги были написаны по мотивам сериала. Ответ 4 неверен, так как цифра 150 относится к количеству книг, написанных по мотивам сериала. Это, так называемые, distractors (отвлекающие факторы).

18. Which choice is closest in meaning to the phrase ‘you feel like you are twisting your brain into a knot’ in the last paragraph?

1) You are trying very hard to solve a problem
2) You come to a dead-end while solving a problem
3) You give your brain some good training
4) You are using intuition rather than your brain.

Правильный ответ — 1, так как во втором пункте “come to a dead-end” имеет отрицательную коннотацию — зайти в тупик, третий говорит о тренировке ума, а не о решении проблемы, четвертый пункт ставит во главу угла интуицию, а не мыслительную деятельность.

Источник

Слайд 1

Эссе на основе таблиц и диаграмм (задание 40, ЕГЭ-2022) Евгения Сергеевна Каптурова, канд. пед. наук, доцент ФГБОУ ВО «ОГУ им. И.С. Тургенева» ведущий эксперт ЕГЭ и ОГЭ, член NATE

Слайд 2

В 2022 году будут только таблицы и диаграммы как в демоверсии , и других графиков не будет. В графике/диаграмме сумма ответов будет равна 100% (но в утверждённой демоверсии останется более 100%).

Слайд 3

Задание 40

Слайд 4

you have collected some data — > you have found some data Введение : « Я выполняю проектную работу на такую-то тему , я нашёл материалы, сейчас я проанализирую эти материалы . Чисто исходя из здравого смысла.» Тему проекта перефразировать не обязательно (но можно) . Нужно (очень желательно) написать обо всех данных из таблицы / диаграммы -> 5 categories (можно кратко / развёрнуто) Проблема не обязательно должна вытекать из данных: «её можно взять из жизни», НО! она должна быть связана с темой . На данном этапе проблему трактуем «расширительно» . 5 пунктов плана = 5 абзацев Нежелательно переставлять пункты плана местами. Но если всё логично — баллы не снимут. Числительные — > цифрами , а не словами.

Слайд 5

Ошибки в стилевом оформлении (Аспект 6):

Слайд 8

Методические рекомендации :

Слайд 9

Задание 40 ЧТО : дать понять, о чем ваш письменный ответ + упомянуть проект и указать тему проекта + подчеркнуть ее важность/ актуальность +/- упомянуть данные из таблицы/ диаграммы + обозначить цель проекта +/-

Слайд 10

Задание 40 КАК : 1) Recent studies show that ( актуальность, тренды) . While doing my own project on (тема проекта) , I found some (relevant) data (that illustrate what / how (тема проекта) ) , and in this essay I am going to analyze this data and express my opinion on … / present my conclusions. КАК : 2) … has been the subject of numerous studies over the last few decades . As part of my own project on (an important topic of) (тема проекта) , I have found some relevant data and come across quite interesting / surprising findings.

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Задание 40 КАК : Many people believe that (общепринятое/спорное утверждение, связанное с темой проекта) . The aim of the project I am currently doing/working on is to find out more about it. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some data on … . ПРИМЕР : Many people believe that teenagers are no longer interested in reading. The aim of the project I am currently doing/working on is to find out more about it. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some data on what literary genres are popular with teenagers living in Zetland .

Слайд 12

Задание 40 .1 ЧТО : сгруппировать данные = = выделить 2-3 группы : 1) максимум 2) среднее значение 3) минимум больше всего – ( среднее количество ) – меньше всего ; назвать и описать эти 2-3 черты в общем виде;

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Задание 40.1 ЧТО : сгруппировать данные = = выделить 2-3 группы : 1) максимум 2) среднее значение 3) минимум самый популярный – средний по популярности – наименее популярный; назвать и описать эти 2-3 черты в общем виде;

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert ПРИМЕР : According to the data , teenagers in Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. 1) The vast majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as well as books about war and spies . 2) Sports stories are also quite popular with teenage readers in Zetland , 3) whereas romantic novels appear to be the least popular book genre .

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Задание 40 ЧТО : сравнить данные между собой; детализировать : добавить проценты ( количество ) ; ( качественно охарактеризовать ) КАК : насколько больше/меньше; значительная / несущественная разница между … и … ; ожидаемое / неожиданное и т.п.

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vk.com/egexpert Задание 40 ПРИМЕР : Surprisingly , only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed enjoy reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact), followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of those who like reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%.

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vk.com/egexpert Задание 40 – make 1–2 comparisons where relevant; КАК : — The most striking feature is … Another factor worth mentioning is… — The most significant difference can be observed between … and … It is apparent / notable that …

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Задание 40 – outline a problem that can arise with reading and suggest the-> A way of solving it; ЧТО : найти проблему и предложить ее решение Должна ли проблема вытекать из данных? Не обязательно; но она должна быть связана с общей темой.

Слайд 19

Задание 40 One problem that ___ can/might cause is … One of the problems that is/can be caused by ___ is … One problem that can occur in ___ is … One problem that can occur as a result of ___ is … One problem that ___ (smartphone users) often face / are confronted with is … One problem (that is usually/often) associated with ___ is … One problem that is often experienced by (readers) … The best way to solve this problem is to … One of the best ways to tackle this issue is …

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Задание 40 – outline a problem that can arise with reading and suggest a way of solving it; «В этом году будет приниматься любая проблема, связанная с темой » ПРИМЕР : One difficulty that struggling readers often have is / that teenage readers often face is lack of motivation to read . It is a serious problem that affects the development of comprehension skills and overall academic performance. One problem that is nowadays associated with reading is a growing decline in book-reading culture . Indeed reading books seems to be losing its popularity with people of all ages, including teenagers .

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert Advice — > Solution ПРИМЕР : The data indicate that although modern teenagers read a lot, they tend to avoid choosing romantic novels and animal stories . I suppose this is because today’s adolescents are too pragmatic, not caring and compassionate enough. One solution to this problem is for parents and teachers to raise teenagers’ awareness of the importance of developing empathy and encourage them to read and discuss romance and animal stories. The best way to do it is to find out what puts young people off choosing these genres and try to connect reading to their interests.

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert ПРИМЕР : Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and overall academic performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their reading for themselves and encourage them to read different texts, not only books.

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert – conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of reading for teenagers ; ЧТО : сделать заключение bring the key elements together КАК : although / while … , …

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert – conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of reading for teenagers ; ПРИМЕР : In conclusion, I believe that although not all literature genres are liked by Zetland’s teenagers, reading obviously plays a significant role in their lives and in the life of every teenager . In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems associated with reading / that reading might cause, it obviously plays a significant role in the life of every teenager .

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Задание 40 vk.com/egexpert – conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of reading for teenagers ; ПРИМЕР : In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to read on a regular basis / different texts / books of different genres.

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Задание 40 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recent studies show that teenagers’ reading habits have changed. To find out more about it, I have collected some information on what literary genres are popular with teenagers living in Zetland . As part of my project, I have analyzed these data and come across some interesting findings. According to the data, teenagers in Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. The vast majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as well as books about war and spies. Sports stories are also quite popular with teenage readers in Zetland whereas romantic novels are the least popular book genre. Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed like reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact), followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of those who enjoy reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%. Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and academic performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their reading for themselves and encourage them to read not only books but a variety of texts / to read on a regular basis. In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to regularly read different texts (and books of different genres).

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Задание 40 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recent studies show that teenagers’ reading habits have changed. To find out more about it, I have collected some information on what literary genres are popular with teenagers living in Zetland . As part of my project, I have analyzed these data and come across some interesting findings. According to the data, teenagers in Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. The vast majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as well as books about war and spies. Sports stories are also quite popular with teenage readers in Zetland whereas romantic novels are the least popular book genre. Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed like reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact), followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of those who enjoy reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%. Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and academic performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their reading for themselves and encourage them to read on a regular basis . In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to regularly read different texts .

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Задание 40 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recent studies show that teenagers’ reading habits have changed. To find out more about it, I have collected some information on what literary genres are popular with teenagers living in Zetland . As part of my project, I have analyzed these data and come across some interesting findings. According to the data, teenagers in Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. The vast majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as well as books about war and spies. Sports stories are also quite popular with teenage readers in Zetland whereas romantic novels are the least popular book genre. Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed like reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact), followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of those who enjoy reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%. Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and academic performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their reading for themselves and encourage them to read not only books but a variety of texts . In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to regularly read different texts.

Источник

Тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку по теме «Образование»

Раздел 2 «Чтение» включает в себя 3 задания

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