Russian inventions holography егэ ответы

B4

To learn more about her students, my younger brother’s teacher sent home a lengthy questionnaire at the beginning of the school year. There were a lot of questions about this and that.
(past simple, были, мн.ч. oт was )

 BE

B5

She asked them about their likes and dislikes and about many other things.
(их)

 THEY

B6

She asked what they would think about their school in twenty years’ time.
(reported speech, при переходе из прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

THINK

B7

I was 6 years older than my brother but some questions seemed very difficult even to me.
(степень сравнения)

 OLD

B8

I couldn’t / could not answer them offhand.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

NOT CAN

B9

The worst question, in my opinion, was the one relating to their self-image: ‘When you look in a mirror, what do you see?’
(превосходная степень)

 BAD

B10

But my ten-year-old brother had no trouble with his answer: ‘Myself, and everything behind me.’
(за мной)

 I

B4

There are many different stories about the beginning of the Olympics. One myth says that Zeus himself started the Games. Athletic games were held as an important part of many religious festivals in ancient Greek culture.
(past simple passive, игры проводились)

 HOLD

B5

Olympia was one of the oldest religious centers in the ancient Greek world.
(степень сравнения)

 OLD

B6

The most impressive sight at Olympia was the gold and ivory statue of Zeus.
(степень сравнения)

 IMPRESSIVE

B7

The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This explains why Olympiawas chosen as the site for the most important athletic competition.
(past simple passive, Олимпия была выбрана)

 CHOOSE

B8

Some athletes travelled hundreds of miles, from colonies. These colonies were as far away as modern Spain, Egypt, Ukraine and Turkey. Any freeborn Greek (a man or a boy)could take part in the Olympics.

 CAN

B9

Women did not compete, they were also barred from attending the games, under penalty of death. Unmarried girls were allowed to attend.
(could–прошедшая форма от can)

 WOMAN

B10

Unlike the modern Olympics, judges did not come/ didn’t come from all over the world, but were drawn from Elis, the local region which included Olympia.
(past simple, действие происходило тогда, в далёком прошлом)

 NOT COME

B4

Albert Schweitzer is known throughout the world for his missionary work in Africa. He was born on January 14, 1875 in Alsace, which was part of Germany and later Part of France after World War I.
(степень сравнения)

 LATE

B5

He was a talented person. By the age of thirty, he was known as an author, a lecturer, and a musician.
(past simple passive, он был известен)

 KNOW

B6

It was at this time that he learned of the great need of medical doctors in Africa. He decided to become a doctor of medicine. In 1913, Doctor Schweitzer and his wife left for Africa.
(past simple, прошедшая форма от leave)

 LEAVE

B7

The morning after the Schweitzers arrived, they started to treat their patients in an old farmhouse. However, a new hospital buildingwas built with the help and the trust of African people.
(past simple passive, т.к. новая больница была построена, а не построила что-то сама)

BUILD

B8

Their work was interrupted by World War I Only in 1924, Dr. Schweitzer was finally able to return to Lambarene to rebuild the hospital. When Mrs. Schweitzer came back to Africa in 1929, the hospital was much larger.
(степень сравнения)

 LARGE

B9

There was a growing staff of doctors and nurses. In 1953 Dr. Schweitzer was given the Nobel Peace Prize.
(past simple passive, т.к. ему была дана премия, а не он дал  )

GIVE

B10

He was grateful, but said, ‘No man has the right to pretend that he has worked enough for the cause of peace or declare himself satisfied.’
(present perfect, обратите внимание, что это цитата. Тесты построены по принципу, что необходимо выбрать наиболее подходящий вариант. В подобных высказываниях делается акцент на результат. Человек  уже работает и будет еще работать)

WORK

B4

Modern world of sports knows many kinds of gymnastics. One of them, rhythmic gymnasticsgrew out of modern gymnastics and the Swedish system of free exercise in the 19-th century.
(past simple, действие произошло тогда, в прошлом. grow — grew)

 GROW

B5

It was called ‘aesthetic gymnastics’ as the students could express feelings and emotions through body movement. It combined elements of ballet, gymnastics, and theatrical dance.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 CAN

B6

Young women exercised to music, moving from simple calisthenics to more energetic activities. A growing number of men are participating in this kind of sport now.
(ед. — мн. число, woman – ед.ч. women-мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B7

In the 1880s in Switzerland various exercises to music were created. They were designed to give grace of movement, and a much betterpose.
(степень сравнения)

 GOOD

B8

A degree of difficulty for each movement was developed by the European Sport Association after the World War I. So all the elements were graded accordingly.
(past simple passive, она была разработана, а не разработала что-то сама)

DEVELOP

B9

In 1906 rhythmic gymnastics was introduced to North America, but the sport didn’t gain /did not gain much popularity.
(past simple, событие произошло в опредёленное время в прошлом)

 NOT GAIN

B10

Ten European countries took part in the first world championship, held in 1973 in Budapest, Hungary. The United States did not begin competing in the biennial world championship until 1973.
(past simple, событие произошло в опредёленное время в прошлом)

 TAKE

B4

How long has man been on earth? Let us travel 5,000 years into the past. We are in the days before man learned to write. Recorded historyhasn’t begun / has not begun yet.
(present perfect, т.к. мы перемещаемся в прошлое. Также перемещается и точка отсчета. Мы в 3000 году до нашей эры и запись истории еще не началась)

NOT BEGIN

B5

Yet there are people, about five million of them, living on all five continents.

(живущие)

 LIVE

B6

The earliest true human being, Homo sapiens, appeared in Europe more than 50,000 years ago.
(степень сравнения)

 EARLY

B7

Daedalus was a brilliant architect and inventor of  ancient Greece. He was so brilliant that King Minos of Grete kept him as a prisoner.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло тогда, в прошлом)

 KEEP

B8

The King didn’t want / did not want to let him go back to his home in Athens.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время, в прошлом)

NOT WANT

B9

Daedalus lived with his son Icarus in a tower of the palace, and King Minos made him invent weapons of war that would make his army and navy even more powerful than they already were.
(степень сравнения)

 POWERFUL

B10

Although Daedalus and Icarus had every comfort, they longed to return home to Athens. Daedalus looked at the sea, and he realised that even if they managed to slip out of the tower and find a little boat, they world not be able to sail far. One of King Minos’sseamen would spot and catch them very soon.
(seaman – ед.ч. seamen – мн.ч. )

 SEAMAN

B4

The evolution of pizza was quite long and many cultures contributed to it. Let us have a glimpse of its history.   
(позволим «нам»)    

 WE

B5

Women of ancient Egypt, Greece and later Rome had recipes  similar to modern ones.     
 (woman – ед.ч., women – мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B6

The Egyptians had a tradition to celebrate the Pharaoh’s birthday with flat loaves lookingvery much like our modern pizza.      
(которые выглядят, выглядевшие)

 LOOK

B7

The word ‘pizza’ appeared in printing at the end of the 10th century for the first time.
(первый раз)

 ONE

B8

A remarkable event took place in June 1889. The Italian queen Margarita was staying in her summer palace in Naples. It was her birthday and the owner of a very popular pizzeria cooked a special kind of pizza for her. He named it ‘Margarita’. It was the best way to make this pizza famous all over the world.  
(good–better-the best)

 GOOD

B9

Now pizza is cooked with tomatoes. However, when tomatoes appeared in Europe they were grown as an ornamental plant.    
(present simple passive, общее утверждение)

 COOK

B10

For a long time people could not / couldn’tbelieve that tomatoes were edible.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B4

This week’s snowfall in Brazil is one of the largest in decades. As snow on the ground is not a very common landscape in a so-called tropical country, everybody felt excited when they saw streets in snow.                         
(past simple, т.к. мы говорим об определённом времени в прошлом feel-felt)  

FEEL

B5

In the cities by the sea people are used to spending the summer sun bathing. They were surprised very much when they saw snow covering the city.
(past simple passive, т.к. они были убеждены, а не они убедили)

SURPRISE

B6

It was not / wasn’t long before social media became loaded with pictures of white fields and roads, and snowmen.
(past simple, т.к. этобыловпрошлом be-was/were-been)

 NOT BE

B7

The usual images of the North Pole are impressive ice sheets, but scenes from a webcam there reveal a different story. Meteorologists have reported that temperatures in early July were one to three degrees Celsius higher than the year’s average over most of the Arctic Ocean.
(степень сравнения)

 HIGH

B8

Thanks to rapidly melting ice, Santa Claus nowhas his own swimming pool. The North Pole is currently a lake, Canada.com reports.
(3-е лицо have-has)

 HAVE

B9

The lake is about a foot deep, consistingentirely of the melted ice itself. It shows a dramatic change is the Arctic climate.
(состоящая)

 CONSIST

B10

In fact, a pool of melted water has formed at the North Pole every year now since 2002. The mythical home of Santa Claus has been officially flooded!
(present perfect, т.к. он начал формироваться и до сих пор формируется)

FORM

B4

The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding has beena serious problem.
(present perfect, т.к. с тех пор и до сих пор)

BE

B5

The worst, most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B6

The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, leaving 80 million people homeless.
(оставляя)

 LEAVE

B7

Once there lived a rabbit and a tortoise. The rabbit challenged the tortoise to have a race with him. The tortoise agreed and they started the race.
(с ним)

 HE

B8

The rabbit ran faster than the tortoise, and in a few minutes he was near the crossing line. He couldn’t see the tortoise, so he decided to rest for a while till the tortoise arrived and then he would quickly cross the line.
(степень сравнения)

 FAST

B9

The rabbit lay down under a tree and soon he was asleep. When he awoke, he saw that the tortoise had crossed / was crossing the line.
(past perfect, он увидел, что черепаха пересекла линию до того, как он проснулся.
past continues, он увидел, что черепаха пересекала линию в тот момент, когда он просыпался)

CROSS

B10

The tortoise won the match, showing that it’s more important to be steady and active than to be fast.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

WIN

B4

New Zealand consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands so scattered that they range from the tropical to the Antarctic. New Zealand is located about 2,012 km southeast of Australia.
(present simple passive)

 LOCATE

B5

The two main islands are the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The North Island is 829 km long and volcanic in its south-central part.
(разделённые)

 SEPARATE

B6

South Island has the Southern Alps along its west coast, with Mount Cook being thehighest point. Other inhabited islands include Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, and Great Barrier Island.
(степень сравнения)

 HIGH

B7

A woman came to President Abraham Lincoln and told him with a commanding air: “Mr. President, you must make my son a general. Sir, I demand it not as a favor, but as a right. My grandfather fought at Lexington.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время в прошлом.)

FIGHT

B8

My father was the only man who did not run /didn’t run away at Bladensburg.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время в прошлом.)

NOT RUN

B9

My husband was killed at Monterrey.”
(past simple passive, он был убит, а не убил)

KILL

B10

“I guess, madam,” said Lincoln, “your familyhas done / have done enough for the country. It is time to give somebody else a chance.”
(present perfect, т.к. цитата. Твоя семья сделала “уже” достаточно, есть результат)

DO

B4

During winter and sometimes even autumn and spring it snows in some cities of southern Brazil. There are several cities known for their snow, like Urupema and Urubici.
(известные)

 KNOW

B5

These cities are all in high areas, but even places at sea level can have snow, although in small amounts and not every year.
(they — are)

 BE

B6

Brazil is thought to be a “tropical paradise” which is very wrong. Foreigners who travel to southern Brazil during autumn or winter in search for some heat and beaches are often disappointed.
(present simple passive, т.к. это общее утверждение. О Бразилии думают, а не Бразилия думает)

THINK

B7

Do you know how the global warming affects the Arctic? A survey by the Japan Agency for Science and Technology shows that Arctic ice is melting at a far quicker rate than anticipated. Today Arctic ice is melting at previously unseen rates.
(степень сравнения)

 QUICK

B8

The coastal ice in parts of Canada and Alaska has become quite brittle. Ice easily breaks away in large pieces and melts in the open ocean. Now there is also less sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
(степень сравнения)

 LITTLE

B9

It happens because ice floats/has floatedinto the Atlantic Ocean.
(present simple, лёд плывет в Атлантический океан – общее утверждение. 
present  perfect, автор хочет показать, что лёд плывет в Атлантический океан, и уже есть результат)

FLOAT

B10

Scientists say that the lack of ice represents clear proof that the planet is warming. Back in the past it could take three years to get through the waterway’s thick ice successfully, now — just a few weeks.
(present continues, т.к. это изменение, развитие. Планета постепенно нагревается)

WARM

B4

Do you know what holography is? It is a technique based on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
(основанная на)

 BASE

B5

In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk cameup with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.
(past simple, т.к. событие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом, в 1962.)

COME

B6

Now the technology is used in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.
(present simple passive, т.к. технология используется, а не использует)

 USE

B7

Johnny noticed a change in his mother’s appearance. “Mommy, some of your hairs are turning / have turned grey. Why?” the curious child asked.
(present continuous, т.к. говорящий хочет сосредоточиться на процессе, становятся седыми. 
present perfect,т.к. говорящий сосредотачивается на результате, уже стали седые.)

TURN

B8

The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It is because of you, dear. Every bad action of yours shows on my hair.
(твоё действие)

 YOU

B9

It turns one my hairs grey!”
(present simple, 3-е лицо)

 TURN

B10

The child replied innocently: “Now I know why my grandmother has only grey hair on her head.” Most children are smarter than adults think.
(степень сравнения)

 SMART

B4

Once I was travelling in Italy. It was a lovely day. I wandered along the street until I came upon some parasol-shaded tables which seemed to me very nice. I settled and opened my book.
(мне)

 I

B5

It was taking a long time for the waiter to arrive, but I was in no hurry. I was sure that the waiter would come soon.
(reported speech, т.к. мы переходим из прошлого в будущее.)

COME

B6

But finally, becoming impatient, I turned to signal for service and saw the neon sign. That was the worst moment … I discovered that I was sitting outside a store selling garden furniture.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the greatest wonders of the world.
(степень сравнения

 GREAT

B8

The Great Wall was built in order to protect the country form different aggressors.
(past simple passive, т.к. стена была построена, а не сама построила что-то)

BUILD

B9

The construction of the Wall began in the 6thcentury BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

BEGIN

B10

Since then, the Great Wall of China has become a Symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
(present perfect, т.к. действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор)

BECOME

B4

Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called him.
(ему)

 HE

B5

A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and would come home late in the evening.
(reported speech, при переходе из прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

COME

B6

The worst moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee’s office to apologize for my call.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

Later, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn’t missed the exam.
(степень сравнения)

 LATE

B8

In English-speaking countries they celebrate Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day. In Russia we celebrate the International Women’s Day. Though it is called ‘International’, it is observed only in Russia and some CIS countries.
(present simple passive, т.к. это называется, а не само называет)

CALL

B9

Boys and men bring flowers and small presents to girls and women they work or study with.
(man – ед.ч. men – мн.ч.)

 MAN

B10

It has become a tradition for husbands to do all house work on that day. There are many jokes about it being the only day of the year when they do this.
(present perfect, т.к. действие началось в прошлом, и продолжается до настоящего)

BECOME

B4

My elder brother likes all kinds of music. He prefers jazz but also listens to pop music and sometimes goes to classical music concerts. But when driving me in his car, he insists on listening to heavy-metal music.
(меня)

 I

B5

For a long time I couldn’t/could notunderstand why he was doing  it.
(can – настоящее время, could – прошедшее время)

 NOT CAN

B6

He knew very well that for me it was theworst kind of music.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

One day I decided to ask him why he always chose this type while driving. “Well, sister,” he reluctantly replied, “to be frank, it’s mainly so you can’t sing along.” He added that he would listen to anything else if only I promised not to sing along.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

LISTEN

B8

St. Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. On March 17 there is a great celebration with the major parade in Dublin and smaller parades all over Ireland. In New York the first St.Patrick’s Day celebration took place in 1762.
(первый)

 ONE

B9

On March 15, 1992 St. Patrick’s Day was celebrated in Moscow. Thousands of delighted Muscovites gathered at Novy Arbat to watch the parade of marching bands, Cossack horsemen and floats of Russian and Irish companies.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день празднуется, а не он сам что-то празднует)

CELEBRATE

B10

Since then, St. Patrick’s Day parades have been held in Moscow every year.
(present perfect passive, т.к. действие началось в прошлом и продолжается по сей день)

HOLD

B4

For years my husband, Tom, and I had complained bitterly about the lack of sidewalks in our village. We didn’t have enough exercise but we couldn’t / could not jog because there were no sidewalks.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

Tom had often told me, «If only we had sidewalks, we would jog or walk daily and become models of fitness».
(мне)

 I

B6

So we were thrilled when a community sidewalk project was announced, and watched eagerly as paving neared completion. Then theworst thing happened: wishful thinking and reality collided.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

«Well, dear,» Tom said. «What’ll we use as an excuse for not walking now?» I said I would think of some excuse.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

THINK

B8

In the USA, Memorial Day is the last Monday in May. Memorial Day was declared a national holiday in 1971.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день был провозглашён, а не сам что-то провозгласил)

DECLARE

B9

But the tradition of honoring those who died in defense of their country goes back to the Civil War. The tradition to hold memorial services, visit the cemeteries, decorate the graves with flowers and wreaths originated in Waterloo, New York, in 1866.
(их)

 THEY

B10

Since then, the tradition has changed. Nowadays, on Memorial Day Americans honor not only soldiers who perished in wars but those loved ones who have died.
(present perfect, т.к. традиция изменилась и остается изменённой до сих пор)

CHANGE

B4

As we walked around the Prehistoric Park in Calgary, I had my six- year-old son, Jordie, pose for a picture with a brontosaurus in the background. After I took the photo, I couldn’t/ could not help crying.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

«What’s wrong, Моm?» Jordie asked. I explained that when I was his age, my parents had taken my picture standing in exactly the same spot, and I was feeling rather nostalgic. I added that perhaps one day he would takehis son’s picture here.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

TAKE

B6

Puzzled, he looked several times from the brontosaurus to me.
(мне)

 I

B7

And then came the worst moment of my life. My son said, «But … when you were a girl … it was alive then, right?»
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B8

On this day, Russia celebrates the victory over Nazi Germany and honours 20 million Soviet people who died in the war. May 9 was chosen, since on the night of the 8th/9th of 1945, the Nazi Germany surrendered to the Soviet Union and the Allies in Berlin.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день был выбран, а не сам что-то выбрал)

CHOOSE

B9

In Russia, almost every family has at least one person who took part in the war.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

TAKE

B10

Older citizens who did not fight during the war worked in factories to make weapons, which was not easier than fighting. They, too, are honoured on Victory Day.
(степень сравнения)

 EASY

B4

Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown worked in the same office. Their wives were good friends. One day Mr. Jones invited Mr. Brown to a small party.
(wife – ед.число, wives – мн.ч.)

 WIFE

B5

Mr. Brown went into the other room and telephoned. He was surprised very much by his telephone conversation.
(past simple passive, он был удивлён, а не он удивил кого-то)

SURPRISE

B6

When he came back Mr. Jones asked him, “Have you spoken to your wife already?” “No, she wasn’t/was not there when I phoned. My small son answered the phone. I asked him, “Is your mother there?” And he said, “She is somewhere outside”.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

NOT BE

B7

“Why is she outside?” I asked. “She is lookingfor me”, he answered.
(present continues, т.к. действие происходит в настоящий для говорящего момент)

LOOK

B8

Have you ever celebrated Maslenitsa? It is one of the most popular festivals in Russia. It signals the end of winter and welcomes the coming of spring.
(степень сравнения)

 POPULAR

B9

Russian pancakes — blini — are very important in the celebration of Maslenitsa. Blini are eaten with jam, sour cream, and of course, lots of butter.
(present simple passive, т.к. это общее утверждение. Также, блины едят, а не сами блины едят кого-то)

EAT

B10

Warm, round, and golden — blini are the symbol of the sun! Ancient Russians actually believed that when eating a pancake, theywere getting a part of the Sun’s life energy.
(past continues, т.к. это параллельное действие, когда они ели, они получали)

GET

B4

Some of the natural wonders are known for their beauty. The Meteor Crater is not one of them. It looks like a big hole in the desert. Itwas caused by a meteorite hitting the earth thousands of years ago.
(past simple passive, т.к. метеоритный удар по земле послужил причиной, а не большая дыра в земле послужила причиной )

CAUSE

B5

The crater is 4,145 feet across, and 570 feet deep. It is the largest impact crater in the entire world.
(степень сравнения)

 LARGE

B6

When Europeans discovered it in 1871, theythought it was the top of a volcano.
(past simple, т.к. говорится об определенном событии в прошлом)

THINK

B7

Since then, scientists have explored/have been exploring the crater for many years, but there are still many secrets and mysteries hiding inside it.
(present perfect, т.к. говорящий хочет акцентировать внимание на результате. Исследование началось с какого-то момента в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор.

present perfect continues, т.к. говорящий хочет акцентировать внимание больше на процессе, который начался в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор. )

EXPLORE

B8

One day last summer my nine-year-old daughter went off to the camp. All her thingswere packed in a small bag.
(past simple passive, т.к. её вещи были упакованы, а не сами упаковали ч.л.)

PACK

B9

Two weeks later, Anna came back home and I unpacked her things. Everything was clean and well folded. “Camp sure has changed you. Your things look much better than usual.”
(степень сравнения)

 GOOD

B10

“It was simple, Mom,” she answered. “I didn’t unpack. Many children did the same.”
(child – ед.ч, children – мн.ч.)

 CHILD

B4

Russia has a varied climate. Almost all of Russia is situated in the North Temperature Zone.
(present simple passive, т.к. она находится, а не она расположила)

SITUATE

B5

The climate is continental; however, the fluctuations in temperature are greater than in other European countries.
(степень сравнения)

 GREAT

B6

The extreme north is a cold bare region — the tundra. For more than six months it is buriedin snow.
(present simple passive, т.к. она находится, а не она расположила)

BURY

B7

This region can be called the land offrozen rivers.
(замёрзший)

 FREEZE

B8

In May the temperature begins to rise. The gloomy night is succeeded by continuous daylight, when the sun does not sink/doesn’tsink below the horizon for several months.
(present simple, т.к. это общее утверждение. это происходит всегда, регулярно.)

NOT SINK

B9

The better part of Russia is not influenced by the warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to form a barrier against the cold windsblowing from the Arctic Ocean.
(дующий)

 BLOW

B10

The extreme west of Russia has a temperate climate. Thus, the summers in the Baltic are cool and the winters mild. If we go further/farther east, the climate will become more continental.
(степень сравнения)

 FAR

B4

Everybody knows that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Was he really the first to reach the continent? The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people were able to build boats that couldcross oceans.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 CAN

B5

То test his ideas, Heyerdal decided to build a copy of the ancient Egyptian boat and sail across the Atlantic. On May 25, 1969 the boat called Ra left a port in Morocco and headed across the widest part of the Atlantic.
(степень сравнения)

 WIDE

B6

On May 17, 1970 Ra successfully crossed the Atlantic, proving that ancient civilizations had enough skill to reach America long before Columbus.
(доказывая)

 PROVE

B7

In ancient Greece there were many temples built for Apollo. He was the god of youth, beauty, music and poetry. Besides, Apollo had one very special skill — he could see the future. One day Apollo came to the temple in Troy. Among other women he saw Cassandra, a young and beautiful priestess, who worked at the temple.
(woman – ед.ч., women – мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B8

Apollo was impressed by her grace.
(past simple passive, т.к. он был впечатлён, а не он впечатлил)

IMPRESS

B9

The minute Apollo saw Cassandra, he fell in love. It was love at first sight. Apollo offered her a deal. He would give Cassandra the gift of being able to see the future, if she gave him a kiss. Cassandra agreed.
(past simple, т.к. это случилось тогда, в определённый момент в прошлом, fall-fell-fallen)

FALL

B10

With a laugh, Apollo gave her the gift,dreaming about the reward. Instantly, Cassandra could see the future. She saw Apollo, in the future, helping to destroy Troy.
(мечтая)

 DREAM

B4

Once there lived an old emperor who had no children. He couldn’t /could not choose his successor for a long time.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

Then he called all the young people in the kingdom together and said, «I’ll give each one of you a seed today. I want you to go home, plant it, water it and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from this one seed.» A boy named Ling also got a seed. He came home and told his mother that he would grow the best plant.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

GROW

B6

She helped him plant the seed. Every day he watered it but nothing grew.
(ему)

 HE

B7

A year passed and Ling took his empty pot to the palace while all the rest brought some beautiful plants. The emperor said, «Lying is the worst thing in the world. I gave you all spoilt seeds. Nothing grows from spoilt seeds.» So Ling became the new emperor.
(bad–worse-the worst)

 BAD

 B8

Roald Dahl, a famous British writer, was Norwegian by birth. Dahl was named after the Polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. During the Second World War Dahl served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter pilot.
(past simple passive, т.к. он был назван, а не он назвал к.л.)

NAME

B9

Dahl became well-known in 1940s with works for both children and adults.
(child – ед.число, children – мн.число)

 CHILD

B10

One of his highly popular tales was ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’. Since 1945 his books have been published in almost 50 languages.
(present perfect passive, т.к. действие началось в прошлом, и не закончилось до сих пор.)

PUBLISH

B4

To learn more about her students, my younger brother’s teacher sent home a lengthy questionnaire at the beginning of the school year. There were a lot of questions about this and that.
(past simple, были, мн.ч. oт was )

 BE

B5

She asked them about their likes and dislikes and about many other things.
(их)

 THEY

B6

She asked what they would think about their school in twenty years’ time.
(reported speech, при переходе из прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

THINK

B7

I was 6 years older than my brother but some questions seemed very difficult even to me.
(степень сравнения)

 OLD

B8

I couldn’t / could not answer them offhand.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

NOT CAN

B9

The worst question, in my opinion, was the one relating to their self-image: ‘When you look in a mirror, what do you see?’
(превосходная степень)

 BAD

B10

But my ten-year-old brother had no trouble with his answer: ‘Myself, and everything behind me.’
(за мной)

 I

B4

There are many different stories about the beginning of the Olympics. One myth says that Zeus himself started the Games. Athletic games were held as an important part of many religious festivals in ancient Greek culture.
(past simple passive, игры проводились)

 HOLD

B5

Olympia was one of the oldest religious centers in the ancient Greek world.
(степень сравнения)

 OLD

B6

The most impressive sight at Olympia was the gold and ivory statue of Zeus.
(степень сравнения)

 IMPRESSIVE

B7

The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This explains why Olympiawas chosen as the site for the most important athletic competition.
(past simple passive, Олимпия была выбрана)

 CHOOSE

B8

Some athletes travelled hundreds of miles, from colonies. These colonies were as far away as modern Spain, Egypt, Ukraine and Turkey. Any freeborn Greek (a man or a boy)could take part in the Olympics.

 CAN

B9

Women did not compete, they were also barred from attending the games, under penalty of death. Unmarried girls were allowed to attend.
(could–прошедшая форма от can)

 WOMAN

B10

Unlike the modern Olympics, judges did not come/ didn’t come from all over the world, but were drawn from Elis, the local region which included Olympia.
(past simple, действие происходило тогда, в далёком прошлом)

 NOT COME

B4

Albert Schweitzer is known throughout the world for his missionary work in Africa. He was born on January 14, 1875 in Alsace, which was part of Germany and later Part of France after World War I.
(степень сравнения)

 LATE

B5

He was a talented person. By the age of thirty, he was known as an author, a lecturer, and a musician.
(past simple passive, он был известен)

 KNOW

B6

It was at this time that he learned of the great need of medical doctors in Africa. He decided to become a doctor of medicine. In 1913, Doctor Schweitzer and his wife left for Africa.
(past simple, прошедшая форма от leave)

 LEAVE

B7

The morning after the Schweitzers arrived, they started to treat their patients in an old farmhouse. However, a new hospital buildingwas built with the help and the trust of African people.
(past simple passive, т.к. новая больница была построена, а не построила что-то сама)

BUILD

B8

Their work was interrupted by World War I Only in 1924, Dr. Schweitzer was finally able to return to Lambarene to rebuild the hospital. When Mrs. Schweitzer came back to Africa in 1929, the hospital was much larger.
(степень сравнения)

 LARGE

B9

There was a growing staff of doctors and nurses. In 1953 Dr. Schweitzer was given the Nobel Peace Prize.
(past simple passive, т.к. ему была дана премия, а не он дал  )

GIVE

B10

He was grateful, but said, ‘No man has the right to pretend that he has worked enough for the cause of peace or declare himself satisfied.’
(present perfect, обратите внимание, что это цитата. Тесты построены по принципу, что необходимо выбрать наиболее подходящий вариант. В подобных высказываниях делается акцент на результат. Человек  уже работает и будет еще работать)

WORK

B4

Modern world of sports knows many kinds of gymnastics. One of them, rhythmic gymnasticsgrew out of modern gymnastics and the Swedish system of free exercise in the 19-th century.
(past simple, действие произошло тогда, в прошлом. grow — grew)

 GROW

B5

It was called ‘aesthetic gymnastics’ as the students could express feelings and emotions through body movement. It combined elements of ballet, gymnastics, and theatrical dance.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 CAN

B6

Young women exercised to music, moving from simple calisthenics to more energetic activities. A growing number of men are participating in this kind of sport now.
(ед. — мн. число, woman – ед.ч. women-мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B7

In the 1880s in Switzerland various exercises to music were created. They were designed to give grace of movement, and a much betterpose.
(степень сравнения)

 GOOD

B8

A degree of difficulty for each movement was developed by the European Sport Association after the World War I. So all the elements were graded accordingly.
(past simple passive, она была разработана, а не разработала что-то сама)

DEVELOP

B9

In 1906 rhythmic gymnastics was introduced to North America, but the sport didn’t gain /did not gain much popularity.
(past simple, событие произошло в опредёленное время в прошлом)

 NOT GAIN

B10

Ten European countries took part in the first world championship, held in 1973 in Budapest, Hungary. The United States did not begin competing in the biennial world championship until 1973.
(past simple, событие произошло в опредёленное время в прошлом)

 TAKE

B4

How long has man been on earth? Let us travel 5,000 years into the past. We are in the days before man learned to write. Recorded historyhasn’t begun / has not begun yet.
(present perfect, т.к. мы перемещаемся в прошлое. Также перемещается и точка отсчета. Мы в 3000 году до нашей эры и запись истории еще не началась)

NOT BEGIN

B5

Yet there are people, about five million of them, living on all five continents.

(живущие)

 LIVE

B6

The earliest true human being, Homo sapiens, appeared in Europe more than 50,000 years ago.
(степень сравнения)

 EARLY

B7

Daedalus was a brilliant architect and inventor of  ancient Greece. He was so brilliant that King Minos of Grete kept him as a prisoner.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло тогда, в прошлом)

 KEEP

B8

The King didn’t want / did not want to let him go back to his home in Athens.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время, в прошлом)

NOT WANT

B9

Daedalus lived with his son Icarus in a tower of the palace, and King Minos made him invent weapons of war that would make his army and navy even more powerful than they already were.
(степень сравнения)

 POWERFUL

B10

Although Daedalus and Icarus had every comfort, they longed to return home to Athens. Daedalus looked at the sea, and he realised that even if they managed to slip out of the tower and find a little boat, they world not be able to sail far. One of King Minos’sseamen would spot and catch them very soon.
(seaman – ед.ч. seamen – мн.ч. )

 SEAMAN

B4

The evolution of pizza was quite long and many cultures contributed to it. Let us have a glimpse of its history.   
(позволим «нам»)    

 WE

B5

Women of ancient Egypt, Greece and later Rome had recipes  similar to modern ones.     
 (woman – ед.ч., women – мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B6

The Egyptians had a tradition to celebrate the Pharaoh’s birthday with flat loaves lookingvery much like our modern pizza.      
(которые выглядят, выглядевшие)

 LOOK

B7

The word ‘pizza’ appeared in printing at the end of the 10th century for the first time.
(первый раз)

 ONE

B8

A remarkable event took place in June 1889. The Italian queen Margarita was staying in her summer palace in Naples. It was her birthday and the owner of a very popular pizzeria cooked a special kind of pizza for her. He named it ‘Margarita’. It was the best way to make this pizza famous all over the world.  
(good–better-the best)

 GOOD

B9

Now pizza is cooked with tomatoes. However, when tomatoes appeared in Europe they were grown as an ornamental plant.    
(present simple passive, общее утверждение)

 COOK

B10

For a long time people could not / couldn’tbelieve that tomatoes were edible.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B4

This week’s snowfall in Brazil is one of the largest in decades. As snow on the ground is not a very common landscape in a so-called tropical country, everybody felt excited when they saw streets in snow.                         
(past simple, т.к. мы говорим об определённом времени в прошлом feel-felt)  

FEEL

B5

In the cities by the sea people are used to spending the summer sun bathing. They were surprised very much when they saw snow covering the city.
(past simple passive, т.к. они были убеждены, а не они убедили)

SURPRISE

B6

It was not / wasn’t long before social media became loaded with pictures of white fields and roads, and snowmen.
(past simple, т.к. этобыловпрошлом be-was/were-been)

 NOT BE

B7

The usual images of the North Pole are impressive ice sheets, but scenes from a webcam there reveal a different story. Meteorologists have reported that temperatures in early July were one to three degrees Celsius higher than the year’s average over most of the Arctic Ocean.
(степень сравнения)

 HIGH

B8

Thanks to rapidly melting ice, Santa Claus nowhas his own swimming pool. The North Pole is currently a lake, Canada.com reports.
(3-е лицо have-has)

 HAVE

B9

The lake is about a foot deep, consistingentirely of the melted ice itself. It shows a dramatic change is the Arctic climate.
(состоящая)

 CONSIST

B10

In fact, a pool of melted water has formed at the North Pole every year now since 2002. The mythical home of Santa Claus has been officially flooded!
(present perfect, т.к. он начал формироваться и до сих пор формируется)

FORM

B4

The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding has beena serious problem.
(present perfect, т.к. с тех пор и до сих пор)

BE

B5

The worst, most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B6

The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, leaving 80 million people homeless.
(оставляя)

 LEAVE

B7

Once there lived a rabbit and a tortoise. The rabbit challenged the tortoise to have a race with him. The tortoise agreed and they started the race.
(с ним)

 HE

B8

The rabbit ran faster than the tortoise, and in a few minutes he was near the crossing line. He couldn’t see the tortoise, so he decided to rest for a while till the tortoise arrived and then he would quickly cross the line.
(степень сравнения)

 FAST

B9

The rabbit lay down under a tree and soon he was asleep. When he awoke, he saw that the tortoise had crossed / was crossing the line.
(past perfect, он увидел, что черепаха пересекла линию до того, как он проснулся.
past continues, он увидел, что черепаха пересекала линию в тот момент, когда он просыпался)

CROSS

B10

The tortoise won the match, showing that it’s more important to be steady and active than to be fast.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

WIN

B4

New Zealand consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands so scattered that they range from the tropical to the Antarctic. New Zealand is located about 2,012 km southeast of Australia.
(present simple passive)

 LOCATE

B5

The two main islands are the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The North Island is 829 km long and volcanic in its south-central part.
(разделённые)

 SEPARATE

B6

South Island has the Southern Alps along its west coast, with Mount Cook being thehighest point. Other inhabited islands include Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, and Great Barrier Island.
(степень сравнения)

 HIGH

B7

A woman came to President Abraham Lincoln and told him with a commanding air: “Mr. President, you must make my son a general. Sir, I demand it not as a favor, but as a right. My grandfather fought at Lexington.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время в прошлом.)

FIGHT

B8

My father was the only man who did not run /didn’t run away at Bladensburg.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённое время в прошлом.)

NOT RUN

B9

My husband was killed at Monterrey.”
(past simple passive, он был убит, а не убил)

KILL

B10

“I guess, madam,” said Lincoln, “your familyhas done / have done enough for the country. It is time to give somebody else a chance.”
(present perfect, т.к. цитата. Твоя семья сделала “уже” достаточно, есть результат)

DO

B4

During winter and sometimes even autumn and spring it snows in some cities of southern Brazil. There are several cities known for their snow, like Urupema and Urubici.
(известные)

 KNOW

B5

These cities are all in high areas, but even places at sea level can have snow, although in small amounts and not every year.
(they — are)

 BE

B6

Brazil is thought to be a “tropical paradise” which is very wrong. Foreigners who travel to southern Brazil during autumn or winter in search for some heat and beaches are often disappointed.
(present simple passive, т.к. это общее утверждение. О Бразилии думают, а не Бразилия думает)

THINK

B7

Do you know how the global warming affects the Arctic? A survey by the Japan Agency for Science and Technology shows that Arctic ice is melting at a far quicker rate than anticipated. Today Arctic ice is melting at previously unseen rates.
(степень сравнения)

 QUICK

B8

The coastal ice in parts of Canada and Alaska has become quite brittle. Ice easily breaks away in large pieces and melts in the open ocean. Now there is also less sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
(степень сравнения)

 LITTLE

B9

It happens because ice floats/has floatedinto the Atlantic Ocean.
(present simple, лёд плывет в Атлантический океан – общее утверждение. 
present  perfect, автор хочет показать, что лёд плывет в Атлантический океан, и уже есть результат)

FLOAT

B10

Scientists say that the lack of ice represents clear proof that the planet is warming. Back in the past it could take three years to get through the waterway’s thick ice successfully, now — just a few weeks.
(present continues, т.к. это изменение, развитие. Планета постепенно нагревается)

WARM

B4

Do you know what holography is? It is a technique based on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
(основанная на)

 BASE

B5

In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk cameup with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.
(past simple, т.к. событие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом, в 1962.)

COME

B6

Now the technology is used in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.
(present simple passive, т.к. технология используется, а не использует)

 USE

B7

Johnny noticed a change in his mother’s appearance. “Mommy, some of your hairs are turning / have turned grey. Why?” the curious child asked.
(present continuous, т.к. говорящий хочет сосредоточиться на процессе, становятся седыми. 
present perfect,т.к. говорящий сосредотачивается на результате, уже стали седые.)

TURN

B8

The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It is because of you, dear. Every bad action of yours shows on my hair.
(твоё действие)

 YOU

B9

It turns one my hairs grey!”
(present simple, 3-е лицо)

 TURN

B10

The child replied innocently: “Now I know why my grandmother has only grey hair on her head.” Most children are smarter than adults think.
(степень сравнения)

 SMART

B4

Once I was travelling in Italy. It was a lovely day. I wandered along the street until I came upon some parasol-shaded tables which seemed to me very nice. I settled and opened my book.
(мне)

 I

B5

It was taking a long time for the waiter to arrive, but I was in no hurry. I was sure that the waiter would come soon.
(reported speech, т.к. мы переходим из прошлого в будущее.)

COME

B6

But finally, becoming impatient, I turned to signal for service and saw the neon sign. That was the worst moment … I discovered that I was sitting outside a store selling garden furniture.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the greatest wonders of the world.
(степень сравнения

 GREAT

B8

The Great Wall was built in order to protect the country form different aggressors.
(past simple passive, т.к. стена была построена, а не сама построила что-то)

BUILD

B9

The construction of the Wall began in the 6thcentury BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

BEGIN

B10

Since then, the Great Wall of China has become a Symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
(present perfect, т.к. действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор)

BECOME

B4

Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called him.
(ему)

 HE

B5

A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and would come home late in the evening.
(reported speech, при переходе из прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

COME

B6

The worst moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee’s office to apologize for my call.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

Later, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn’t missed the exam.
(степень сравнения)

 LATE

B8

In English-speaking countries they celebrate Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day. In Russia we celebrate the International Women’s Day. Though it is called ‘International’, it is observed only in Russia and some CIS countries.
(present simple passive, т.к. это называется, а не само называет)

CALL

B9

Boys and men bring flowers and small presents to girls and women they work or study with.
(man – ед.ч. men – мн.ч.)

 MAN

B10

It has become a tradition for husbands to do all house work on that day. There are many jokes about it being the only day of the year when they do this.
(present perfect, т.к. действие началось в прошлом, и продолжается до настоящего)

BECOME

B4

My elder brother likes all kinds of music. He prefers jazz but also listens to pop music and sometimes goes to classical music concerts. But when driving me in his car, he insists on listening to heavy-metal music.
(меня)

 I

B5

For a long time I couldn’t/could notunderstand why he was doing  it.
(can – настоящее время, could – прошедшее время)

 NOT CAN

B6

He knew very well that for me it was theworst kind of music.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

One day I decided to ask him why he always chose this type while driving. “Well, sister,” he reluctantly replied, “to be frank, it’s mainly so you can’t sing along.” He added that he would listen to anything else if only I promised not to sing along.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

LISTEN

B8

St. Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. On March 17 there is a great celebration with the major parade in Dublin and smaller parades all over Ireland. In New York the first St.Patrick’s Day celebration took place in 1762.
(первый)

 ONE

B9

On March 15, 1992 St. Patrick’s Day was celebrated in Moscow. Thousands of delighted Muscovites gathered at Novy Arbat to watch the parade of marching bands, Cossack horsemen and floats of Russian and Irish companies.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день празднуется, а не он сам что-то празднует)

CELEBRATE

B10

Since then, St. Patrick’s Day parades have been held in Moscow every year.
(present perfect passive, т.к. действие началось в прошлом и продолжается по сей день)

HOLD

B4

For years my husband, Tom, and I had complained bitterly about the lack of sidewalks in our village. We didn’t have enough exercise but we couldn’t / could not jog because there were no sidewalks.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

Tom had often told me, «If only we had sidewalks, we would jog or walk daily and become models of fitness».
(мне)

 I

B6

So we were thrilled when a community sidewalk project was announced, and watched eagerly as paving neared completion. Then theworst thing happened: wishful thinking and reality collided.
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B7

«Well, dear,» Tom said. «What’ll we use as an excuse for not walking now?» I said I would think of some excuse.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

THINK

B8

In the USA, Memorial Day is the last Monday in May. Memorial Day was declared a national holiday in 1971.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день был провозглашён, а не сам что-то провозгласил)

DECLARE

B9

But the tradition of honoring those who died in defense of their country goes back to the Civil War. The tradition to hold memorial services, visit the cemeteries, decorate the graves with flowers and wreaths originated in Waterloo, New York, in 1866.
(их)

 THEY

B10

Since then, the tradition has changed. Nowadays, on Memorial Day Americans honor not only soldiers who perished in wars but those loved ones who have died.
(present perfect, т.к. традиция изменилась и остается изменённой до сих пор)

CHANGE

B4

As we walked around the Prehistoric Park in Calgary, I had my six- year-old son, Jordie, pose for a picture with a brontosaurus in the background. After I took the photo, I couldn’t/ could not help crying.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

«What’s wrong, Моm?» Jordie asked. I explained that when I was his age, my parents had taken my picture standing in exactly the same spot, and I was feeling rather nostalgic. I added that perhaps one day he would takehis son’s picture here.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

TAKE

B6

Puzzled, he looked several times from the brontosaurus to me.
(мне)

 I

B7

And then came the worst moment of my life. My son said, «But … when you were a girl … it was alive then, right?»
(bad – worse — the worst)

 BAD

B8

On this day, Russia celebrates the victory over Nazi Germany and honours 20 million Soviet people who died in the war. May 9 was chosen, since on the night of the 8th/9th of 1945, the Nazi Germany surrendered to the Soviet Union and the Allies in Berlin.
(past simple passive, т.к. этот день был выбран, а не сам что-то выбрал)

CHOOSE

B9

In Russia, almost every family has at least one person who took part in the war.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

TAKE

B10

Older citizens who did not fight during the war worked in factories to make weapons, which was not easier than fighting. They, too, are honoured on Victory Day.
(степень сравнения)

 EASY

B4

Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown worked in the same office. Their wives were good friends. One day Mr. Jones invited Mr. Brown to a small party.
(wife – ед.число, wives – мн.ч.)

 WIFE

B5

Mr. Brown went into the other room and telephoned. He was surprised very much by his telephone conversation.
(past simple passive, он был удивлён, а не он удивил кого-то)

SURPRISE

B6

When he came back Mr. Jones asked him, “Have you spoken to your wife already?” “No, she wasn’t/was not there when I phoned. My small son answered the phone. I asked him, “Is your mother there?” And he said, “She is somewhere outside”.
(past simple, т.к. действие произошло в определённый момент в прошлом)

NOT BE

B7

“Why is she outside?” I asked. “She is lookingfor me”, he answered.
(present continues, т.к. действие происходит в настоящий для говорящего момент)

LOOK

B8

Have you ever celebrated Maslenitsa? It is one of the most popular festivals in Russia. It signals the end of winter and welcomes the coming of spring.
(степень сравнения)

 POPULAR

B9

Russian pancakes — blini — are very important in the celebration of Maslenitsa. Blini are eaten with jam, sour cream, and of course, lots of butter.
(present simple passive, т.к. это общее утверждение. Также, блины едят, а не сами блины едят кого-то)

EAT

B10

Warm, round, and golden — blini are the symbol of the sun! Ancient Russians actually believed that when eating a pancake, theywere getting a part of the Sun’s life energy.
(past continues, т.к. это параллельное действие, когда они ели, они получали)

GET

B4

Some of the natural wonders are known for their beauty. The Meteor Crater is not one of them. It looks like a big hole in the desert. Itwas caused by a meteorite hitting the earth thousands of years ago.
(past simple passive, т.к. метеоритный удар по земле послужил причиной, а не большая дыра в земле послужила причиной )

CAUSE

B5

The crater is 4,145 feet across, and 570 feet deep. It is the largest impact crater in the entire world.
(степень сравнения)

 LARGE

B6

When Europeans discovered it in 1871, theythought it was the top of a volcano.
(past simple, т.к. говорится об определенном событии в прошлом)

THINK

B7

Since then, scientists have explored/have been exploring the crater for many years, but there are still many secrets and mysteries hiding inside it.
(present perfect, т.к. говорящий хочет акцентировать внимание на результате. Исследование началось с какого-то момента в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор.

present perfect continues, т.к. говорящий хочет акцентировать внимание больше на процессе, который начался в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор. )

EXPLORE

B8

One day last summer my nine-year-old daughter went off to the camp. All her thingswere packed in a small bag.
(past simple passive, т.к. её вещи были упакованы, а не сами упаковали ч.л.)

PACK

B9

Two weeks later, Anna came back home and I unpacked her things. Everything was clean and well folded. “Camp sure has changed you. Your things look much better than usual.”
(степень сравнения)

 GOOD

B10

“It was simple, Mom,” she answered. “I didn’t unpack. Many children did the same.”
(child – ед.ч, children – мн.ч.)

 CHILD

B4

Russia has a varied climate. Almost all of Russia is situated in the North Temperature Zone.
(present simple passive, т.к. она находится, а не она расположила)

SITUATE

B5

The climate is continental; however, the fluctuations in temperature are greater than in other European countries.
(степень сравнения)

 GREAT

B6

The extreme north is a cold bare region — the tundra. For more than six months it is buriedin snow.
(present simple passive, т.к. она находится, а не она расположила)

BURY

B7

This region can be called the land offrozen rivers.
(замёрзший)

 FREEZE

B8

In May the temperature begins to rise. The gloomy night is succeeded by continuous daylight, when the sun does not sink/doesn’tsink below the horizon for several months.
(present simple, т.к. это общее утверждение. это происходит всегда, регулярно.)

NOT SINK

B9

The better part of Russia is not influenced by the warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to form a barrier against the cold windsblowing from the Arctic Ocean.
(дующий)

 BLOW

B10

The extreme west of Russia has a temperate climate. Thus, the summers in the Baltic are cool and the winters mild. If we go further/farther east, the climate will become more continental.
(степень сравнения)

 FAR

B4

Everybody knows that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Was he really the first to reach the continent? The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people were able to build boats that couldcross oceans.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 CAN

B5

То test his ideas, Heyerdal decided to build a copy of the ancient Egyptian boat and sail across the Atlantic. On May 25, 1969 the boat called Ra left a port in Morocco and headed across the widest part of the Atlantic.
(степень сравнения)

 WIDE

B6

On May 17, 1970 Ra successfully crossed the Atlantic, proving that ancient civilizations had enough skill to reach America long before Columbus.
(доказывая)

 PROVE

B7

In ancient Greece there were many temples built for Apollo. He was the god of youth, beauty, music and poetry. Besides, Apollo had one very special skill — he could see the future. One day Apollo came to the temple in Troy. Among other women he saw Cassandra, a young and beautiful priestess, who worked at the temple.
(woman – ед.ч., women – мн.ч.)

 WOMAN

B8

Apollo was impressed by her grace.
(past simple passive, т.к. он был впечатлён, а не он впечатлил)

IMPRESS

B9

The minute Apollo saw Cassandra, he fell in love. It was love at first sight. Apollo offered her a deal. He would give Cassandra the gift of being able to see the future, if she gave him a kiss. Cassandra agreed.
(past simple, т.к. это случилось тогда, в определённый момент в прошлом, fall-fell-fallen)

FALL

B10

With a laugh, Apollo gave her the gift,dreaming about the reward. Instantly, Cassandra could see the future. She saw Apollo, in the future, helping to destroy Troy.
(мечтая)

 DREAM

B4

Once there lived an old emperor who had no children. He couldn’t /could not choose his successor for a long time.
(could – прошедшая форма от can)

 NOT CAN

B5

Then he called all the young people in the kingdom together and said, «I’ll give each one of you a seed today. I want you to go home, plant it, water it and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from this one seed.» A boy named Ling also got a seed. He came home and told his mother that he would grow the best plant.
(reported speech, при переходе их прошлого в будущее will меняется на would)

GROW

B6

She helped him plant the seed. Every day he watered it but nothing grew.
(ему)

 HE

B7

A year passed and Ling took his empty pot to the palace while all the rest brought some beautiful plants. The emperor said, «Lying is the worst thing in the world. I gave you all spoilt seeds. Nothing grows from spoilt seeds.» So Ling became the new emperor.
(bad–worse-the worst)

 BAD

 B8

Roald Dahl, a famous British writer, was Norwegian by birth. Dahl was named after the Polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. During the Second World War Dahl served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter pilot.
(past simple passive, т.к. он был назван, а не он назвал к.л.)

NAME

B9

Dahl became well-known in 1940s with works for both children and adults.
(child – ед.число, children – мн.число)

 CHILD

B10

One of his highly popular tales was ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’. Since 1945 his books have been published in almost 50 languages.
(present perfect passive, т.к. действие началось в прошлом, и не закончилось до сих пор.)

PUBLISH