Sifting through the sands of time ответы егэ

ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
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SIFTING THROUGH THE SANDS OF TIME
When you are on the beach, you are stepping on ancient mountains,
skeletons of marine animals, even tiny diamonds. Sand provides a
mineral treasure-trove, a record of geology’s earth-changing processes.
Sand: as 1)… we play on it and as adults we relax on it. 1)CHILD
It is something we complain about when it gets in our food, and praise
when it’s moulded into castles. But we don’t often look at it. If we did,
we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of marine
life that 2)… back thousands and in some cases millions of 2)GO
years.
Sand covers not just sea-shores, but also ocean beds, deserts and
mountains. It is one of the 3)… substances on earth. And 3) COMMON
it is a major element that 4)…. use — concrete is largely 4)MAN
sand, while glass 5)…. of little else. 5)MAKE
What exactly is sand? Well, it is 6)… than fine dust. 6)LARGE
Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consists of tiny
pebbles or porous granules. Its shape may have the shapes of stars or
spirals, their edges jagged and smooth.
They 7)…. from the erosion of rocks or from the skeletons 7)COME
Of marine organisms, which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans,
or even from volcanic eruptions.

When you’re on the beach, you’re stepping on ancient mountains, skeletons of marine animals, even tiny diamonds. Sand provides a mineral treasure-trove, a record of geology’s earth-changing processes.

Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when ft gets in our food, and praise when it’s moulded into castles. But we don’t often look at it, If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of marine life that goes back thousands and in some cases millions of years.

Sand covers not just sea-shores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. It is one of the most common substances on earth, And it is a major element in man made materials too –concrete is largely sand, while glass is made of little else.

What exactly is sand? Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement, devised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grains qualify if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter.

Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grains may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges lagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms, which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.

Color is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may be derived from nearby coral outcrops, from crystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum, like the white sands of New Mexico. On Pacific Islands jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic. Some sand is very recent indeed, as is the case on the island of Kaomagma in Hawaii, where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in 1990, Motten lava spilled into the sea and exploded in glassy droplets.

Usually, the older the granules, the finer they are and the smoother their edges. The fine, white beaches of northern Scotland, for instance, are recycled from sandstone several hundred million years old. Perhaps they will be stone once more, in another few hundred million.

Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient whose uses are legion: but ft has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the sea’s impact, and geologists say it often does a better job of protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.

Làm thế nào để làm scanning đúng cách? Và IELTS reading cần bạn scan gì ngoài tên riêng  và con số?

     Scanning yêu cầu người đọc tìm ra thông tin chi tiết (tên riêng, số, từ khóa, ký hiệu) một cách nhanh chóng nhất. Sau đó người đọc cần đọc xung quanh từ khóa đó để tìm câu trả lời. Vậy scanning giúp định vị thông tin của câu trả lời trong bài.

1.Các kĩ thuật scanning:

Khi đọc, mắt chúng ta thường quét từ trái sang phải và từ trên xuống dưới theo chiều phát triển của bài viết. Nhưng nếu đọc như vậy mà bạn gặp vài mẩu thông tin bạn thích thú, hoặc gặp phải vài từ khó bạn cần phải đọc chậm lại và kiểm tra ngữ cảnh phía trước và sau từ đó để hiểu. Những việc đó làm chậm tốc độ đọc của bạn và ưu tiên cho việc hiểu thông tin.

Tuy nhiên kĩ thuật scanning yêu cầu bạn tìm ra thông tin càng nhanh càng tốt, không cần bạn hiểu những đoạn bạn đã lướt qua. Tốc độ ở đây là tính bằng giây chứ không phải phút. Vì vậy có một số  kiểu scan bằng cách đọc ngược sau đây để các bạn tham khảo và áp dụng.

2. Các bước cần làm khi gặp câu hỏi cần scanning:

Bước 1. Đọc câu hỏi và gạch chân từ khóa bạn cần scan trong câu hỏi + dự đoán từ đồng nghĩa bạn sẽ gặp trong bài

(vì ngoại trừ số, và tên riêng thì còn lại đa phần bạn sẽ chỉ thấy từ đồng nghĩa của từ khóa trong câu hỏi chứ ít khi gặp chính xác từ ấy trong bài đọc).

Bước 2. Scan bài đọc để tìm ra vị trí từ khóa thật nhanh và đánh dấu từ khóa ấy (bằng khoanh tròn hay gạch chân).

Bước 3: Đọc xung quanh từ được đánh dấu để tìm câu trả lời.

Bài tập áp dụng.

Áp các bước ở trên vào trả lời các câu hỏi 1-6 với tối đa 3 từ bằng cách scan bài đọc sau

Bước 1. Đọc câu hỏi, gạch chân từ khóa + tìm từ đồng nghĩa của từ được gạch chân.

Áp dụng

Bây giờ các bạn hãy đọc bài đọc sau đây và trả lời 6 câu hỏi trên dùng scanning để xác định nhanh vị trí từ khóa cần đọc và đọc xung quanh từ khóa đó để tìm câu trả lời.

Sifting Through The Sands Of Time

When you’re on the beach, you’re stepping on ancient mountains, skeletons of marine animals, even tiny diamonds. Sand provides a mineral treasure-trove, a record of geology’s earth-changing processes.

Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when it gets in our food, and praise when it’s molded into castles. But we don’t often look at it, If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of marine life that goes back thousands and in some cases millions of years.

Sand covers not just sea-shores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. It is one of the most common substances on earth, and it is a major element in manmade materials too –concrete is largely sand, while glass is made of little else.

What exactly is sand? Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement, devised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grains qualify if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter.

Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grains may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges lagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms, which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.

Color is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may be derived from nearby coral outcrops, from crystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum, like the white sands of New Mexico. On Pacific Islands jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic. Some sand is very recent indeed, as is the case on the island of Kaomaoma in Hawaii, where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in 1990, molten lava spilled into the sea and exploded in glassy droplets.

Usually, the older the granules, the finer they are and the smoother their edges. The fine, white beaches of Northern Scotland, for instance, are recycled from sandstone several hundred million years old. Perhaps they will be stone once more, in another few hundred million.

Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient whose uses are legion: but it has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the sea’s impact, and geologists say it often does a better job of protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.

Bạn nên đọc thêm về câu hỏi cần dùng nhiều scanning.