Speaking about his background nigel says that ответы егэ

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. When I have time I cook for my family

2. I don’t mind helping my parents doing things about the house

3. I believe that all house work should be done by parents

4. Despite being busy at school I still try to help my mom about the house

5. I have my specific seasonal duties about the house

6. My parents and I have conflicts because of housework

7. Extra housework prevents me from going out more

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. David hasn’t been to school for some time

B. Paula knew David felt much better

C. Doctors think David needs a month to recover

D. David has to read 78 pages from the history book

E. David thinks the essay task is very hard

F. Paula will e-mail the article for the biology task to David

G. Paula agreed to visit David the next day

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Speaking about his background, Nigel says that …

1) He decided to become a pilot at an early age.

2) His family was related to aviation.

3) It took him quite long to understand that he wanted to fly

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

4

At present, Nigel’s main ambition is to work on …

1) local flights.

2) trans-Atlantic flights.

3) popular international flights.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

5

When Nigel decided to get a pilot’s license, he had to …

1) Leave school to work.

2) Change many jobs.

3) Combine work and studies.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

6

Nigel explains that “to get instrument rating” means to demonstrate the ability to …

1) Operate any type of aircraft.

2) Fly in any weather conditions.

3) Use different equipment on the ground.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

7

In order to achieve his aim, Nigel still needs to …

1) Pass a medical test.

2) Gain more flying skills.

3) Choose a suitable airline.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

8

Nigel can’t get a job with a major airline because …

1) He doesn’t have enough experience.

2) These airlines have stopped hiring new pilots.

3) His pilot’s license is not valid.

Вы услышите интервью. В задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

9

Before he gets enough experience, Nigel is ready to work …

1) For a low salary.

2) With many different people.

3) In faraway places.

p>Установите соответствие заголовков 1–8 абзацам текста А–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

A. The makers of the “Star Wars” franchise on Monday announced the name of the films’ next installment — “The Last Jedi” — just as “Rogue One” hit $1 billion in global box office. Onscreen, it’s a great time to be a Jedi. But Jedi is also a real-life religion that drew headlines last month when the Charity Commission for England and Wales ruled that it would not grant religious status to the Temple of the Jedi Order, a Jedi church.

B. Interest in the religious potential in “Star Wars” first bubbled up online in the early 1990s, Michael Kitchen, one of several directors of the Temple of the Jedi Order, said in a recent interview. The religion exploded into the mainstream in 2001, when fans in several countries listed Jediism as a religion on their local census. Hundreds of thousands did so. For many, it was a joke. But the phenomenon led others who were serious about Jediism to start considering the possibility of full religious status.

C. The Temple of the Jedi Order isn’t the only Jedi religion. Others exist, and relations among them aren’t always warm. Daniel M. Jones, of Wales, founded the Church of Jediism in 2008 and plans to publish a book of Jedi scripture soon. Mr. Jones stressed that his church had entirely different practices than those developed by the temple, which he described as a fundamentally Christian organization.

D. The number of worldwide practitioners is unclear. In a 2014 interview with the BBC, Beth Singler, a Cambridge University researcher, estimated the number of serious adherents to Jediism in England at roughly 2,000.By more recent research, this number has doubled.

E. Anyone can make an account online and then begin the initiate program to join the religion. The eight-step program includes lessons on the value of myth, world religions and tips on interacting in a forum-based community. After completing the program, initiates begin to work one-on-one with a mentor.

F. Many Jedi are “Star Wars” aficionados and come to the religion through a love for the film franchise. But some have never seen the films, said Brenna West, a temple spokeswoman. Ms. West herself is a big “Star Wars” fan.

G. Ms. West said that members of the temple did not view Ms. Fisher (the late actress who was starring in the films) as a religious icon but that many did admire her. “She did undertake a journey, both as Princess Leia and in real life,” Ms. West said. “But anyway we separate the profession and what we believe in, so it would be not right to say that Ms Fisher was an object of worship.”

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу

A 16-page note about a fairytale told to Mark Twain’s daughters is to be published this year, A ________________.

The Purloining of Prince Oleomargarine is based on handwritten notes by Twain of a story B _______________. In the story, a young boy C ____________recruits some creatures to help him save a kidnapped prince.

The long-lost tale has been completed and illustrated by author and illustrator team Philip and Erin Stead. Publisher Doubleday said D __________________ in the face of tyranny, with sharply drawn satire and touching pathos.

A scholar spotted the story in 2011 among archive materials E _____________at the University of California at Berkeley.

Although Twain told his young daughters countless bedtime stories, made up on the spot as they requested them, it is believed that F_____________.

1. who can talk to animals

2. told to his young daughters one night in Paris in 1879

3. this was the only time he recorded one

4. the tale explores themes of charity, kindness, and bravery

5. on the 150th anniversary of the Huckleberry Finn author’s first book

6. when he visited the Mark Twain Papers and Project

7. and is as good as his famous novels

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

12

Which of the following does NOT Angela Ceberano do?

1) Works in PR

2) Uses an old-fashioned thing

3) Sells diaries

4) Sometimes lives in San Francisco

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

13

Why does Angela use paper but not apps?

1) It helps her to concentrate.

2) She’s a technophobe.

3) There are no good apps she could use.

4) She likes how the paper feels.

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

14

What did the 2010 study suggest?

1) We are able to consume less information than before

2) There are big information overloads

3) People are addicted to the Internet

4) Technologies are becoming more powerful

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

15

Why “the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard”?

1) Because the study showed that it’s easier to affect people with written notes

2) Because the study showed that those who write in hand performed better

3) Because the study showed that people with computers are addicted to them

4) Because the study showed that people with computers are more impatient

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

16

What does “doodle” mean?

1) To draw meaningless things

2) To write information down

3) To chat with pictures

4) To use smileys

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

17

What is TRUE about stationary sales rates?

1) Moleskine showed a growth but Leuchtturm1917 didn’t

2) Leuchtturm1917 showed a growth but Moleskine didn’t

3) Moleskine sales went viral

4) Moleskine sales has grown twice

Прочитайте текст и выполните заданиt. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Every January, Angela Ceberano sets goals for the 12 months ahead. And on Sunday nights, she plans and organises the coming week.But instead of spreadsheets and fancy smartphone apps, the Melbourne, Australia-based founder of public relations firm Flourish PR, uses notepads, an old-fashioned diary, coloured pens and a stack of magazines. With these, she brainstorms, makes lists and creates a vision board.

Ceberano is anything but a technophobe. A digital native with a strong social-media presence, she splits her time between traditional and new media, and between Australia and San Francisco, where some of her start-up clients are based.

“Sometimes, I just want to get rid of all the technology and sit down in a quiet space with a pen and paper,” she says. “There are so many apps out there and I feel like no app gives me everything that I need. I’ve tried and really given them a go, doing those to-do lists of having your priorities or brain storming using lots of different apps … [but] when I get a pen and paper, or when I’m using my old-fashioned diary and pen, it just feels more flexible to me. I can always pull it out. I can focus.”

She’s not alone. A quick scan of social media illustrates a quiet return to the humble charms of stationery and lettering. Many people are using cursive writing and colouring in to help organise their lives or work on certain goals — whether it’s fitness, finances, or fast-tracking their careers. And, despite the proliferation of apps, other back-to-basics ideas have gained popularity online.

Science suggests these traditional types might be on to something. While technology can certainly provide an edge for certain tasks, digital overload is a real and growing concern. A 2010 study by the University of California at San Diego suggests we consume nearly three times as much information as we did the 1960s. And a report by Ofcom in the UK says that 60% of us consider ourselves addicted to our devices, with a third of us spending longer online each day than we intend. So are we doing too much, and are our screens too distracting? Possibly.

Other findings show that pen and paper have an edge over the keyboard. Research by Princeton University and the University of California at Los Angeles, published in 2014, showed that the pen is indeed mightier than the keyboard. In three studies, researchers found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. Those who took written notes had a better understanding of the material and remembered more of it because they had to mentally process information rather than type it verbatim. And, another study, published in the Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, showed that people who doodle can better recall dull information.

The difference now is that there’s a return to traditional techniques by the digitally savvy. Many are successful vloggers, work in tech, or are experts in new media. And this latest trend has helped boost sales of stationery like Moleskine and Leuchtturm1917 notepads, the companies say. For its part, Moleskine has seen double-digit growth annually over the past four years, according to Mark Cieslinski, president of Moleskine America. Leuchtturm1917 marketing manager Richard Bernier says it was about June 2016 when sales went viral, due in no small part to the popularity of bullet journaling, a popular form of list-keeping, among the online community.

For Ceberano, being able to switch off her phone, step away from the computer, sit down and focus is key, along with the flexibility to create her own systems.“You can get caught up in this stream of technology and actually it’s always on someone else’s terms,” she says. “With those apps, the reason I don’t use them is because they are someone else’s format. It’s not the way my mind thinks,” Ceberano says. “So when I’m there with a pen and paper, I’m putting it down in a way that is very organised in my head, but probably wouldn’t work for somebody else. … I think people are just trying to take back ownership over the time that they’ve got and also the way that we’re controlling the information that we’re taking in.”

18

What is the key idea in the last paragraph?

1) Using notepads is a new trend

2) Using apps is overrated

3) Notepads could be used by anybody

4) Everyone should choose for themselves

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

19

In the early 1990s Mark Channon ____________at a London bar, when a friend taught him a technique to remember names.

WORK

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

20

At the time, Channon, who was an aspiring actor, could remember lines for a performance, but __________ a terrible memory for names.

HAVE

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

21

With the name-memorisation technique, however, he was soon remembering customers’ names and drink orders even during the _________ nights. Within a few years he designed a game show for the BBC called Monkhouse Memory Masters where he would teach contestants memory strategies and they would then compete in memory games.

BUSY

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

22

By 1995 he had come _________ in the World Memory Championships, becoming one of the first International Grand Masters of Memory.

SIX

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

23

Today Channon teaches workers _________ memory strategies to give them  an edge in their careers.

THIS

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

24

Business coaches like Channon say that __________names is an effective tool that can help CEOs build trust with employees and executives create rapport with potential clients.

REMEMBER

Прочитайте приведенные ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слово, напечатанное заглавными буквами после текста, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста. Впишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

The lost art of losing

25

Being able to recall someone’s name shows that you _________attention to what they’re talking about and that you care about what they have to say, he explains.

PAY

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

26

“I think we have an __________ with diets. With fad diets.”

OBSESS

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

27

This was Ella Mills, the food writer behind Deliciously Ella and bestselling author of arguablythe most _____________ fad diet cookbook series in recent years trend

SUCCESS

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

28

Her eponymous first book was the UK’s fastest-selling debut cookbook ever, and she has since gone on to launch two central-London delis, create her own range of “energy balls” and even release a skincare range in __________ with Neal’s Yard.

COLLABORATE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

29

Speaking on last Friday’s Today programme, the blogger was keen to distance herself from so-called “clean eating” and, ____________, from the crescendo of criticism surrounding the trend.

CLEVER

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

30

It wasn’t long ago that clean eating seemed ______________

TOUCHABLE

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слова, напечатанного заглавными буквами после текста, однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста. Запишите маленькими буквами полученное слово в поле для ответа.

31

This new philosophy, popularised by bloggers such as Mills, the Hemsley sisters and Amelia Freer, was roughly the idea that we should eat less processed food and more fruit and veg. It was about doing away with junk food, and staging a return to a more thoughtful way of eating. So far, so ___________, you might think

SENSE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

32

1) keep 2) make 3) feel 4) have

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

33

1) same 2) similarly 3) like 4) alike

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

34

1) result 2) cause 3) lead 4) reason

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

35

1) to 2) about 3) with 4) from

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

36

1) every 2) any 3) of 4) with

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

37

1) out 2) in 3) for 4) with

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Many people worry that running ruins knees. But a new study finds that the activity may in fact benefit the joint, changing the biochemical environment inside the knee in ways that could help 32 ___________ it working smoothly.

In my many decades as a runner, fellow runners and nonrunners 33 _____________have frequently told me that I am putting my knees at risk. The widespread argument generally follows the lines that running will slowly wear away the cartilage that cushions the bones in the joint and 34 _____________arthritis.

But there is little evidence to support the idea, and a growing body of research that suggests the reverse. Epidemiological studies of long-term runners show that they generally are less likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees than people of the same age who do not run.

Some scientists have speculated that running may protect knees because it also often is associated 35 ___________relatively low body mass. Carrying less weight is known to 36 __________the risk for knee arthritis.

But other researchers have wondered whether running might have a more direct impact on knee joints, perhaps by altering the working of various cells inside the knee. To find 37 ___________, researchers at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, recruited 15 male and female runners under the age of 30 with no history of knee injury or arthritis. The scientists wished to study people with healthy knees in order to better isolate running’s effects on otherwise normal joints.

The findings suggest that moderate amounts of running are “not likely to do any 38 ______to healthy knees and probably offer protection” against joint damage.

38

1) wound 2) harm 3) injury 4) trauma

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nicole who writes:

Hello! I have great news! Next month my parents and I are moving to the Alaska. I’m not kidding you! Really! One problem is that I’m not at all familiar with such kind of climate. You told me that your father visits quite often Alaska. So, maybe you could help me. Is it really that cold in Alaska? Will I always wear only coats? Are you planning to come once with your father to Alaska?

Love, Nicole

Write a letter to Nicole.

In your letter

• answer his questions,
• ask 3 questions about her school plans/

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement:

1. Fast food outlets should be closed.

2. It’s not right to be strict with little children.

What is your opinion?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Выбери тест

«Выбери тест, предмет и нажми кнопку «Начать решать»

1 / 6

Вкладки

После выбора предмета необходимо выбрать на вкладке задания, варианты ЕГЭ, ОГЭ или другого теста, или теорию

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Задания

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Magnificent mysteries

«Dynasty and Divinity», the first big exhibition devoted to African sculpture from the Kingdom Ife (in present-day Nigeria), begins an 18-month tour of America. The show, which consist of a number of works in stone, terracotta and metal made between the 9th and 15th centures, is a genuine revelation and a rare treat. Art from dramatically different cultures if often hard to connect with, as is their languages, traditions and ways, but these sculptures are naturalistic and remarkably accessible.

More than 100 works on display. Some have been abroad before, some have left Africa for the first time. Text and photo murals on the walls instruct visitors about the ancient kingdom, which had been an unbroken monarchy for more than 800 years.

The background information is interesting limited. The art itself makes a powerful impact. Some of it is unnerving. A few of the terracotta heads are gagged; others are deformed either by birth defects or disease. A dozen or more heads in copper alloy are exciting in a less complicated way; their faces radiate serenity. Ten of them are life-sized. The three that are somewhat smaller are topped by gorgeous crowns decorated with what appears to be rings of beads. These heads are beautiful, technically sophisticated and compelling.

Some of the objects in the exhibition definitely used to play a part in rituals. But were they made for that purpose? There is no answer as life has no written early history. Many of the works were chance discoveries. There is no archaelogical record to help scholars find answer to the many questions that they raise. Were the copper-alloy heads the work of a single artist or workshop? Are the heads portraits or idealised images? It is almost impossible to be sure of the sex of one or two.

In the 15th century metal casting in Ife stopped abruptly. The reasons are quite clear. This was when the Portuguese arrived on West Africa’s coast to colonise it. The neighbouring Kingdom of Benin supplanted inland Ife as a trading center and the metal casters, as other craftsmen, may have moved to where they were more likely to find patrons. For this speaks the fact that the best of Benin’s famous, more stylised samples of bronze were made between the 15th and 18th cenures. But the memory of the greatness survived, and Ife remined and still remains the spiritual home of the Yoruba-speaking people.

In 1910 Leo Frobenius, a German explorer, saw Ife’s superbly modelled terracotta sculptures and a single brass head. He was so stunned that thought they were too good to have been made by Africans and concluded that the sculptors must have been survivors of Atlantis, the submerged island of Greek legend. Along with expressions of excitement, there were echoes of this reaction in 1938 when Europeans first saw a cache of newly unearthed brass heads.

Now these reactions seem shockingly bigoted or, at best, quaintly narrow-minded: the skill and imagination of African artists is generally recognised. Ife sculpture is seen to be sophisticated, not primitive. Appropriately, the show is touring art, rather than ethnographical, institute. Its last stop before returning to Nigeria will be in the handsome new building of New York’s African art museum.

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At the Manor House

The Rolls-Royce drove through the gates of the Manor House and up a long driveway lined with tall oaks. Harry had counted six gardeners even before he 32 ______ eyes on the house.

33 ______ during their time at the boarding school Harry had learned a little about how Giles lived, but nothing had prepared him for this. When he saw the house for the first time, his mouth opened and 34 ______ open. “Early eighteenth century would be my guess,” said Deakins. “Not bad,” said Giles. “1722, built by Vanbrugh”. The car came to a halt in front of a three-storey mansion built from golden Cotswold stone. Giles jumped out before the chauffeur had a chance to open the back door. He ran up the steps and made his 35 ______ through the front door and into a large, highly polished wood-panelled hall. His two friends followed him.

As soon as Harry stepped into the hall, he found himself transfixed by the portrait of an old man. He appeared to be staring directly down at Harry. Giles 36 ______ the man in the portrait — he had inherited the man’s beak-like nose, fierce blue eyes and square jaw. Harry looked 37 ______ at the other paintings that adorned the walls. He was looking at a landscape by an artist called Constable, when a woman swept into the hall wearing what Harry could only have described as a ball gown.

“Happy birthday, my darling,” she 38 ______ . “Thank you, Mum,” replied Giles as she bent down to kiss him. She gave Harry such a warm smile that he immediately felt at ease.

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