Steps to understanding culture сочинение

Обновлено: 09.03.2023

Every society and culture has different ways of interpreting and defining occurrences by the way their own culture or society functions. A society s culture, consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members (Geertz 242). The rituals, customs, ethics and morals that are attributed to the cultures have caused these differences. To understand how the people of one culture interpret a situation or event, one must evaluate the attributes that a culture has. The criteria that an event is based on changes as one culture applies their own ideas to the given situation. Heroism and violation are two concepts that are easily misinterpreted depending on culture s ideals. Since cultures have different attributes it is impossible for two cultures to exist and share a view of a situation or event.

Heroism and violation are two concepts that are addressed by Geertz in his relating of Ryle s story of the sheep raid. From the different cultures involved, two different interpretations are concluded. To the protagonist, Cohen, and the perpetrators of the crime, his raid on the Berbers was seen as heroism. Cohen risking his life for his redemption of crime that was committed against him is viewed as heroic. On the contrary, when Cohen returned to his French counterparts, they saw his redemption as a violation of the Berbers, and accused him of being a spy:

Here, in our text, such sorting would begin with distinguishing the

three unlike frames of interpretation ingredient in the situation,

Jewish, Berber, and French, and would then move on to show how (and

why) at that time, in that place, their copresence produced a

situation in which systematic misunderstanding reduced traditional

form to social farce. What tripped Cohen up, and with him the whole,

ancient pattern of social and economic relationships within which he

functioned, was a confusion of tongues. (Geertz 241)

Geertz explains that the reason for the confusion, and the different interpretations of the event that took place is a simple misunderstanding that when took place in clashing cultures with different views, both striving to claim the situation in their own contexts became a somewhat humorous event. This conflict between cultures causes a view of a person to change depending on which point of reference they are being seen from.

In Ernest Hemingway s Indian Camp, the conflict between cultures again cause a difference of views of the father. The concept of heroism and violation becomes the issue of conflict. The father or doctor is considered a hero or a violator of the Indian woman depending on the culture viewing him. From the father s culture, he is viewed as a hero for his actions at the Indian camp. His actions are viewed as heroic under the circumstances of his procedure. Because of the culture of the Indian people, having a white man, an outsider of the tribe, come in and operate on an Indian woman is viewed as obscene and a violation of the woman not to have her baby on her own. She had been trying to have her baby for two days. All the old women in the camp had been helping her (Hemingway 16). Because the Indian woman had been trying to have her baby for the last two days with the help of the other Indian women, it shows the Indians reluctance to call for help outside of the camp itself. Uncle George looked at his arm. The young Indian smiled reminiscently (Hemingway 18). During the operation, the young Indian woman bit the arm of uncle George. Her smiling conveys her lack of appreciation for his help during the procedure. The Indian woman feels that, what the uncle George and the doctor perceive as help, is an intrusion of her privacy and her privilege to have her baby with out the assistance of anyone else. These two different groups of people because of the cultures to which each one belongs cannot share this situation. The question of whether the doctor is a hero in the story or whether he has violated the woman and her culture is a problem that arrives, and that has two answers, depending on which culture defines the situation.

Both examples, the sheep raid and the birth of the Indian baby, show how two cultures can have two totally different views of a single situation. In the sheep raid as well as the Indian birth, heroism and violation become the two views held by the cultures involved. The father and Cohen become viewed as hero and as a violator depending on which culture is interpreting the event. As these two cultures attempt to understand what has taken place during the episode, which had occurred, they view the situation in the context of their own way of life. In both stories two cultures view the same situation, but because they view it through the context of their own culture, the event s significance cannot exist simultaneously with the same meaning between the two cultures.

Because of culture s different morals, ethics, and the way the people behave to belong to certain culture, the observation of events when viewed through these unique attributes of the culture become unique to the culture itself. Therefore, when the same event is viewed through the unique characteristics of another culture, the event s significance will embody a completely different meaning, which will be special to that culture and that culture alone. This is why it is impossible for a single event to exist to two different cultures at the same time because to each individual culture the event is not the same.

Geertz, Clifford. Thick Description. A Cultural Studies Reader. Eds. Munna & Rajan.

London: Longman, 1995. 236-256

Hemingway, Ernest. In Our Time. New York, New York: Scribners, 1925. 15-19.

Culture includes music, visual arts, literature, beliefs, different values, morals, laws, traditions and patterns of human behavior. Culture is the characteristics and knowledge in particular group of people. What is culture ?

Every nation has its own traditions and customs which can be unique and not the same with others. For example, Russian celebrate holidays as well as Easter, Maslenitsa and etc. During Maslenitsa people usually cook pancakes and go to their relatives. On Easter people paint eggs and eat cakes. Also Russian hospitality is characteristics of our culture. Traditions and customs

Arts, music, literature , cinema , theatre are important parts of culture. Art is cultural activity of people . It helps us to learn the world around. It includes sculpture, painting, photographing. Music is other kind of art. It gives us opportunities to listen and enjoy music . We do it every day. Literature is the totality written and printed works of particular people . Other important parts of culture

Thank you for your attention!

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 “Steps to understanding culture”

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Slide title “Steps to understanding culture” Literature and Music 1 Values an.

Slide title “Steps to understanding culture” Literature and Music 1 Values and Beliefs 2 Customs and Traditions 3 Museums and Picture Galleries 4 Theatre and Cinema 5 Patterns of Behaviour 6

Decide which of the following not parts of culture are “Culture” Music, liter.

Decide which of the following not parts of culture are “Culture” Music, literature and other arts Countries and continents the way we see the world and ourselves People’s ideas and beliefs Human mind and body Our way of behaviour Our values the language we speak Our customs, traditions and habits Rules and laws by which people live in community the environment in which we live the clothes we wear

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“What is culture?” Answer the questions on the text. What are the main meanings of the word “culture”? Why does the text say that culture helps civilizations to survive? In what way can culture reveal itself? What is an artifact? What things do people of one and the same culture usually share? Would you agree that culture is constantly changing? How can you prove it?

Reflection I liked… I worked …. at the lesson I answered …. I was …. During t.

Reflection I liked… I worked …. at the lesson I answered …. I was …. During the lesson I learned… Now I can… Now I know… I fulfilled … During the lesson I managed to… I can’t… It was easy for me… It was difficult for me… I remembered…

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No doubt, travelling around the world is a great opportunity for people to get acquainted with different cultures. Some people hold the idea that one cannot fully understand culture of other countries without an experience of being in them, while others consider that it is not necessary to travel to another country to know everything about its culture.

In my opinion, people cannot be fully aware of a culture of an another country if they did not visit it. Firstly, seeing everything with our own eyes allows us to get more reliable information about a country, instead of listening to the media, where we often hear incomplete or incorrect information about other countries. Secondly, the most important part of any country is the people living in it, without communication with local people, a person cannot fully understand the country’s culture.

However, some people believe that there is no need to visit another country to comprehend its culture.

According to them, nowadays, people have an access to various sources of information about different countries. A person can find all the information about cultures of different countries just by surfing the Internet.

Nevertheless, I disagree with the opposite opinion. It is better to visit a foreign country and imbued with its atmosphere than read about it. Travel experience will leave a person with many memories and knowledge about the culture of a country.

To sum up, I would like to say that I am completely sure that there is nothing better than explore other countries by yourself to learn about the mentality, values and history of them.

Без сомнения, путешествия по миру — отличная возможность для людей познакомиться с разными культурами. Некоторые люди придерживаются идеи, что невозможно полностью понять культуру других стран без опыта пребывания в них, в то время как другие считают, что нет необходимости ехать в другую страну, чтобы знать все о ее культуре.

На мой взгляд, люди не могут быть полностью осведомлены о культуре другой страны, если они не побывали в ней. Во-первых, видеть все своими глазами позволяет нам получить более достоверную информацию о стране, а не слушать СМИ, где мы часто слышим неполную или неверную информацию о других странах. Во-вторых, самая важная часть любой страны — это люди, живущие в ней, без общения с местным населением человек не может полностью понять культуру страны.

Однако некоторые люди считают, что нет необходимости ехать в другую страну, чтобы познакомиться с ее культурой. По их словам, сегодня люди имеют доступ к разным источникам информации о разных странах. Человек может найти всю информацию о культурах разных стран, просто путешествуя по Интернету.

Тем не менее я не согласен с противоположным мнением. Лучше побывать в чужой стране и проникнуться ее атмосферой, чем читать о ней. Опыт путешествий оставит у человека много воспоминаний и знаний о культуре страны.

Подводя итог, я хотел бы сказать, что я полностью уверен, что нет ничего лучше, чем самостоятельно исследовать другие страны, чтобы узнать о менталитете, ценностях и истории их.

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Mona Lisa
by Brenda M. Weber
Behind kaleidoscopic eyes
there’s no mystery there that lies.
She’s the one to see it all
from her position on a wall.
We look for something in her smile,
We stand to study her awhile,
Her face of beauty that we seek.
What would she say if she could speak?
Is her beauty, oh, so rare?
Was Mona just a maiden fair?
Is she a mirror image of me?
Is that what I’m supposed to see?
Mona’s portrait on the wall —
A combination of us all.
There’s a touch of someone there
in the beauty of her hair.
That hint of prism in her eyes
makes her appear to be so wise.
The playful curvature of her lip
On her cheeks can dance a quip.
She’s a beauty this Mona Lisa
but so is the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
What is the mystery there that lies
Behind kaleidoscopic eyes.
В калейдоскопе твоих глаз
Не может скрыться лживый сказ.
Твой взгляд всех видит нас сейчас,
Ты смотришь со стены на нас.
Стоим мы, глядя на портрет,
В улыбке ищем мы секрет.
Нас манит девы красота.
О, чтоб она сказать могла,
Когда б уста свои открыла?
О, так ли красота её редка?
И кем же, Мона Лиза, ты была?
Служанкою прелестной или синьориной?
А может, она — отраженье мое?
Ловлю черты я сходства на портрете.
Скажите, в чём же таинство её,
Или в ней образ всех людей на свете?
Есть что-то в нежной прелести её волос,
А блик загадки, спрятанный во взгляде,
О мудрости ее нам говорит.
Изгиб игривый губ, румянец на щеках
горит.
О, как прекрасна Мона Лиза!
Сравнится с ней лишь башня Пизы.
Но что ж за тайна спрятана от нас
В калейдоскопе её глаз?

Constant
Diverse
Estimate
Refer
Reflect
Reveal
Shape
Value
No matter
In spite of something

1) difference
(разница);
2) broadly
(широком);
3) learned
(усвоенных);
4) especially
(особенно);
5) intelligent
(умным);
6) hunting
(охотничьим);
7) knowledge
(знание).

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Understanding Culture

Understanding culture isn’t easy. If you travel a lot abroad, you are probably are familiar with the feeling of being in an unfamiliar culture. The street signs you can’t read, different foods and drinks than at home, weird customs and traditions are all around you. All of a sudden, you feel like a toddler who can’t read and write, and maybe not even understand what the people around you are saying. To make matters worse, even gestures and mimic can be confusing.

What is culture? Is it more than those stereotypical ideas that Germans drink a lot of beer and are very accurate, and that Americans have drive and yet are easy going, and the French take 3 hour lunches? Understanding cultures is a bit more complicated than those platitudes. According to Gary Wederspahn, culture is the shared set of assumptions, values, and beliefs of a group of people by which they organize their common life. In our world we can distinguish lot of cultures because of the number of countries for example, but also we can see some scales in these ‘country cultures’.

When you travel all over the world, you have to face these different cultures with their own meaning and perception of words or gestures. Understanding culture will help you to be more aware of these differences and so avoid big mistakes in your behavior, what we call ‘cultural adjustment’.

How does culture “express” itself?

Even if the contrary can be thought, we are not spontaneous in our behavior. Our traditions, our values, our education, and so on, influence us in everyday situations. That is why once you know people’s values and beliefs, you can often expect and predict their behavior. We can say that our behavior is a reflection of our culture.

Culture is often compared to an iceberg: the visible section of the iceberg is only a fraction of the invisible part under water. Each culture has some aspects which are observable and others that can only be suspected or imagined. Thus the part of culture which is visible, such as behavior, is only a small part of a bigger picture. If you really want to understand a certain culture better, you need to spend time immersed in it.

To give you a better idea of all the small parts that our culture is made up of, here are listed some examples of cultural expressions: facial expressions, religious beliefs, religious rituals, importance of time, paintings, values, literature, gestures, holiday customs, nature of friendship, notions of modesty, foods and eating habits, understanding of the natural world, concept of self, work ethic, concept of beauty, music, understanding of authority, concept of family, style of dress…

Where does Culture come from?

Understanding Culture - tallHow do people get their culture? How do they learn all the behaviors that are regarded as right and wrong in their society? This process, also known as cultural conditioning, is present in every culture, but the specific behaviors that people have, the precise content of their conditioning, is different from group to group.

Everyone knows that common culture come mainly from a common history which shapes our mind and so have influence on our behavior or way of thinking.

The most important part of your culture will be acquired during your childhood, but you will acquire new behaviors until the end of your life:

  • In Childhood: children learn basics activities as eating, walking, talking, dressing, bathing, etc. These basics are the origin of the future children’s behavior.
  • As Adults: people learn new behavior or new ways to perform thanks to education, travels, etc. Adults learn how to adapt themselves.

How to analyze culture? Or how to have the right behavior?

We can find five steps of culture analyzing:

  1. Observation/Instruction: you become aware of a particular behavior but have not yet tried to do it yourself.
  2. Imitation: now you try to have the same behavior
  3. Reinforcement: people help you by correcting you or showing you.
  4. Internalization: you know how to behave but you still need practice.
  5. Spontaneous Manifestation: you no more need to pay attention to your behavior, it comes naturally.

To go further in behavior/culture analysis, you can research about Hofstede’s parameters and Hall’s parameter.

Why is understanding culture so important?

When you go to another country, you will be confronted with different behaviors, different foods, and different ways of life. Most of people are see that as the main reason why they travel abroad in the first place. They want to open their minds and learn about other cultures, educate about a different way of doing something. 

Understanding culture is important, as it makes you aware and more sensitive to differences, and you could avoid big mistake in your behavior or maybe adjust, but at least to respect the people that belong to other cultures than your own.

Moreover understanding culture does not only exist in the aim of helping poor little students but it is also a real challenge for international businesses. You will not promote a product in the same way in France or in Germany or in Russia.

Understanding culture is the most important thing when dealing and respecting people. It does not mean, you have to go out of your way to mimic a culture that is different than your own, but you should respect the other culture and treat it a different, not inferior yours!

Слайд 1

Steps to understanding culture Presented by Student of 11 class Telitsyna Diana

Слайд 2

Culture includes music, visual arts, literature, beliefs, different values, morals, laws, traditions and patterns of human behavior. Culture is the characteristics and knowledge in particular group of people. What is culture ?

Слайд 3

Every nation has its own traditions and customs which can be unique and not the same with others. For example, Russian celebrate holidays as well as Easter, Maslenitsa and etc. During Maslenitsa people usually cook pancakes and go to their relatives. On Easter people paint eggs and eat cakes. Also Russian hospitality is characteristics of our culture. Traditions and customs

Слайд 4

Somebody think culture is art , literature, music. Anybody say that culture means people’s behavior and their customs and tradition. Everyone sees understanding of the term « culture » differently. But there are universal values such as passing their experience to next generation. Understanding « Culture » for people

Слайд 5

Arts, music, literature , cinema , theatre are important parts of culture. Art is cultural activity of people . It helps us to learn the world around. It includes sculpture, painting, photographing. Music is other kind of art. It gives us opportunities to listen and enjoy music . We do it every day. Literature is the totality written and printed works of particular people . Other important parts of culture

Слайд 6

Thank you for your attention!

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    Презентация по английскому языку на тему Шаги к пониманию культуры (11класс)

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    Culture is a very broad concept and

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    LouvreThe Museum building is an old Royal

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    Metropolitan museumThe main building of the Museum,

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    The British MuseumThe British Museum was established

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    The Imperial Palace MuseumThe Imperial Palace Museum

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    HermitageThe modern state Hermitage Museum is a

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    Thanks for attention

Culture is a very broad concept and it is unlikely to fully cover it, so in my presentation I decided to consider only the most famous galleries in the world

Слайд 1Steps to understanding culture
The presentation was prepared by a student of

class 11A Galina Ryzhova

Steps to understanding cultureThe presentation was prepared by a student of class 11A Galina Ryzhova


Слайд 2Culture is a very broad concept and it is unlikely to

fully cover it, so in my presentation I decided to consider only the most famous galleries in the world

Culture is a very broad concept and it is unlikely to fully cover it, so in my


Слайд 3Louvre
The Museum building is an old Royal Palace (Palais du Louvre).

The equestrian statue of Louis XIV marks the beginning point of the so-called historical axis of Paris.
The Louvre is one of the oldest museums with a rich history of collecting art and historical relics of France, from the time of the Capetian dynasty to the present day.

LouvreThe Museum building is an old Royal Palace (Palais du Louvre). The equestrian statue of Louis XIV


Слайд 4Metropolitan museum
The main building of the Museum, located on the Eastern

edge of Central Park, is one of the world’s largest art galleries, and a smaller building in the Upper Manhattan district exhibits medieval art. The permanent collection of the Museum contains works of art that were created in the period from antiquity to the present day. There you can see paintings and sculptures of almost all European masters, such as Botticelli, Rembrandt, Degas, Rodin and others, as well as get acquainted with the extensive collection of modern art.

Metropolitan museumThe main building of the Museum, located on the Eastern edge of Central Park, is one


Слайд 5The British Museum
The British Museum was established in 1753 and was

formed primarily from the collections of its founder, the physician and scientist Hans Sloane. The Museum was opened to the public on 15 January 1759 at Montagu house, an aristocratic mansion located in the London borough of Bloomsbury, where it is today.
The largest Museum in the UK exhibits archaeological and ethnographic collections, which number more than eight million objects.

The British MuseumThe British Museum was established in 1753 and was formed primarily from the collections of


Слайд 6The Imperial Palace Museum
The Imperial Palace Museum is located in the

capital of Taiwan, Taipei, and is visited by about 4.4 million people annually. The main attractions of the Museum are paintings and calligraphy, as well as rare books, the number of which in the Museum reaches 200 thousand volumes

The Imperial Palace MuseumThe Imperial Palace Museum is located in the capital of Taiwan, Taipei, and is


Слайд 7Hermitage
The modern state Hermitage Museum is a complex Museum complex. The

main exposition part of the Museum occupies five buildings located along the Neva river embankment, the main of which is considered to be the Winter Palace, the Museum also owns the Eastern wing of the General staff on Palace square, Menshikov Palace on the other side of the Neva river, the storage facility in the Old village And other buildings. The Museum’s collection includes about three million works of art and monuments of world culture, from the stone age to the present century.

HermitageThe modern state Hermitage Museum is a complex Museum complex. The main exposition part of the Museum


Шаги к пониманию культуры

Project work: «Steps to Understanding Culture»

Done by Zhornik Vlada

Culture plays an important role in a person and society, which consists, first of all, in life, in the fact that culture combines the mechanism of accumulation, storage and transmission of human experience. It is culture that makes a person a person.
Culture plays an important role in a person and society, which consists, first of all, in life, in the fact that culture combines the mechanism of accumulation, storage and transmission of human experience. It is culture that makes a person a person.

Culture is a concept that has a huge number of meanings in various areas of human life. Culture is the subject of study of philosophy, cultural studies, history, sociology, art history, linguistics (ethnolinguistics), political science, ethnology, psychology, economics, and pedagogy.
Culture is a concept that has a huge number of meanings in various areas of human life. Culture is the subject of study of philosophy, cultural studies, history, sociology, art history, linguistics (ethnolinguistics), political science, ethnology, psychology, economics, and pedagogy.

Basically, culture is understood as human activity in its most diverse manifestations, including all forms and methods of human self-expression and self-knowledge, the accumulation of skills and abilities by a person and society as a whole. Culture also appears as a manifestation of human subjectivity and objectivity (character, competencies, skills, abilities and knowledge).
Basically, culture is understood as human activity in its most diverse manifestations, including all forms and methods of human self-expression and self-knowledge, the accumulation of skills and abilities by a person and society as a whole. Culture also appears as a manifestation of human subjectivity and objectivity (character, competencies, skills, abilities and knowledge).
Culture is a set of stable forms of human activity, without which it cannot be reproduced, and therefore cannot exist.

Cultural values
Cultural values ​​are tangible and intangible objects and works of culture that have artistic and property value, universal significance, and also have an aesthetic, scientific, and historical impact on a person.

For the first time the definition of «cultural property» was formulated in the «Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict» in 1954. Thanks to this Convention, this concept was introduced into international terminology. Currently, each state has its own national definition of this concept, while in the same country in different branches of law different definitions can be applied.
For the first time the definition of «cultural property» was formulated in the «Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict» in 1954. Thanks to this Convention, this concept was introduced into international terminology. Currently, each state has its own national definition of this concept, while in the same country in different branches of law different definitions can be applied.

The Cultural and Art Market is one of the oldest investment markets in the world. There is also illegal circulation of cultural property. The fight against illicit trafficking in cultural property can be carried out with the help of public state registers of cultural property, as well as the creation and dissemination of codes of professional ethics for dealers in cultural property.
The Cultural and Art Market is one of the oldest investment markets in the world. There is also illegal circulation of cultural property. The fight against illicit trafficking in cultural property can be carried out with the help of public state registers of cultural property, as well as the creation and dissemination of codes of professional ethics for dealers in cultural property.

Culture unites people, integrates them, ensures the integrity of the community. But by rallying some on the basis of some subculture, it opposes them to others, separating wider communities. Within these broader communities, cultural conflicts can arise. Thus, culture can and often performs a disintegrating function.
Culture unites people, integrates them, ensures the integrity of the community. But by rallying some on the basis of some subculture, it opposes them to others, separating wider communities. Within these broader communities, cultural conflicts can arise. Thus, culture can and often performs a disintegrating function.

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