The best way of learning key factor in learning егэ ответы

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A Dana has been very successful recently.

B Ken is going to tell Dana some important information.

C Dana is looking for the job at the moment.

D Dana’s promotion came through quite unexpectedly.

E Dana didn’t get a raise in her salary.

F Ken is getting married in two weeks.

G Dana is surprised to hear that her friend is getting married.

Вы услышите рассказ популярной американской певицы о её карьере. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

The narrator says she started to write songs
1) when she was ten.
2) because she could not talk.
3) because it was the best way to express her feelings.
Ответ: .

4

According to the narrator,
1) she could afford to have a recording studio.
2) her family was not well off.
3) she bought Christmas presents for her friends.
Ответ: .

5

The narrator returned to Texas because
1) her apartment burnt down.
2) she had got several college music scholarships.
3) a friend told her about the American Idol audition in Dallas.
Ответ: .

6

Looking back on the show, the narrator says that
1) few people really believed she could win.
2) the members of the crew were not at all supportive.
3) everyone was supporting her.
Ответ: .

7

The narrator thinks that
1) she ought to become thinner.
2) she could serve as a role model for young girls.
3) girls should not live up to their idols.
Ответ: .

8

The narrator dreams of
1) touring the world.
2) having a permanent relationship.
3) staying single.
Ответ: .

9

The narrator considers herself
1) to be a celebrity.
2) practical and sensible.
3) honest and sincere.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. Young children have a genetic ability to learn language. They come into the world as eager learning machines, and language acquisition is a major aspect of this learning. How children actually learn language is not entirely clear, however. Most linguists believe that they do it primarily by listening to and trying to communicate with adult speakers. Initially, this means that they copy the way adults use words and grammar.

B. Learning a second or third language is easier in early childhood than later. It is particularly important to learn correct pronunciation as young as possible. At any age, learning by constant contact with native speakers in their own society is the quickest and the most effective method. It is superior to taking foreign language classes because it forces you to concentrate on it all of the time.

C. Learning a second language can be affected by the patterns of the first language. There can be some blending of phonemes. For instance, most Americans who learn French in high school or college pronounce French words with a distinctive American accent. Grammar can also be affected. English speakers who learn both French and Spanish sometimes combine grammatical rules of both when speaking either of them.

D. Until just a few years ago, language study was limited to the classroom or personal tutor, or home study by book. In the last few decades technology has given us a much needed audio option — first vinyl records, then cassettes and CDs. Now technology has given us a new format — the Internet. Options to learn a language by Internet are still limited but the potential is not.

E. What is important when learning a language? If you have the desire and persistence, time is the only factor that you may have to work with. How much time you can devote to learning will play a role in how quickly you can learn the language. Just remember how exciting it will be and how rewarding you will feel at the accomplishment.

F. Rather than have businessmen, diplomats, scientists and tourists from every country learning all the major languages that they want to learn or need to learn, Esperantists would have everyone just learn one second language — Esperanto. Then everyone could communicate with everyone, everywhere. The major ‘national’ languages could keep their special characteristics for anyone who wanted to learn them. This is the essence of the ‘Esperanto Movement’.

G. More than half of the world’s 7,000 languages are expected to die out by the end of the century, often taking with them irreplaceable knowledge about the natural world. When a species dies out, sometimes fossils can be found, remains uncovered. But when a human language disappears, there’s rarely any key left behind. Each loss becomes a linguistic black hole, where an entire way of knowing the world disappears.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

A constitution may be defined as the system of fundamental principles according to A ____________. A good example of a written constitution is the Constitution of the United States, formed in 1787.

The Constitution sets up a federal system with a strong central government. Each state preserves its own independence by reserving to itself certain well-defined powers such as education, taxes and finance, internal communications, etc. The powers B ____________ are those dealing with national defence, foreign policy, the control of international trade, etc.

Under the Constitution power is also divided among the three branches of the national government. The First Article provides for the establishment of the legislative body, Congress, and defines its powers. The second does the same for the executive branch, the President, and the Third Article provides for a system of federal courts.

The Constitution itself is rather short, it contains only 7 articles. And it was obvious in 1787 C ____________. So the 5th article lays down the procedure for amendment. A proposal to make a change must be first approved by two-thirds majorities in both Houses of Congress and then ratified by three quarters of the states.

The Constitution was finally ratified and came into force on March 4, 1789. When the Constitution was adopted, Americans were dissatisfied D ____________. It also recognized slavery and did not establish universal suffrage.

Only several years later, Congress was forced to adopt the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, E ____________. They guarantee to Americans such important rights and freedoms as freedom of press, freedom of religion, the right to go to court, have a lawyer, and some others.

Over the past 200 years 26 amendments have been adopted F ____________. It provides the basis for political stability, individual freedom, economic growth and social progress.

1. which are given to a Federal government
2. because it did not guarantee basic freedoms and individual rights
3. but the Constitution itself has not been changed
4. so it has to be changed
5. which a nation or a state is constituted and governed
6. which were called the Bill of Rights
7. that there would be a need for altering it

That summer an army of crickets started a war with my father. They picked a fight the minute they invaded our cellar. Dad didn’t care for bugs much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few spiders and assorted creepy crawlers living in the basement. Every farm house had them. A part of rustic living, and something you needed to put up with if you wanted the simple life.

He told Mamma: ‘Now that we’re living out here, you can’t be jerking your head and swallowing your gum over what’s plain natural, Ellen.’ But she was a city girl through and through and had no ears when it came to defending vermin. She said a cricket was just a noisy cockroach, just a dumb horny bug that wouldn’t shut up. No way could she sleep with all that chirping going on! Then to prove her point she wouldn’t go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father’s cigarettes and she paced between the couch and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the hardware store and hurried back. He squirted poison from a jug with a spray nozzle. He sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house. When he had finished, he told us that was the end of it.

But what he should have said was: ‘This is the beginning’. For the next fourteen days Mamma kept finding dead crickets in the clean laundry. She’d shake out a towel or a sheet and a dead black cricket would roll across the linoleum. Sometimes the cat would corner one, and swat it around like he was playing hockey, then carry it away in his mouth. Dad said swallowing a few dead crickets wouldn’t hurt as long as the cat didn’t eat too many.

Soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma freaked because she thought they were the dead crickets come back to haunt, but Dad said they were definitely a new batch, probably coming up on the pipes. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed beneath the sink and behind the toilet and all along the baseboard until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the cellar again, and then he went outside and sprayed all around the foundation leaving a foot-wide moat of poison.

For a couple of weeks we went back to finding dead crickets in the laundry. Dad told us to keep a sharp look out. He suggested that we’d all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn’t like because he scratched and bit for no reason. I hoped the poison might kill him so we could get a puppy. Once in a while we found a dead cricket in the bathroom or beneath the kitchen sink. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the cellar of junk. He borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup and hauled a load to the dump. Then he burned a lot of bundled newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests.

He stood over that fire with a rake in one hand and a garden hose in the other. He wouldn’t leave it even when Mamma sent me out to fetch him for supper. He wouldn’t leave the fire, and she wouldn’t put supper on the table. Both my brothers were crying. Finally she went out and got him herself. And while we ate, the wind lifted some embers onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn’t much anyone could do.

After the fire trucks left, I made the mistake of volunteering to stay behind while Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail’s. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt and two men I’d never seen before carry things out of the house and stack them by the road. In the morning we’d come back in Burt’s truck and haul everything away. We worked into the night and we didn’t talk much, hardly a word about anything that mattered, and Dad didn’t offer any plan that he might have for us now. Uncle Burt passed a bottle around, but I shook my head when it came to me. I kicked and picked through the mess, dumb struck at how little there was to salvage, while all around the roar of crickets magnified our silence.

(Adapted from ‘The Cricket War’ by Bob Thurber)

12

A cricket is

Ответ: .

13

Mamma threatened to pack up and leave because
1) she had smoked all cigarettes.
2) she had not got used to rustic living.
3) she could not put up with crickets.
4) she was a city girl through and through.
Ответ: .

14

After Dad had sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house,
1) the family were constantly coming across dead crickets.
2) the family kept seeing live crickets everywhere.
3) the dead crickets came back to haunt.
4) all crickets disappeared.
Ответ: .

15

The narrator fed the cat with crickets because
1) the cat was hungry.
2) he would like to have another pet.
3) he wanted to hide crickets from Mamma.
4) Dad told him to do it.
Ответ: .

16

Dad borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup
1) to fight with crickets.
2) to bring new furniture to the cellar.
3) to throw away newspapers and magazines.
4) to get rid of rubbish.
Ответ: .

17

The house caught fire because
1) Dad left a garden hose near the fire.
2) the wind lifted some papers onto the wood pile.
3) the fuel tank had gone off.
4) there wasn’t much anyone could do.
Ответ: .

18

The narrator was surprised
1) that Dad didn’t offer any plan.
2) when the bottle came to him.
3) that crickets were all around.
4) that there was not much to save from the fire.
Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

September Mood in England

Junk Food

The Changing World of Computers

Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their 32____ on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even 33____ they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to 34____ the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, 35____ of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the 36____ of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no 37____ where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even 38____ down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

32

Ответ: .

33

Ответ: .

34

Ответ: .

35

Ответ: .

36

Ответ: .

37

Ответ: .

38

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

Play высказывания

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1. Watch a lot of foreign films.
2. Use the internet learning resources.
3. Keep listening to the language.
4. Take a language course.
5. Use the language as much as you can.
6. Enlarge your vocabulary.
7. Immerse yourself in the language environment.

A – 1
B – 7
С – 4
D – 6
E – 3
F – 5

Speaker A
Foreign languages are very popular nowadays, and it’s not surprising that people want to master them. Today there are lots of ways that make it possible to learn a foreign language and every person chooses what suits them best. There is no shortcut for faster learning, though; it takes the time it takes. The way I learnt Romanian was watching TV in English with Romanian subtitles. Subtitles helped me pick up Romanian words from sentences. It took about a hundred hours or so, but I can now read Romanian and understand the spoken language without having to put any work in it.

Speaker В
In my opinion, the only way you’ll ever truly learn a language is going to the country that speaks that language. I had studied German for four years, but after I spent two months in France, I spoke French much better than German despite all the time and effort I had spent learning it. Travel alone and refuse to be helped in your language. Stay for at least three months at the same place. At first you will feel frustrated but this is normal and you’ll soon get used to the language. I personally speak five languages, and I have never been to a language class.

Speaker С
In my opinion, the fastest and the best way to learn a language is to live in the country where it is spoken. However, not everyone can afford studying abroad. If you can’t do that, I believe that taking classes is an effective way as well. I don’t think it’s a good idea to try and learn a foreign language by yourself, I mean, sure, you can do that as a well as taking classes, but I do think it’s very hard to do it without any help. It is much easier if you have a teacher or a tutor, whom you can ask questions and ask for advice.

Speaker D
My preferred method is using a good textbook with both grammar lessons and vocabulary. Read the lessons and learn new words. Then practise using them with the exercises provided in the textbook. This is an accelerated way of learning, and it’s entirely possible. When starting a new language, memorizing a hundred words per day will come quite naturally. I recommend never falling below 50 words per day and keep them in your working memory. And make sure that the words you learn are the ones that people use commonly, learning odd and rare words is not effective if you are trying to learn quickly.

Speaker E
You can’t learn a language from books, you should hear it sound. While studying French at the University, I religiously listened to the cassette tapes that accompanied our textbook, and it really helped me to better learn the language. Listening doesn’t take up your time. Load the language into your ipod, walkman or whatever is convenient, and just listen to it at home while cooking dinner or in the car on the way to uni. You can also listen to foreign pop music. You know, French sounds are rather difficult and singing French songs really helped me to improve my pronunciation.

Speaker F
Memorising words is not an effective way to learn languages. You can’t learn a language without speaking it. The only thing you should do is to find some kind of actual verbal interaction, so as to see how the language really works in everyday conversation. I used to know a couple of students who helped each other learn languages. One knew Spanish and wanted to learn English, the other knew English, and wanted to improve his Spanish. They divided the week in half. For half a week they only spoke Spanish and the rest of the time they spoke English. They both improved rapidly.

Методические рекомендации по выполнению

дополнительных практических работ по дисциплине «Иностранный

язык» для студентов 2-3 курсов очной формы обучения по теме

«Изучение иностранных языков. Образование »

Разработчик преподаватель английского зыка Климова И.В.

2019

Москва

Пояснительная записка.

Методические рекомендации по выполнению дополнительных практических работ по

дисциплине «Иностранный язык» предназначены для студентов 2-3 курсов очной формы

обучения и преподавателей средних профессиональных учебных заведений, соответствуют

действующей программе, и содержит систему заданий для аудиторных и внеаудиторных

практических работ.

Методические рекомендации представляют собой систему упражнений по развитию и

совершенствованию навыков аудирования, чтения про себя и лексико-грамматических навыков и

устной монологической речи.

Данные рекомендации включают в себя разнообразные тексты по теме «Изучение иностранных

языков. Образование » и упражнения после этих текстов.

Рекомендации состоят из трех разделов- задания по аудированию, задания по чтению и устной

речи, лексико-грамматические задания.

Методические рекомендации включают следующие задания по аудированию : выберите

правильный вариант ответа, расскажите текст, используя план, прочитайте вопросы и найдите

соответствующий ответ.

Методические рекомендации включают следующие задания по чтению : прочитайте текст про

себя, установите соответствие между заголовками и текстами, переведите тексты на русский

язык, перескажите тексты своими словами, прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски частями

предложений, составьте план текста и перескажите его, выпишите ключевые слова и перескажите

текст, найдите в тексте причастие 1и 2 и определите его функции, объясните явление на

английском языке, составьте краткий пересказ текста из 10 предложений, выпишите из текста все

числительные, напишите эти числительные словами, напишите что обозначают эти

числительные.

Методические рекомендации включают следующие лексико-грамматические задания:

прочитайте текст, преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после

пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста,

переведите текст на русский язык, задайте вопросы по тексту, перескажите текст, используя

следующие ключевые слова, используя лексику текста, расскажите о своем личном опыте,

выпишите из текста все недостатки и преимущества (использования компьютера и Интернета.),

задайте 10 вопросов к тексту, расскажите текст по плану, прочитайте текст, преобразуйте, если

необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они

грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста, выпишите из текста

придаточные определительные предложения, прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными

буквами. Выберите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа, задайте вопросы к тексту,

прочитайте и переведите текст, придумайте задания к тексту.

Предлагаемые задания отличаются разнообразием и степенью трудности, что позволяет

использовать упражнения на разных этапах обучения и соответственно разным уровням знаний

студентов.

Лексико-грамматический состав упражнений отвечает требованиям федеральных программ по

английскому языку для групп СПО.

I. Задания на аудирование.

Задание 1.

A.Young children have a genetic ability to learn language. They come into the world as eager learning

machines, and language acquisition is a major aspect of this learning. How children actually learn

language is not entirely clear, however. Most linguists believe that they do it primarily by listening to

and trying to communicate with adult speakers. Initially, this means that they copy the way adults use

words and grammar.

B.Learning a second or third language is easier in early childhood than later. It is particularly important

to learn correct pronunciation as young as possible. At any age, learning by constant contact with

native speakers in their own society is the quickest and the most effective method. It is superior to

taking foreign language classes because it forces you to concentrate on it all of the time.

C.Learning a second language can be affected by the patterns of the first language. There can be some

blending of phonemes. For instance, most Americans who learn French in high school or college

pronounce French words with a distinctive American accent. Grammar can also be affected. English

speakers who learn both French and Spanish sometimes combine grammatical rules of both when

speaking either of them.

D .Until just a few years ago, language study was limited to the classroom or personal tutor, or home

study by book. In the last few decades technology has given us a much needed audio option — first

vinyl records, then cassettes and CDs. Now technology has given us a new format — the Internet.

Options to learn a language by Internet are still limited but the potential is not.

E.What is important when learning a language? If you have the desire and persistence, time is the only

factor that you may have to work with. How much time you can devote to learning will play a role in

how quickly you can learn the language. Just re member how exciting it will be and how rewarding

you will feel at the accomplishment.

F.Rather than have businessmen, diplomats, scientists and tourists from every country learning all the

major languages that they want to learn or need to learn, Esperantists would have everyone just learn

one second language — Esperanto. Then everyone could communicate with everyone, everywhere.

The major ‘national’ languages could keep their special characteristics for anyone who wanted to learn

them. This is the essence of the ‘Esperanto Movement’.

G.More than half of the world’s 7,000 languages are expected to die out by the end of the century,

often taking with them irreplaceable knowledge about the natural world. When a species dies out,

sometimes fossils can be found, remains uncovered. But when a human language disappears, there’s

rarely any key left behind. Each loss becomes a linguistic black hole, where an entire way of knowing

the world disappears.

1. Снятие трудностей

Foreign languages //to master //suit //sentence//frustrated// afford // preferred method// accelerated way

//odd and rare words // convenient// improve // rapidly.

2.Задание после первого прослушивания.

Вы услышите 7 текстов. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8.

Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.

Watch a lot of foreign films

2.

Use the Internet learning resource.

3.

Keep listening to the language.

4.

Take a language course.

5.

Use the language as much as you can.

6.

Enlarge your vocabulary.

7.

Immerse yourself in the language environment.

Ответы 174635

3 Задание после второго прослушивания. Ответьте на вопросы.



How do children actually learn a language?



What is the quickest and the most effective method of learning a language?



How can learning a second language be affected?



What are the difficulties of learning languages?



How does technology help us to learn a language?



What is the essence of the ‘Esperanto Movement’?



What happens when a human language disappears?

Задание 2.

A. Foreign languages are very popular nowadays, and it is not surprising that people want to master

them. Today there are lots of ways that makes it possible to learn a foreign language. And every person

chooses what suits them best. There is no shortcut for faster learning, though it takes the time, it takes.

The way I learnt Romanian was watching TV in English with Romanian subtitles. Subtitles help me

pick up Romanian words from sentenses.It took about a hundred hours or so, but I can now read

Romanian and understand the spoken language without having put any work in it.

B.In my opinion the only way you will ever truly learn a language is going to the country that speaks

that language. Stay for at least three months at the same place at first you will feel frustrated but this is

normal and you will soon get used to the language and I have never been to a language class.

C. In my opinion the fastest and the quickest way to learn a language is to live in the country where it

is spoken. However, not everyone can afford studying abroad if you can’t do that I believe that taking

classes is an effective way as well. I don’t think it is a good idea to try and learn a foreign language by

yourself, I mean, sure, you can do that as well as taking classes, but I do think it is very hard to do it

without any help. It is much easier if you have a teacher or a tutor, whom you can ask questions and

ask for advice.

D.My preferred method is using a good textbook with both grammar lessons and vocabulary. Read the

lessons and learn new words. Then practice using them with the exercise provided in the textbook.

This is an accelerated way of learning and it is entirely possible. When starting a new language,

memorizing a hundred words per day will come quite naturally. I recommend never falling below 50

words per day and keep them in your working memory. And make sure that the words you learn are the

ones that people use commonly, learning odd and rare words is not effective if you are trying to learn

quickly.

E.You can’t learn a language from books, you should hear it sound. While studying French at the

University, I religiously listened to the cassette tapes that accompanied our textbooks and it really

helped me to better learn a languge.Listening doesn’t take up your time. Load the language into your

ipod, walkman or whatever is convenient and just listen to it at home while cooking dinner or in the

car on the way to uni. You can also listen to foreign pop music. You know, French sounds are rather

difficult and singing French songs really helped me improve my pronunciation.

F.Memorizing words is not an effective way to learn languages. You can’t learn language without

speaking it. The only thing you should do is to find some kind of actual verbal interaction so as to see

how the language really works in everyday conversation. I used to know a couple of students who

helped each other learn languages. One knew Spanish and wanted to learn English, the other knew

English and wanted to improve Spanish. They divided the week in half. For half a week they only

speak Spanish, and the rest of the time they speak English. They both improved rapidly.

1. Снятие трудностей

eager //language acquisition//adult //correct pronunciation//force//affect// blending distinctive

rules//personal tutor //desire //persistence //devote to //exciting//rewarding//accomplishment.

Expect// to die out //irreplaceable knowledge //species//fossils //remains //uncovered//black hole

entire

2.Задание после первого прослушивания.

Вы услышите 7 текстов. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8.

Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.

The best way of learning

2.

Key factor of learning

3.

Linguistic interference

4.

Universal Language

5.

Online learning

6.

Language extinction

7.

Learning by imitation

8.

Sign language

Ответы 7135246

3 Задание после второго прослушивания. Ответьте на вопросы.



How did the author of the text learn Romanian?



What in his opinion is the only way to learn a language?



Why is not acceptable for many people?



Is it a good idea to try and learn a foreign language by yourself?



What is a much easier way? Why?



What is an accelerated way of learning?



What besides books can help you to learn a language?



What is the final advice of the author of the article?

II. Задания для развития и совершенствования навыков чтения про себя и

устной речи.

Задание 1.

1)

Прочитайте текст про себя. Установите соответствие между заголовками А—Н и текстами

1—7. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

2)

Переведите тексты на русский язык

3)

Перескажите тексты своими словами

1.

Recognize your limitations

2.

Take a Rest

3.

Clear Out Distractions

4.

Have Help Handy

5.

Plan Your Work

6.

Stay Calm Under Pressure

7.

Work With Interest

8.

Stay Focused

A. The overriding idea is to go for simplicity. A quiet basement, a library table or the ground next to a

big tree outside allow you to focus on what you’re doing. Examples of poor locations would include the

kitchen table, common areas where you’re likely to en- counter friends, or even your own room, as it’s

usually stocked with a computer, television, and video games that seem a lot more appealing than what

you’re doing. You have to remove yourself far enough from any potential disturbance. This is the key to

any successful session of work.

B. Making your work relates to your leisure activities or hobbies eliminates much of the tedium

associated with it. Whenever possible, make your schoolwork centre around something you love, and

run with it. Essay assignment? Write about your favourite hobby. History report? Write about your

favourite historical battle. Just pick anything to make your reports and assignments less mundane. As

long as you meet all the requirements of the assignment, the rest is yours to choose.

C. It’s okay to reward a long session of hard work with a quick break here or there. Eat something,

watch a TV show, play a bit of your favourite video game, pick up a musical instrument and practise a

little bit. Trying to work too long at too hard a pace with- out a break is only going to spoil your work in

the end, as you’ll start to tire, grow apathetic, and make mistakes. Taking semi-frequent breaks

proportional to the amount of time you spent working keeps your mind fresh and your spirits up.

D. Ultimately, you are going to have to make executive decisions about the importance of various

assignments relative to how much time and effort you’re expending on them. Don’t get bogged down

worrying about finishing a small assignment that is worth a negligible fraction of your grade if it means

that finishing it will cost you important points on a far more important project or paper for another class.

Always rank assignments based on their due date and importance. In the grand scheme of things, it’s

always best to do what will get you the best overall average of grade points.

E. If you have multiple assignments to do, don’t try and work on more than one at a time. Pick the most

immediately due assignment and stick with it like glue until it’s done. Then move on to the next most

pressing assignment. This way, you resist the temptation to bypass hard, looming assignments to jump to

easier but less pressing assignments for your sense of accomplishment. Concentrating your efforts on

one task is the key to any successful session of work.

F. Often, you’ll be tempted to pull all-nighters simply to get things done and out of your head. This is

extremely counterproductive. If you feel very tired, you can just drop off at any moment. If you sense

you’re giving less and less effort to your work, then stop. It’s always better to pick it up the next day

when you’re focused than to run a marathon all night and wind up with substandard work that you aren’t

proud of.

G. It’s not always easy to stay on the ball in college, but if you know how to stay calm, and make your

assignments work for you, you can simplify things tremendously. If you have no idea how to even start

an assignment, always feel free to contact your professor, campus tutoring office, or even your parents

for advice. Don’t let your fears get in the way of your doing well. If asking a professor for assistance is

the difference between a C and an A on an assignment, you should not care about your pride, you should

care about your college marks.

Ответы 3725814

Задание 2.

The most difficult language.

People often ask which language is the most difficult to learn, and it is not easy to answer because

there are many factors to take into consideration. A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find

Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to

Spanish, while Chinese is very different. The greater the differences between the second language and

our first one, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the

hardest language to learn possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system.

The pronunciation of Chinese appears to be very difficult for many foreign learners, too. However, for

Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning this language

will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the

circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s

motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they

often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life.

British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese,

which will probably come as no surprise to many. But the language that they have found to be the most

problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 grammatical cases.

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In

the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a

similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may

find it easier.

Ответьте

на

вопросы.

1) What is the text about?

2) The author explains why people find Chinese a very difficult language to learn. Find this extract and

read it aloud.

3) What factors play an important role in learning a language?

4) Why do British diplomats find it difficult to learn Hungarian?

Ответы

1. This text is about learning of foreign languages. It is not easy to answer the question what language

is the most difficult to learn because there are many factors to take into consideration. It is also about

the most difficult languages to learn.

2. 3-ий абзац.

3. The greater the differences between the 2nd language and our 1st one, the harder it will be for most

people to learn. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned play an important

role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning.

4. Because it has 35 grammatical cases.

Задание 3.

1.Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений, обозначенными

цифрами A-G.. Одна из частей в списке A-G лишняя.

2. Переведите текст.

3. Составьте план текста и перескажите его.

On the whole, Cambridge is much quieter than Oxford, although what really sets it apart from its

scholarly rival is ‘the Backs’, providing exquisite views over the backs of the old colleges. At the front, the

handsome facades of these same colleges dominate the layout of the town centre, lining up along the main

streets. Most of the colleges date back to the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. Many of the

buildings are extraordinarily beautiful, but the most famous is King’s College, _____________1. There

are thirty-one university colleges in total. Each one is an independent, self-governing body, proud of its

achievements and attracting a close loyalty from its students, _______________2. During the nineteenth

century, the university finally lost its ancient privileges over the town, ____________3. The university

expanded too, with the number of students increasing dramatically. More recently, change has been much

slower, _____________4. The first two women’s colleges were founded in the 1870s, but it was only in

1947 that women were actually awarded degrees. In the meantime, the city and university had been

acquiring a reputation as a high-tech centre of excellence. Cambridge has always been in the vanguard of

scientific research,_________5. Cambridge is an extremely compact place, and you can walk round the

centre, visiting the most interesting colleges, in an afternoon. A more thorough exploration covering more

of the colleges and a leisurely afternoon on a punt will, however, take at least a couple of days. If possible

you should avoid coming in high summer, ____________6. Faced with such crowds, the more popular

colleges have restricted their opening times and have introduced admission charges.

A. whose alumni have garnered no less than ninety Nobel prizes

B. amongst whom privately educated boys remain over-represented

C. because of the development of industry

D. whose magnificent chapel is one of the greatest statements of late Gothic architecture

E. which was expanding rapidly thanks to the arrival of the railway

F. particularly when it comes to equality of sexes

G. when the students are replaced by crowds of sightseers

Ответы 425617

Задание 4.

1.Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений, обозначенными

цифрами A-G.. Одна из частей в списке A-G лишняя.

2. Переведите текст.

3. Составьте план текста и перескажите его.

Moscow University is one of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education. It was named after

Academician Mikhail Lomonosov, A ________ .

Mikhail Lomonosov was a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind, B ________ .

Lomonosov’s interests ranged from history, art and poetry to mechanics and chemistry. His activity was

a manifestation of the enormous potential of Russia, C ________ .

Peter I the Great had reformed Russia, D ________ . Great importance was placed on education. In

1724, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences established a university and a grammar school to educate

intellectuals and researchers the country needed.

However, these educational establishments did not fulfil the task they had taken on. It was Michail

Lomonosov who suggested the idea of establishing a university in Moscow. According to Lomonosov’s

plan, there were originally three faculties. First all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in

the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy. Then they could specialize and continue

at the Faculty of Philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or the Faculty of Medicine. The best students

were sent to continue their education abroad, establishing contacts with the international scientific

community.

From the very beginning elitism was alien to the very spirit of the University community, E ________ .

The Decree stated that the university was to educate commoners. Originally tuition at Moscow

University was free for all students; later only poor students were exempt from tuition fees. The state

funding did not cover all the University expenses and it was partly funded by its patrons, F ________ .

University alumni supported their alma mater through hard times raising money by public subscriptions.

Moscow University played an outstanding role in popularizing science and learning in Russia.

Professors of Moscow University greatly contributed to establishing new cultural centres in Moscow

and Russia.

1.

That was highly respected by foreign scientists

2.

Which determined long-standing democratic tradition

3.

Which allowed the country to reach high standards in many spheres

4.

Whose scientists occupied the leading positions in the world

5.

Whose lifelong passion was learning

6.

Who donated equipment and established scholarships for University students

7.

Who greatly contributed to its establishments

Ответы 754326

III.Лексико-грамматические задания.

Задание 1.

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Задайте 5 вопросов по тексту.

Learning a Language

I’m going to start off by saying that the 1________ EASY way to learn a new language is by taking

formal classes.

Last year I 2___________ TAKE a 40-minute English class once a week and it was definitely worth the

money.

If you 3_________ NOT HAVE the time or money to attend classes, you can of course teach yourself

any language you want.

If you have absolutely no prior knowledge of the language you 4________ TRY to learn, start by buying

the same textbooks that schools use.

What makes using textbooks such a great tool for learning is that they 5_________WRITE in a context

that makes it easy to understand.

Besides, you can use the Internet, which is the greatest resource of knowledge that mankind

ever 6___________ HAVE.

But remember! You 7________NOT GET any better without speaking and listening to the language. No

matter what path you take in learning a new language, this is by far the most important step.

Задание 2.

Distance Learning

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Задайте 5 вопросов по тексту.

Many people have done research on how to improve the course work of distance learning and also the 1

________EVALUATE of how the material is being taught.

2.One big concern is that people are cheating with distance learning classes. Many professors are now

developing ways to keep distance learning courses from being 2__________ MEANING.

One way to improve them is to 3 _________ CONTINUAL change the way they are taught.

Teachers are beginning to require 4________ DIFFER class work for the same course that they teach.

They also ask students to become more 5 _________ ACTIVE with their homework and the projects

they have to complete.

Moreover, students are given tests from a test bank. The test is made up when they log into the test

website. These 6 ________ REQUIRE are the same for students taking distant classes at school or at

special courses.

Задание 3.

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Перескажите текст, используя следующие ключевые слова.

global language//dominates//a global power //essential //successful communication //to occur online

resources//frequently//sharing of ideas//inevitably //to make an impact//global//language// dominate//a

global power essential //successful communication//to occur//online resources //frequently//sharing of

ideas inevitably //to make an impact

Nowadays English is quickly becoming the global language, and it dominates the world in many ways.

One of the reasons is the fact that Great Britain was a global power during the 1_____COLONY days,

and today America is, perhaps, the most powerful nation in the world.

Due to this 2____DOMINATE , learning English is essential for successful communication in our global

society.

This is 3_____CLEAR seen in the business world. Today, a meeting between business leaders from

different nations is more likely to occur in English.

The Internet also plays a role in making English the dominant language. By far, the vast 4____MAJOR

of online resources are written in English.

In addition, most forums are frequently visited by people who can speak English, which means that free

sharing of ideas online is more 5____ACCESS to those who know English.

Today, English is inevitably turning into a global language. So it’s 7____SURPRISE that in order to

make an impact on today’s economy, one must be able to use English well.

Задание 4.

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Используя лексику текста, расскажите о преподавании музыки в вашей школе.

Music in schools

Primary schools in London are trying out an ambitious plan through which young children get an

introduction to serious music. The idea comes from a group of famous musicians who are concerned

about the 1_______ SURVIVE of certain types of classical music. They see the plan as one possible

2_______ SOLVE to the problem of declining audiences at classical concerts. Their 3________ ARGUE

is that an interest in classical music should be developed in early childhood. They reject the idea that

children are 4 _________INTEREST in serious music or necessarily find it boring. The group goes into a

school and gives a live 5_______ PERFORM of a short classical piece and then this is followed by an

explanation of how the instruments work. These sessions have proved so 6_______ SUCCESS that they

have now become a regular feature in some schools.

Задание 5.

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Выпишите из текста все преимущества использования компьютера в системе образования.

Computers in Education

When Mrs. Bashet’s son walks through the door after school, he 1_____ NOT HAVE to ask if he has

any homework. She already knows. That’s because in 2007, Dougherty Valley High School, in

California, 2______BUY a program called School Loop, essentially putting grade books, attendance

sheets, student binders, and even blackboards online. With a few mouse clicks on her computer at work,

Mrs. Bashet can check her son’s assignments and test scores as well as see in nearly real time if

he 3______SKIP any class. With School Loop, parents, teachers, administrators, and students can

access a vast quantity of data as effortlessly as opening an email. At the moment school districts across

the country 4_____ ADOPT School Loop and similar systems, such as Edline and Power School. Ed

Zaiontz, executive director of information services, says that the trend toward shuttling information

between schools, homes, and district offices 5_____ CONTINUE to grow in the future as the digital

divide shrinks.

One might expect that today’s high school students who learned to read at the same time as they learned

to click a mouse and hit ‘Enter’ wouldn’t think twice about 6_____BUY track of their classes online.

However, when the school 7______ONE started using School Loop, about half of students groused

about the new window parents would have on their school days.

Задание 6.

1.Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными

буквами после пробелов так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Расскажите о своем первом дне в школе.

My First Year at Wennington School

I 1____COME to Wennington School in the autumn of 1968. The school itself was doing rather well; it

had a new theatre and science building but the rest of the school was much as it 2___BE for years

before. Life in general was not too bad for me. In the first year I 3___BULLY a bit by a couple of boys.

There were always two or three pupils in every class that did get some bullying from the others. However,

that 4____NOT LAST long. The 5___ENJOYABLE aspect of school life for an eleven-year-old

Londoner was going to the woods.I spent most of my free time during the first few weeks

6___EXPLORE the woods in the company of a classmate. Your new question! Playing down the woods

so much had its effects. My group parent report for the summer term of my first year stated: ‘He also

succeeds in getting dirtier in a short space of time than any other boy I 7___ KNOW before’.

Задание 7.

1.Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными буквами. Эти буквы соответствуют

заданиям А-G, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Выберите номер

выбранного вами варианта ответа.

2.Переведите текст на русский язык.

3.Задайте 9- 10 вопросов к тексту.

Language Extinction

Language death is nowadays a phenomenon with a much more frequent A …………….. than the death of

animals or plants species. Every two weeks, one language goes out of B _____. Although language

extinction is a natural process, it raises controversial issues C ____ . to society and culture.

Linguists have defined a language as being dead the moment its last speaker passes D ____. What causes

the extinction and final death of a language? Usually, a language has higher chances to die when people

speaking it are assimilated by other cultures. In this case, the language dies slowly, by merging with the

language of the assimilators. Or its death can be a more accelerated process when the speakers E ____ .

up their own language because they don’t find any benefit in using it.

Many of the dying languages have no written records, so once they go, they will be lost forever. Of

course, speaking one of these languages is not seen as an asset within the business or working

environment today. But it can be an asset from cultural and even scientific point of F _____ .

Preserving your own language is a proof of self-respect and of respect for your past. Learn as many

foreign languages as possible, but never forget your native language just because you can’t find any

benefit in using it throughout your day-by-day life. And if you are one of the few speakers of a language,

contribute to getting it out of the death threat. G ____your knowledge with others who are interested in

expanding their horizons by learning a foreign language.

A

1) appearance

2) existence

3) occurrence

4) occasion

B

1) world

2) use

3) mind

4) way

C

1) concerned

2) dealing

3) regarding

4) related

D

1) over

2) away

3) out

4) off

E

l) change

2) break

3) end

4) give

F

1) order

2) interest

3) view

4) opinion

G

1) Share

2) Give

3) Pass

4) Convey

Ответы 3242431

6

When it comes to the issue of understand of life, some people suggest that the best way to learn about life is getting others» opinions, while other people maintain that the best way of learning is through person experience. In my point of view, the latter opinion carries more weight.

In the first place, learning from previous successful experiences is beneficial for people. For instance, a student who is preparing for an important exam can think of the past exams that he did very well, and he can review more effectively if he learns from these exam experiences. Moreover, the student can acquire the lesson from life that people who work effectively can be successful.

In the second place, learning from past failures can help people to understand the meaning of life. An example is that, losing money because of unwise investments is part of many businessmen»s experiences. When a businessman is planning to invest a big amount of money, he can look back at his experiences of the past and avoid pitfalls that may cause him to lose money again. As a result, he probably will seek advices from professional people and plan his investment more carefully this time. Learning from those failures can surely help people learn how to make wise decisions in life, and people can understand that avoiding mistakes is the keys to succeed in life.

In conclusion, although learning from one»s personal experience may have a few drawbacks, its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. Both good and bad experiences can help people understand life better.

Задание №7507.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Education: the Way to the Top
2. From Agony to Love
3. Teaching to Learn
4. Learning That Never Stops
5. Things Worth Learning
6. The Right Word Can Bring Changes
7. What My Father Taught Me
8. The Power of Numbers

A. Education has the power to transform a person’s life. I am the living example of this. When I was on the streets, I thought I was not good at anything but I wrote a poem, and it got published. I went back to school to learn. I have learned the benefit of research and reading, of debate and listening. One day soon a group of fresh-faced college students will call me professor.

B. Language has the capacity to change the world and the way we live in it. People are often afraid to call things by their direct names, use taboos not to notice dangerous tendencies. Freedom begins with naming things. This has to happen in spite of political climates, careers being won or lost, and the fear of being criticized. After Helen Caldicott used the word ‘nuclear arms race’ an anti-nuclear movement appeared.

C. I never wanted to be a teacher. Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English. I consider my job to be one of the most important aspects of my life, still I do not teach for the love of teaching. I am a teacher because I love to learn, and I have come to realize that the best way to learn is to teach.

D. One day my sister and I got one and the same homework. My sister finished the task in 2 minutes and went off to play. But I could not do it, so I went into my sister’s room and quickly copied her work. But there was one small problem: my father caught me. He didn’t punish me, but explained that cheating makes people feel helpless. And then I was left feeling guilty for cheating.

E. Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading. It is equally important to get the habit of asking such questions as ‘what don’t I know about this topic, or subject?’, ‘what can I learn from this moment or person?’, and ‘what more do I need to learn?’ regardless of where I am, who I am talking to, or what I am doing.

F. Math has always been something that I am good at. Mathematics attracts me because of its stability. It has logic; it is dependable and never changes. There might be some additions to the area of mathematics, but once mathematics is created, it is set in stone. We would not be able to check emails or play videogames without the computer solving complex algorithms.

G. When my high school English teacher asked us to read Shakespeare, I thought it was boring and too difficult. I agonized over the syntax — I had never read anything like this. But now I am a Shakespeare professor, arid enjoy teaching Hamlet every semester. Each time I re-read the play, I find and learn something new for myself.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Решение:
Заголовок 1 (Education: the Way to the Top. — Образование: путь к вершине) соответствует содержанию текста A: «Education has the power to transform a person’s life…»

Заголовок 6 (The Right Word Can Bring Changes. — Правильное слово может принести изменения) соответствует содержанию текста B: «Freedom begins with naming things…»

Заголовок 3 (Teaching to Learn. — Учить учиться) соответствует содержанию текста C: «Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English…»

Заголовок 7 (What My Father Taught Me. — Чему меня научил мой отец) соответствует содержанию текста D: «He didn’t punish me, but explained that cheating makes people feel helpless.»

Заголовок 4 (Learning That Never Stops. — Обучение, которое никогда не прекращается) соответствует содержанию текста E: «Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading.»

Заголовок 8 (The Power of Numbers. — Сила чисел) соответствует содержанию текста F: «Math has always been something that I am good at…»

Заголовок 2 (From Agony to Love. — От агонии к любви) соответствует содержанию текста G: «I agonized over the syntax — I had never read anything like this. But now I am a Shakespeare professor…»

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Источник: ЕГЭ-2012: Английский язык. Авт.-сост. М.В. Вербицкая

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