Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
Believe it or not, this question has its roots in ancient Greece, where philosophers used it as an excuse to argue about cause and effect. What’s more, it’s what is known as a paradox — a situation or statement that appears to present contradicting facts, both of which can logically be true.
Some might say the chicken came first, since you can’t have an egg without a chicken to lay it. But others might argue the egg came first, since all chickens begin life inside of an egg.
A paradox, right? Not if you want to get technical. The question has a rather simple answer if you talk to an ancient egg expert.
“It’s pretty straightforward,” said Jasmina Wiemann, a molecular paleobiologist at Yale University. (Paleobiology is the science of fossil organisms.) “The egg is much older, evolutionarily, than the chicken.”
Chickens, as we know them, probably became domesticated about 10,000 years ago. But the animals that they descend from, known as jungle fowl or Gallus, can be dated back 21 million years.
Now that might sound pretty ancient, but the incredible, edible egg has been around for hundreds of millions of years.
For instance, scientists recently discovered a fossilized bird from northwestern China with an egg stuck inside its body. At 110 million years old, this species, known as Avimaia schweitzerae, would have flitted about in a world dominated by dinosaurs. It’s the most ancient bird egg ever discovered.
Eggs were around long before this, even. Dinosaurs, birds, reptiles and even mammals are known as amniotes, a branch of the vertebrate family tree that evolved approximately 300 million years ago, Wiemann said.
This pushes the origins of the egg back even further. However, these eggs would have looked quite a bit different from what’s in your refrigerator.
The earliest eggs would have been soft, sort of like turtle eggs you might see on the beach, Wiemann said. The crunchy, brittle, protective coating came later.
By the way, if you thought it odd to see the mammals lumped into a group with egg-laying stegosauruses, crocs, ostriches and tortoises, you should know that egg-laying is part of our evolutionary history. In other words, if you go back far enough in time, humans have ancestors that would have laid eggs. And mature female humans today still produce eggs through a process called ovulation. The eggs stay inside of humans — and they’re squishy and lack a shell.
Even weirder, some mammals still reproduce by laying eggs that can survive outside the body. They’re known as monotremes, which include species such as the duck-billed platypus and echidna (pronounced ih-KID-nuh).
Now, here’s a question for you — which came first, the egg or the echidna?
12802. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1) Foreign Food
2) Diet Dangers
3) Changing Habits
4) Eating Out
5) Plan Your Diet Carefully
6) Popular but Useless
7) Food Safety
Eating Together
A. A quick look at junk food facts tells us junk food and diets do not go hand in hand. Junk foods are also called ‘empty calorie’ foods and have no nutritional value. Nevertheless, they are enjoyed by lots of people because of their simplicity to manufacture, consume and, of course, their taste. Chocolates, burgers, pizzas, potato wafers and fries will surely find their way into everyone’s heart.
B. Thai cuisine is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. In fact, several Thai dishes, such as Tom Yum Soup, are currently under scientific study for their incredible health benefits. Of course, it’s already known that many of the fresh herbs and spices used in Thai cooking — such as turmeric, galangal, coriander, lemongrass, and fresh chillies have immune-boosting and disease-fighting power.
C. Vegetarian diets can be very healthy, but eating a balanced diet when you are vegetarian usually requires a little extra attention. Because vegetarians eliminate certain foods from their diets, they often need to work to add foods into their diet that will provide the nutrients found in meat products. If properly planned, vegetarian diets can provide all the nutrients you need.
D. It’s actually easy to make good choices at a fast-food restaurant or the cafeteria. Most cafeterias and fast-food places offer healthy choices that are also tasty, like grilled chicken or salads. Be mindful of portion sizes and high fat add-ons, like dressings, sauces or cheese. Most restaurant portions are larger than the average serving of food at home. Ask for half portions or take half of your dish home.
E. Family meals are making a comeback. Shared family meals are more likely to be nutritious, and kids who eat regularly with their families are less likely to snack on unhealthy foods and more likely to eat fruits and vegetables. Teens who take part in regular family meals are less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs. Beyond health and nutrition, family meals provide a valuable opportunity to reconnect.
F. Families are cooking more meals at home, cutting back on take away in the face of the economic downturn. In addition to cutting back on take away and eating out, families have begun cooking more vegetarian meals and are adding vegetables, lentils and baked beans to allow them to cut back on meat quantity. Consumers also indicate that they are likely to prepare meals that can be spread across more than one mealtime.
G. In recent years it has become common practice for celebrities and stars to publicize food products. Businesses take advantage of consumers’ mentality of ‘following the stars’ and invite celebrities and stars to perform ‘false advertising’ so as to mislead or even deceive consumers. The law stipulates that those who publicize ‘faulty food products’ will share responsibility with food producers and sellers.
1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Home Improvements
The English mania for ‘home improvements’, or ‘DIY’ ___ (DESCRIBE) ‘the proverbial Englishman’ as ‘busy in house and garden and garage with his own hands’.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Never mind football, this is not the real national obsession. The English are a nation of nestbuilders. Almost the entire population ___ (INVOLVE) in DIY, at least to some degree.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
In a survey conducted by anthropologists about twenty years ago, only two per cent of English males and 12 per cent of females said 21 that they never ___ (DO) any DIY.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
An updated research conducted much more recently found that nothing much ___ (CHANGE), except the even higher proportion of women involved in DIY.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The ___ (COMMON) motive for DIYing is that of ‘putting a personal stamp on the place’. This is clearly understood as an unwritten rule of home ownership, and a central element of the moving-in ritual, often involving the destruction of any evidence of the previous owner’s territorial marking.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Watch almost any residential street in England over a period of time, and you will notice that shortly after a For Sale sign ___ (COME) down, a skip appears…
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
…to be filled with often perfectly serviceable bits of ripped-out kitchen or bathroom, along with ripped-out car- 25 pets, cupboards, fireplace-surrounds, ___ (SHELF) , tiles, banisters, doors and even walls and ceilings.
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Jigsaw puzzles
I love solving jigsaw puzzles. Especially puzzles of paintings which designs are ___ (SCENE).
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The aim of having them framed and hung on the wall might seem worthless, indeed. Some say that it is good for the memory, shape and color recognition of the brain. However, I haven’t observed any ___ (PRONOUNCE) effects to my brain because of these puzzles.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
What it really trains is patience and ___ (COMMIT), the virtues not many people have. And the resistance to neck and back pains.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It takes me typically from 12 (which is disappointing) to 40 hours to complete a puzzle. You can never know which part will be the toughest of all or whether none of the pieces will be missing. The moment I open the box to ___ (LOAD) those tiny-tiny pieces is the moment of utter confusion and disorder. But then comes the joyous moment of the first fit.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Till the last piece, no matter how much time you have spent, you 30 don’t know if the puzzle will be complete. Hence, ___ (CERTAIN) has to be enjoyed.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Still, seeing that chaos of pieces scattered on the floor diminish in number as they one by one give me the big picture is true ___ (ELATE)!
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Egg art
Egg art is one of the earliest forms of art. There is something fascinating about the shape of the egg, and the idea of making this ___ art.
1) into
2) out of
3) over
4) up for
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Many early civilizations regarded the egg as a symbol of fertility and the circle of life, partly because it is a(n) ___ shorthand for new life and un-hatched potential.
1) ocular
2) optical
3) visible
4) visual
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
There is also an interesting contrast between the soft interior and the protective tough exterior, ___ ideas of protection and hidden secrets.
1) awaking
2) conjuring
3) evoking
4) originating
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Eggs have particular resonance in the Christian faith where they have become associated with the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Eggs also take on an important role in the Jewish Passover holiday where they have become a symbol of sacrifice and loss. In some Asian cultures the egg is seen as a symbol of luck and wealth. So many cultures adorn the egg as part of their ___.
1) prayers
2) rites
3) services
4) worships
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Modern man has turned egg decoration into egg art. An artist who ‘does eggs’ must ___ all know how to empty an eggshell.
1) above
2) before
3) beyond
4) over
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
It’s necessary to disinfect it to make sure you are working with a surface that is free from diseases which are ___ by birds. Goose, duck and chicken eggs (no eggs are taken from the wild!) are usually ‘blown’ — a hole is made in each end and the contents are blown out.
1) born
2) carried
3) moved
4) transported
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
After cleaning the egg, a craftsman must know how to make the naturally smooth and greasy surface of an eggshell easier to work with if you want to paint it or cover it in mosaic or decorate it with things such as ribbons, fabric or carve ornaments with a high- ___ paragraver (quite similar to a dentist’s drilling tool).
1) pace
2) speed
3) tempo
4) velocity
Юлия Шимчук
Знаток
(346),
на голосовании
8 лет назад
00:00:00
He question that has baffled mankind since the Greeks
00:00:03
Down to the twenty-first century
,
and we’re still eager to learn
00:00:07
Who came first
?
The chicken or the egg
?
Question will be simple if you take
00:00:11
Literally
.
The animals that existed before bleaching chicken much
,
so
00:00:15
Technically the egg came before the chicken
.
But this question
,
worded better
00:00:19
As chicken or chicken eggs focuses more on the issue of periodic and effect
.
00:00:24
Meaning that if chicken was born from an egg
,
where the egg came from
?
Presumably
00:00:28
There Djajhokhry
.
Which certainly came from an egg
,
if you came first
?
00:00:33
On the one hand we have a team chicken
.
Research indicates that protein
00:00:37
Basic composition of chicken eggs
,
and called OV-17 no
00:00:41
Only in the ovaries of chickens
.
Without it you can not configure peel chicken eggs
.
00:00:46
So without the chicken
,
technically you can not get chicken eggs
00:00:49
But it all depends on the nature and definition of a chicken egg in
00:00:53
The first place
.
After all
,
Is a chicken egg is an egg Badtha chickens
?
Or just
00:00:59
Obviously it has to be chickens carrying the OV-17 that came from somewhere
.
00:01:04
But if you put an elephant eggs hatched a lion
,
you be Phil egg or
00:01:09
Lion egg
?
This leads to the other side of the story
,
the white team
.
Through
00:01:13
Reproduction passes Kaúnan their genetic information in the form of
00:01:17
DNA
,
but DNA repeat this never be 100
%
00:01:20
Accurate and often result in slight changes in the new object
.
00:01:24
These small mutations in DNA over thousands of generations create factions
00:01:28
New
.
But should these genetic mutations occur in the initial zygote or cell
,
so
00:01:33
The chicken-like creature to a large extent
(
which can be called a raw chicken
)
00:01:37
Paired with other raw chickens and because of a small genetic mutation
00:01:41
Gave birth first chickens
,
00:01:42
Which has grown in eggs
.
So egg Ajaet first
?
Team may argue chicken
00:01:47
That this was merely a chicken grows inside the egg raw
.
However you can not
00:01:52
Boom ever to form a new species really
.
Although we humans would like
00:01:56
Classification of all creatures into groups and different names
00:01:59
This is based on how things are now
,
not how it was millions of years ago
00:02:03
A gradual process of evolution is so large you can not combine first two Digajtin
00:02:07
Lead to the emergence of new species at that time
.
This is much like how the dogs
00:02:12
Came from wolves
,
when humans began interacting with the domestication of wolves
00:02:16
Not at one point that sired wolf dog
.
00:02:19
But rather as special recipes came from selective pressures
,
such as
,
00:02:23
Choose wolves who were not afraid of humans
,
or those that were less aggressive
00:02:26
Over many generations to imagine us genetic differences and a very large behavioral
00:02:31
Where this leaves us
?
We have 2 scenario
.
Some initial Allowadah factions for eggs
00:02:36
Led to the creation of raw chicken and which put raw egg
00:02:39
And in one of the eggs were there and boom
,
which led to a slight change
00:02:43
And consequently found the first chickens
,
which in turn
00:02:47
Began to lay eggs
00:02:49
In this case chicken came first
.
Or our
00:02:52
Raw chicken that gave birth to the chicken inside half
00:02:56
Chicken egg and thus egg came first
.
Which brings us back to the
00:03:00
Labels and question
,
What is a chicken egg
?
A somewhat
00:03:04
Question does not make sense
,
but in the end
,
what can all agree upon is that
00:03:09
Regardless of whether the chicken-egg-egg or egg raw chicken
,
the chicken first real
00:03:13
Came from an egg
.
And egg
показать еще
-
1
chick
[ʧɪk]
I
1.сущ.
Syn:
Syn:
3) детка, птенчик, птичка
Syn:
5)
;
воен.
;
жарг.
истребитель
2.
гл.
пищать, издавать писк
Syn:
II
1.;
шотл.
Syn:
2.
;
шотл.
Syn:
Англо-русский современный словарь > chick
-
2
chick
tʃɪk I
1. сущ.
1) цыпленок to hatch chicks ≈ высиживать цыплят chicks cheep ≈ цыплята пищат a brood of chicks ≈ цыплячий выводок Syn: chicken
2) птенец( в яйце или же только вылупившийся) the chick within the egg ≈ птенец, находящийся в яйце Syn: poult, nestling
3) а) детка, птенчик, птичка (ласково о ребенке) Syn: child б) сл. цыпочка( о девушке, молодой женщине;
некоторые считают такое обращение оскорбительным)
4) амер.;
воен.;
сл. истребитель
2. гл. пищать, издавать писк( о птенце) Syn: chirp
3., cheep
2. II
1. сущ.;
шотл. тиканье Syn: tick II
1.
2. гл.;
шотл. тикать (как часы) Syn: tick II
2.
цыпленок — male * петушок — female * курочка птенец (ласкательное) цыпленок, цыпка, птенчик ( о ребенке) (сленг) цыпочка, девочка, девчонка( о взрослой девушке) (американизм) (военное) (жаргон) истребитель бамбуковая штора или портьера( шотландское) тиканье (часов)
chick ласк. ребенок ~ цыпленок;
птенецБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > chick
См. также в других словарях:
-
Chicken or the egg — Illustration from Tacuina sanitatis, Fourteenth century The chicken or the egg causality dilemma is commonly stated as which came first, the chicken or the egg? To ancient philosophers, the question about the first chicken or egg also evoked the … Wikipedia
-
Egg (biology) — Bird eggs and others (click on image for key) … Wikipedia
-
The Life of Birds — Infobox nature documentary bgcolour = show name = The Life of Birds caption = The Life of Birds DVD cover picture format = 4:3 audio format = Stereo runtime = 50 minutes creator = developer = producer = executive producer = Mike Salisbury… … Wikipedia
-
The Blue Belt — is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in Norske Folkeeventyr . It is Aarne Thompson type 590.Plot summaryA beggar woman and her son were returning home when he saw a blue belt. She forbad him to pick it… … Wikipedia
-
Chick sexing — Chicks of different sexes can appear quite similar. Chick sexing is the method of distinguishing the sex of chicken and other hatchlings, usually by a trained person called a chick sexer or chicken sexer.[1] Chicken sexing is practiced mostly by… … Wikipedia
-
The Christmas Invasion — 167 – The Christmas Invasion Doctor Who episode The recently regenerated Doctor battles the Sycorax Leader on the Sycorax ship above London … Wikipedia
-
Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg — Infobox VG| title = Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg developer = Sonic Team publisher = Sega designer = engine = Sonic Adventure 2 released = GameCube vgrelease|NA=September 23, 2003|JP=October 9, 2003|EU=October 31, 2003 Microsoft Windows… … Wikipedia
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March of the Penguins — This article is about the 2005 film. For the 2006 student protest, see 2006 student protests in Chile. March of the Penguins American release poster Directed by … Wikipedia
-
Cadbury Creme Egg — Type Confectionery Country … Wikipedia
-
Easter egg — Easter eggs are specially decorated eggs given to celebrate the Easter holiday or springtime. The oldest tradition is to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with… … Wikipedia
-
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals — PETA redirects here. For other uses, see Peta (disambiguation). Founder(s) Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco … Wikipedia
- Подробности
-
29124
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| Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST 13 ( part 3) |
The Phoenix Legend
This magical, mythical bird has long been a part of legends, dating A22 back to ancient civilizations. In today’s culture, the phoenix’s legend is still going A23 strong, with a major city in the United States named after the resurrecting beast and popular books and movies, including the phenomenally successful ‘Harry Potter’ series encompassing the bird into characters and plots.
Since the story has come A24 down to us through the oral tradition, there is no single version of it. It varies from teller to teller — each adding something of their own and changing tiny aspects of it. A25 Nonetheless, the main facts of the legend of the Phoenix remain intact, even though the myth has been adulterated.
According to the legend, the Phoenix is a supernatural creature that has an incredibly long A26 lifespan, stretching to at least a thousand years. It cannot fall sick or get injured at any point in its lifetime. However, some believe that it does get affected by disease or drought, which leads it to prematurely enter the next phase of its life.
Once that time is over, the bird builds its own funeral pyre. The traditional story goes that the phoenix ignites himself, burns to ash, and then rises again from the ashes to live another thousand years. This triumph over adversity has caused the bird to become the A27 mascotor symbol of many groups and organizations. Once the bird is born from ashes, the cycle begins anew.
Another version of the story is that before the fire consumes the bird, it lays an egg, which hatches a new phoenix. This phoenix will live to be a thousand years old before having an A28 offspring in the same method. There is no way of ascertaining which version of the story is true, but all of them express the same theme: the triumph over adversity.
|
А22 |
1) from |
2) back Date back to — датироваться, восходить к определенной эпохе; устоявшееся выражение |
3) away |
4) through |
|
А23 |
1) healthy |
2) strong Be going strong — быть в самом разгаре, в полной силе; устоявшееся выражение |
3) alive |
4) fine |
|
А24 |
1) back |
2) round |
3) forward |
4) down Come down to — обращаться к, доходить; другие 3 слова не могут быть здесь употреблены ни по смыслу ни грамматически |
|
А25 |
1) As a result Как результат |
2) Therefore По этой причине |
3) Nonetheless Несмотря на, однако |
4) Regardless Невзирая ни на что |
|
А26 |
1) lifespan Продолжительность жизни; Других трех слов не существует |
2) lifespin |
3) lifescan |
4) lifespam |
|
А27 |
1) pendant подвеска, брелок |
2) anthem гимн |
3) mascot талисман |
4) amulet амулет |
|
А28 |
1) ancestor предок |
2) offspring потомок |
3) predecessor предшественник |
4) offcut отрезок, обрезок |
This question appears regularly in the question file, so let’s take a shot at it.
In nature, living things evolve through changes in their DNA. In an animal like a chicken, DNA from a male sperm cell and a female ovum meet and combine to form a zygote — the first cell of a new baby chicken. This first cell divides innumerable times to form all of the cells of the complete animal. In any animal, every cell contains exactly the same DNA, and that DNA comes from the zygote.
Chickens evolved from non-chickens through small changes caused by the mixing of male and female DNA or by mutations to the DNA that produced the zygote. These changes and mutations only have an effect at the point where a new zygote is created. That is, two non-chickens mated and the DNA in their new zygote contained the mutation(s) that produced the first true chicken. That one zygote cell divided to produce the first true chicken.
Prior to that first true chicken zygote, there were only non-chickens. The zygote cell is the only place where DNA mutations could produce a new animal, and the zygote cell is housed in the chicken’s egg. So, the egg must have come first.
Here are some interesting links:
- Does the chicken’s body make the shell and fill it with the white and yolk somehow, or does it make the white and yolk and then somehow wrap the shell around it?
- How can an egg carton claim that the contained eggs have less fat and more vitamin E?
- Why do eggs turn hard when you boil them?
- How Cells Work
- How Evolution Works
- How Gene Pools Work
The chicken or egg question егэ ответы по английскому языку
The apparent one-to-one correspondence between comets and meteor showers raised a chicken or egg question which was not fully resolved until the middle of the twentieth century.
Hyphenation
Turkish pronunciation
Pronunciation
Resimler
Word of the day
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Student: _________________________
Chicken or egg question
The apparent one-to-one correspondence between comets and meteor showers raised a chicken or egg question which was not fully resolved until the middle of the twentieth century.
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2) all services that he provides
You have to answer five questions.
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The chicken or egg question егэ ответы по английскому языку
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При выполнении заданий с кратким ответом впишите в поле для ответа цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа, или число, слово, последовательность букв (слов) или цифр. Ответ следует записывать без пробелов и каких-либо дополнительных символов. Для выполнения заданий 1, 2 прослушайте аудиозапись и выпишите правильную последовательность цифр. Для выполнения заданий 3—9 прослушайте интервью и выберите один из трех вариантов ответа. В задании 10 установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1—8. В задании один заголовок лишний. В задании 11 прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
При выполнении заданий 19—25, преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Записывайте ответы без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов; не копируйте слова-ответы из браузера, вписывайте их, набирая с клавиатуры. При выполнении заданий 26—31, образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Записывайте ответы без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов; не копируйте слова-ответы из браузера, вписывайте их, набирая с клавиатуры. Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Если вариант задан учителем, вы можете вписать или загрузить в систему ответы к заданиям с развернутым ответом. Учитель увидит результаты выполнения заданий с кратким ответом и сможет оценить загруженные ответы к заданиям с развернутым ответом. Выставленные учителем баллы отобразятся в вашей статистике.
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
The ostrich is the bird that lays the smallest egg for its size. Although it is the largest single cell in nature, an ostrich egg is less than 2 per cent of the weight of the mother. A wren’s egg, by comparison, is 13 per cent of its weight. The largest egg in comparison with the size of the bird is that of the Little Spotted kiwi. Its egg accounts for 26 per cent of its own weight.
An ostrich egg weighs as much as twenty-four hen’s eggs; to soft-boil one takes forty-five minutes. Queen Victoria tucked into one for breakfast and declared it among the best meals she had ever eaten. The largest egg laid by any animal – including the dinosaurs – belonged to the elephant bird of Madagascar, which became extinct in 1700. It was ten times the size of an ostrich egg, nine litres in volume and the equivalent of 180 chicken’s eggs.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
People all over the world love Christmas. In English-speaking countries it is the 25 th of December. It is a time for buying and giving presents, having parties and being with family.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Study the advertisement.
You are considering using the real estate agent services and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) if there are special offers
2) all services that he provides
3) online consulting service
4) duration of the meeting
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Study the advertisement.
Best school uniforms in town!
You are considering buying a school uniform for your little sister and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:
1) online catalog
2) availability of all-natural fabric uniforms
3) uniform for PE classes
4) payment methods
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Tapescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss science. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: What science is your favourite? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How does the scientific progress benefit the world?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Do schools need to focus more on science?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Would you like to work as a scientist? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: If you could focus on inventing a single thing, what would it be?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Tapescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss family. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: What traditions does your family hold?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How does your family celebrate holidays?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What was your last family trip?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Where would you like to go together next? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How is your family involved in your education?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Imagine that you are doing a project «Man’s best friends» together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:
• give a brief description of the photos (2 features connected with the subject of the project in each photo minimum);
• say in what way the pictures are different (2 features connected with the subject of the project minimum);
• mention the advantages and disadvantages (1–2) of having a cat and a dog as a pet;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project – whether you would prefer to have a cat or a dog as a pet.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
Imagine that you are doing a project «Leisure activities» together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:
• give a brief description of the photos (2 features connected with the subject of the project in each photo minimum);
• say in what way the pictures are different (2 features connected with the subject of the project minimum);
• mention the advantages and disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of spending your spare time;
• explain how these photos illustrate the project «Leisure activities»;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project – which leisure activity would you prefer?
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.
Решения заданий с развернутым ответом не проверяются автоматически.
На следующей странице вам будет предложено проверить их самостоятельно.
20 dilde online sözlük. 20 milyondan fazla sözcük ve anlamı üç farklı aksanda dinleme seçeneği. Cümle ve Videolar ile zenginleştirilmiş içerik. Etimoloji, Eş ve Zıt anlamlar, kelime okunuşları ve günün kelimesi. Yazım Türkçeleştirici ile hatalı Türkçe metinleri düzeltme. iOS, Android ve Windows mobil platformlarda online ve offline sözlük programları. Sesli Sözlük garantisinde Profesyonel çeviri hizmetleri. İngilizce kelime haznenizi arttıracak kelime oyunları. Ayarlar bölümünü kullarak çevirisini görmek istediğiniz sözlükleri seçme ve aynı zamanda sözlüklerin gösterim sırasını ayarlama imkanı. Kelimelerin seslendirilişini otomatik dinlemek için ayarlardan isteğiniz aksanı seçebilirsiniz.
Easter egg — Easter eggs are specially decorated eggs given to celebrate the Easter holiday or springtime. The oldest tradition is to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with… … Wikipedia
Student _________________________.
En. reshuege. ru
12.09.2017 9:07:19
2017-09-12 09:07:19
The+chick+within+the+egg
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Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg — Infobox VG| title = Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg developer = Sonic Team publisher = Sega designer = engine = Sonic Adventure 2 released = GameCube vgrelease|NA=September 23, 2003|JP=October 9, 2003|EU=October 31, 2003 Microsoft Windows… … Wikipedia
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Easter egg — Easter eggs are specially decorated eggs given to celebrate the Easter holiday or springtime. The oldest tradition is to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with… … Wikipedia
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• express your opinion on the subject of the project – whether you would prefer to have a cat or a dog as a pet.
• say in what way the pictures are different (2 features connected with the subject of the project minimum);
Interviewer Thank you very much for your interview.
Translate. academic. ru
20.11.2019 5:35:59
2019-11-20 05:35:59
Источники:
Http://www. seslisozluk. net/en/what-is-the-meaning-of-chicken-or-egg-question/
Http://en. reshuege. ru/test? id=1895418&nt=True&pub=False
Http://translate. academic. ru/the+chick+within+the+egg/en/xx/
Chicken or the egg — Перевод на русский — примеры английский | Reverso Context » /> » /> .keyword { color: red; } The chicken or egg question егэ ответы по английскому языку
Перевод chicken or the egg на русский
Перевод «chicken or the egg» на русский
Huseyn Gurbanov, Baku, Azerbaijan: SOLUTION OF PARADOX: 1. «That was before: the chicken or the egg?»Are two concepts.
Гусейн Гурбанов, Баку, Азербайджан: РЕШЕНИЕ ПАРАДОКСОВ: 1. «Что было раньше: яйцо или курица?» Даются два понятия.
That was the only way to trigger the market and create conditions for growth and market development, although the timing of investment could be typically compared to the problem of deciding which came first, the chicken or the egg.
Лишь это может стимулировать возникновение рынка и создать условия для роста и рыночного пути развития, хотя вопрос о своевременности инвестирования можно в целом сравнить с вопросом о том, что первично: курица или яйцо.
I. noun Etymology: Middle English chiken, from Old English cicen young ~; akin to Old English cocc cock Date: 14th century 1. a. the common domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) especially when young; also its flesh used as food — compare jungle fowl b. any of various birds or their young 2. a young woman 3. a. coward b. any of various contests in which the participants risk personal safety in order to see which one will give up first 4. short for ~shit slang petty details 5. slang a young male homosexual II. adjective Date: 1941 1. a. scared b. timid, cowardly 2. slang a. insistent on petty details of duty or discipline b. petty, unimportant III. intransitive verb (~ed; ~ing) Date: 1943 to lose one’s nerve — usually used with out seemed to exhibit courage, manliness, and conviction when others ~ed out — J. R. Seeley.
~1 n 1 »BIRD« a common farm bird that is kept for its meat and eggs (He keeps chickens on his farm.) (- see also hen, cock1 (1), rooster) 2 »MEAT« the meat from this bird eaten as food (roast chicken | fried chicken | chicken soup) 3 »SB WHO IS NOT BRAVE« informal someone who is not at all brave; coward (Don’t be such a chicken!) 4 »GAME« a game in which children must do something dangerous to show that they are brave 5 which came first, the chicken or the egg? used to say that it is difficult or impossible to decide which of two things came first or which action is the cause and which is the effect 6 a chicken and egg situation/problem/thing etc a situation in which it is impossible to decide which part caused another and which is the effect of another 7 your chickens have come home to roost your bad or dishonest actions in the past have caused the problems that you have now (- see also don’t count your chickens before they’ve hatched count1 (8), spring chicken) chicken out phr v informal to decide at the last moment not to do something you said you would do because you are afraid (chicken out of doing sth) (I knew you’d chicken out of telling Dad you want to leave school.) ~2 adj informal not brave enough to do something (Your brother is chicken.) .
См. в других словарях
Птенчик о ребенке 9.
Context. reverso. net
31.03.2020 8:36:02
2020-03-31 08:36:02
ПРОЧИТАТЬ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ПО РУССКОМУ Lived there was a grandfather
ПРОЧИТАТЬ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ПО РУССКОМУ Lived there was a grandfather and the woman. Also there was at them chicken Ряба. Somehow the chicken Egg, yes not simple, but gold Here has taken down. The grandfather beat, beat, has not broken. The woman beat, beat, has not broken. The mousy ran, Tail has waved, Egg has fallen and was broke. The grandfather cries, the woman, and a chicken them cries calms: » do not cry the grandfather, do not cry the woman, I shall take down to you one more Egg, yes not gold, and idle time. » The chicken Egg has taken down, the grandfather with the woman it have broken and have fried a fried eggs
Ливд зээ уоз э грэндфазэ энд зэ вумэн. Олсо зээ уоз эт зэм чикен Ряба. Самхау зэ чикен эг, ес нот симпл, бат голд хиэ хэз тэйкен даун. Зэ грэндфазэ бит, бит, хэз нот броукен. Зэ вумэн бит, бит, хэз нот броукен. Зэ мауси рэн, тэйл хэз уэйвд, эг хэз фолэн энд уоз броук. Зэ грэндфазэ крайс, зэ вумэн, энд э чикен зэм крайс камс: «ду нот край зэ грэндфазэ, ду нот край зэ вумэн, ай шэл тэйк даун ту ю уан мо эг, ес нот голд, энд айдл тайм. » Зэ чикен эг хэз тэйкен даун, зэ грэндфазэ уиз зэ вумэн ит хэв броукен энд хэв фрайд э фрайд эгз.
Huseyn Gurbanov, Baku, Azerbaijan: SOLUTION OF PARADOX: 1. «That was before: the chicken or the egg?»Are two concepts.
— O. E. cycen «young fowl,» which in M. E. came to mean «young chicken,» then any chicken, from W. Gmc. *kiukinam, from base *keuk — (possibly root of cock, of echoic origin) + dim. suffix. Sense of «cowardly» is at least as old as 14c.; and chicken pox may be a disparaging name because of their mildness compared to smallpox. Chick is 14c. abbreviation, extended to «a child» and used as a term of endearment. As slang for «young woman» it is first recorded 1927 in black slang, popularized 1960s. Chickweed is O. E. cicene mete «chicken food.» Chic-pea (1548), originally chich-pease, is from Fr. pois chiche, from L. cicer «pea.»
Coward N-COUNT c darkgreen disapproval Chicken is also an adjective.
Shkolnikru. com
18.02.2019 3:38:57
2019-02-18 03:38:57
Английский Этимологический словарь — chicken
— O. E. cycen «young fowl,» which in M. E. came to mean «young chicken,» then any chicken, from W. Gmc. *kiukinam, from base *keuk — (possibly root of cock, of echoic origin) + dim. suffix. Sense of «cowardly» is at least as old as 14c.; and chicken pox may be a disparaging name because of their mildness compared to smallpox. Chick is 14c. abbreviation, extended to «a child» and used as a term of endearment. As slang for «young woman» it is first recorded 1927 in black slang, popularized 1960s. Chickweed is O. E. cicene mete «chicken food.» Chic-pea (1548), originally chich-pease, is from Fr. pois chiche, from L. cicer «pea.»
См. в других словарях
~1 n 1 »BIRD« a common farm bird that is kept for its meat and eggs (He keeps chickens on his farm.) (- see also hen, cock1 (1), rooster) 2 »MEAT« the meat from this bird eaten as food (roast chicken | fried chicken | chicken soup) 3 »SB WHO IS NOT BRAVE« informal someone who is not at all brave; coward (Don’t be such a chicken!) 4 »GAME« a game in which children must do something dangerous to show that they are brave 5 which came first, the chicken or the egg? used to say that it is difficult or impossible to decide which of two things came first or which action is the cause and which is the effect 6 a chicken and egg situation/problem/thing etc a situation in which it is impossible to decide which part caused another and which is the effect of another 7 your chickens have come home to roost your bad or dishonest actions in the past have caused the problems that you have now (- see also don’t count your chickens before they’ve hatched count1 (8), spring chicken) chicken out phr v informal to decide at the last moment not to do something you said you would do because you are afraid (chicken out of doing sth) (I knew you’d chicken out of telling Dad you want to leave school.) ~2 adj informal not brave enough to do something (Your brother is chicken.) .
(chickens, chickening, chickened) Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English. 1. Chickens are birds which are kept on a farm for their eggs and for their meat. Lionel built a coop so that they could raise chickens and have a supply of fresh eggs. . free-range chickens. = hen N-COUNT • Chicken is the flesh of this bird eaten as food. . roast chicken with wild mushrooms. . chicken soup. N-UNCOUNT 2. If someone calls you a chicken, they mean that you are afraid to do something. (INFORMAL) I’m scared of the dark. I’m a big chicken. = coward N-COUNT c darkgreen]disapproval • Chicken is also an adjective. Why are you so chicken, Gregory? ADJ: v-link ADJ 3. If you say that someone is counting their chickens, you mean that they are assuming that they will be successful or get something, when this is not certain. I don’t want to count my chickens before they are hatched. PHRASE: V inflects 4. If you describe a situation as a chicken and egg situation, you mean that it is impossible to decide which of two things caused the other one. It’s a chicken and egg situation. Does the deficiency lead to the eczema or has the eczema led to certain deficiencies? PHRASE: PHR n 5. chickens come home to roost: see roost.
I. noun Etymology: Middle English chiken, from Old English cicen young ~; akin to Old English cocc cock Date: 14th century 1. a. the common domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) especially when young; also its flesh used as food — compare jungle fowl b. any of various birds or their young 2. a young woman 3. a. coward b. any of various contests in which the participants risk personal safety in order to see which one will give up first 4. short for ~shit slang petty details 5. slang a young male homosexual II. adjective Date: 1941 1. a. scared b. timid, cowardly 2. slang a. insistent on petty details of duty or discipline b. petty, unimportant III. intransitive verb (~ed; ~ing) Date: 1943 to lose one’s nerve — usually used with out seemed to exhibit courage, manliness, and conviction when others ~ed out — J. R. Seeley.
1) курица (Gallus gallus) 2) англ. цыплёнок (до года) – greater prairie chicken – lesser prairie chicken – meadow chickens – prairie chicken.
1. цыпленок 2. (молодая) курочка; молодой петушок spring chicken —- с-х. мясной цыпленок, откормленный к весенней распродаже 3. кул. цыпленок 4. pl. с-х. куры our chickens lay two to three eggs a day —- наши куры несут по два-три яйца в день 5. курятина, куриное мясо fried chicken —- жареная курица a pound of chicken —- фунт курятины I don’t like chicken —- курицу я не люблю chicken Kiev —- котлеты по-киевски chicken croquettes —- куриные тефтели chicken salad —- салат-оливье с курицей 6. птенец 7. юнец; молодое, неопытное существо; неоперившийся птенец spring chicken —- желторотый юнец или простодушная наивная девушка, «цыпленок» she is no (spring) chicken —- она уже не девчонка 8. ласк. птенчик (о ребенке) 9. ам. сл. молодой солдат, новобранец 10. ам. сл. легкая добыча, жертва (ограбления) 11. пренебр. трус, мокрая курица to be chicken —- трусить 12. воен. жарг. «курица» (орел в гербе США) 13. воен. жарг. «курица» (знак различия полковника) 14. воен. жарг. полковник 15. ам. сл. враки, выдумки 16. ам. сл. придирки chicken sergeant —- сержант-придира 17. ам. сл. нудная работа Id: he got it where the chicken got the axe —- ему всыпали по первое число, он получил по шее Id: to count one’s chickens before they are hatched, don’t count your chickens before they are hatched —- посл. цыплят по осени считают 18. ам. куриный; относящийся к.
1. noun 1) цыпленок, птенец; amer. тж. курица, петух 2) курица (кушанье) — chicken soup 3) affect. ребенок; (неопытный) юнец she is no chicken — она уже не ребенок; она уже не первой молодости — spring chicken 4) attr. новоиспеченный dont count your chickens before they are hatched prov. — цыплят по осени считают Mother Car(e)ys chicken — буревестник 2. v. — chicken out CHICKEN out sl. выйти из игры, грозящей неприятностями; пойти на попятный He chickened out of climbing up the tree. The boy was afraid that if he did not join the others in the crime, they would say he had chickened out. CHICKEN soup куриный бульон CHICKEN wire noun (мелкая) проволочная сетка.
Гусейн Гурбанов, Баку, Азербайджан: РЕШЕНИЕ ПАРАДОКСОВ: 1. «Что было раньше: яйцо или курица?» Даются два понятия.
Лишь это может стимулировать возникновение рынка и создать условия для роста и рыночного пути развития, хотя вопрос о своевременности инвестирования можно в целом сравнить с вопросом о том, что первично: курица или яйцо.
The woman beat, beat, has not broken.
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Chicken-and-egg — это. Что такое chicken-and-egg? » /> » /> .keyword { color: red; } The chicken or egg question егэ ответы по английскому языку
The chicken or egg question егэ ответы по английскому языку
Вариант 23
Вы услышите четыре коротких диалога, обозначенных A, B, C и D. Определите, где происходит каждый из диалогов. Используйте каждое место действия из списка 1-5 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее место действия. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.
Нажмите, чтобы прослушать запись
1. In drama class
2. On board a plane
3. In the cinema
4. In a swimming pool
5. In an amusement park
Вы услышите пять высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-E и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-6. Используйте каждое утверждение из списка 1-6 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 30 секунд, чтоб ознакомиться с заданием.
Нажмите, чтобы прослушать запись
1. The speaker advises on how to keep healthy.
2. The speaker explains why he/she missed the class.
3. The speaker complains about his/her health.
4. The speaker describes a new health centre.
5. The speaker talks about his/her recent visit to a dentist.
6. The speaker talks about an accident he/she witnessed.
В заданиях 3-8 в поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного.
Нажмите, чтобы прослушать запись
Anna comes from
1) are close relatives.
2) went to school together.
3) have met recently.
To get to her work, Anna usually uses
1) public transport.
Anna says that she is
1) one foreign language.
2) two foreign languages.
3) no foreign languages.
Jack’s favourite sport is
Раздел 2. Чтение
Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А–G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. То forgive and forget
2. How Maslenitsa is celebrated
3. The recipe for the holiday dish
4. Various functions of the holiday
5. How the holiday got its name
6. Why pancakes are essential at Maslenitsa
7. It is celebrated not only in Russia
8. Tasting competition
A. In the old days Maslenitsa was for remembrance of the dead. But in time, the Russian longing for fun and entertainment turned the sad holiday into the jolly Maslenitsa with blini — round, yellow and hot as the sun, sledding and horse sleigh riding, fistfights and chatting with the mother-in-law. The rituals of Maslenitsa are very unusual and interesting because they combine rituals for the end of winter and ceremonies for the start of spring, which were to promote a rich harvest.
C. The circle has always been considered a holy shape in Russia. According to old beliefs, it protected people from evil. On Maslenitsa, the Russians made pancakes, decorated the wheels of their carts, and danced the khorovod (the round folk dance). The aim of all those ceremonies was to please the Sun so that it would be kinder to people. Nowadays, not everyone remembers about the symbolic meaning of the pancakes, but everyone enjoys their taste.
D. Nowadays, Maslenitsa lasts for a whole week. It has turned into a fun festival with different folk entertainments such as sledding, burning scarecrows, bonfire jumping, and eating pancakes. Each day of the Maslenitsa festival has its name and programme. For example, Tuesday is called zaigrysh (game day). From that day all sorts of activities started: sleigh riding, folk festivals and puppet shows.
E. For simple, thin pancakes, a dough is prepared from flour, milk, eggs and some salt and sugar. The first thing you should do is to separate the yolks from the whites. Then stir the yolks with sugar, slowly adding milk while stirring. Add the salt and the hot, melted butter. Then start adding the flour (very slowly), stirring the mixture. As the last step, add the stirred whites. Now everything is ready for baking pancakes on the hot frying pans.
F. And during the last day of Maslenitsa, Russian Jack-straw, the symbol of winter, is burnt. People bid farewell to winter till the next year. There is another important tradition on Sunday — you have to ask for forgiveness from all your close relatives and friends. That is why Russians call each other on the phone or send messages and ask to forgive them for all the bad things they have done during the year.
G. The Russian Orthodox Maslenitsa festival, which marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring, has its origins in ancient sun worship. Every year since 2009, Russian pianist and producer Olga Balakleets has organized a week-long celebration of Russian culture around London. By chance or not it coincides with Maslenitsa. This festival included an impressive series of musical, cinematic and other events, along with a reception in the House of Commons.
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10–17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.
It was Father’s Day and we wanted to make that Sunday very special for our dad.
“Do you think we could prepare breakfast for Dad all by ourselves?” I asked Mum on Saturday night, right on the eve of Father’s Day.
“Of course,” said Mum, “I’m sure it’ll be the best breakfast of his life. At least he’ll never forget it, I’m sure.”
“Look, I have a plan,” Mum waved to my five-year-old brother, Chris, to come closer so that we could discuss it all together.
According to Mum’s plan, she would take Dorothy, our baby sister, for a walk early the next morning. Chris and I would cook breakfast for Dad and give it to him as a surprise. I was assigned to be the boss, which was perfectly fair as I was a year and a half older than Chris.
The next morning, I arranged all the foods on the kitchen table. Chris was watching me with respect.
“Dad always complains that Mum gives him porridge or cornflakes for breakfast. We need to make something different,” I said.
“Good idea,” nodded Chris. “Let’s make a meat pie.”
I had no reason to say no.
We took the metal thing Mum usually used when she made pies. I put some flour in it, poured in a bit of milk, and beat in one egg. Then I stirred the stuff with a spoon and it looked quite similar to the dough Mum usually used for her pie. Chris found some beef mince in the freezer and gave it to me. The mince was too hard to be spread on top the pie. After a short discussion, we decided to leave it as it was. The heat in the oven would cook it anyway.
We were careful to put some salt and pepper on the meat as Dad preferred his food spicy.
“Well, it’s almost ready,” I rubbed my hands. “Cooking is easy. Dad always says the same. Why does Mum make so much fuss about it?”
The only problem was the oven as we did not know how to switch it on. But it was not a good reason to wake up dad of course. The microwave was a perfect alternative to the oven. We put the pie in it and turned it on.
When we were making coffee, we dropped the kettle on the floor and it obviously woke up Dad. Or it could have been the fire alarm which started to wail because we had left our pie in the microwave a bit longer than it probably needed.
Anyway, we heard Dad’s footsteps on the staircase but his coffee was not ready yet! To save him from this disappointment, Chris opened the hot water tap, poured some water into Dad’s cup and put two tablespoons of instant coffee in it. It did not smell like the coffee from the coffee machine Mum usually made. But, on the other hand, Dad always complained that his coffee was too hot for him to drink. So hot that it, and the traffic jams of course made him late to his office. Our coffee was not hot at all.
When Dad rushed into the kitchen, he looked very surprised. The table was laid — his pie and his coffee was served perfectly in time, not like on the mornings when Mum made his breakfast.
At this very moment the doorbell rang. It was Mum with Dorothy. Mum said she had reserved a table for all of us in the coffee shop with our favourite PlayStation and asked us to hurry. Chris and I rushed to our room to get dressed. Dad was really quick with his breakfast. When we looked in the kitchen, his plate and his cup were already empty. He is a really big eater, our Dad! In the coffee shop he had a hearty breakfast too — the second one of the day.
Chicken-and-egg — [chik ənənd eg′] adj. of or relating to a paradoxical situation, question, etc. involving two factors, each of which in turn causes or leads to the other … English World dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — ˌchik(ə̇)nən(d)¦eg, ¦āg adjective Etymology: so called from the proverbial question “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” : of, relating to, or being a cause and effect dilemma * * * adj used to describe a situation in which it is difficult … Useful english dictionary
Of course, said Mum, I m sure it ll be the best breakfast of his life.
Neznaika. info
05.02.2019 16:58:19
2018-06-14 18:24:04
Chicken-and-egg
Chicken-and-egg — ► chicken and egg (of a situation) in which each of two things appears to be necessary to the other. [ORIGIN: from the question ‘What came first, the chicken or the egg?’] Main Entry: ↑chicken … English terms dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — adjective only before noun a chicken and egg situation is one where it is impossible to say which of two things happened first or caused the other to happen … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Chicken-and-egg — [chik ənənd eg′] adj. of or relating to a paradoxical situation, question, etc. involving two factors, each of which in turn causes or leads to the other … English World dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — /chik euhn euhn eg, euhnd /, adj. of, pertaining to, or being a dilemma of which of two things came first or of which is the cause and which the effect: a chicken and egg question of whether matter or energy is the basis of the universe. Also,… … Universalium
Chicken-and-egg — ˌchik(ə̇)nən(d)¦eg, ¦āg adjective Etymology: so called from the proverbial question “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” : of, relating to, or being a cause and effect dilemma * * * adj used to describe a situation in which it is difficult … Useful english dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — UK / US adjective [only before noun] a chicken and egg situation is one where it is impossible to say which of two things happened first or caused the other to happen • Etymology: From the question: Which came first, the chicken or the egg? ,… … English dictionary
Chicken-and-egg situation — One in which it is impossible to tell which is the cause and which the effect • • • Main Entry: ↑chick … Useful english dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — denoting a situation in which each of two things appears to be necessary to the other. [from the question ‘Which came first, the chicken or the egg?’] → chicken … English new terms dictionary
Chicken-and-egg — adjective Etymology: from the proverbial question “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” Date: 1959 of, relating to, or being a cause and effect dilemma … New Collegiate Dictionary
(a) chicken and egg situation — a situation in which it is impossible to say which of two things existed first and which caused the other. It s a chicken and egg situation I don t know whether I was bad at the sciences because I wasn t interested in them or not interested in… … New idioms dictionary
(a) chicken-and-egg situation — a ˌchicken and ˈegg situation, problem, etc. idiom a situation in which it is difficult to tell which one of two things was the cause of the other Main entry: ↑chickenidiom … Useful english dictionary
4. In a swimming pool
1) are close relatives.
In an amusement park.
Dic. academic. ru
14.11.2019 3:55:32
2019-11-14 03:55:32
Источники:
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Http://dic. academic. ru/dic. nsf/eng_rus_apresyan/114327/chicken
(Image credit: RubberBall Productions via Getty Images)
You’ve heard the age-old riddle: «Which came first: the chicken or the egg?» Taken metaphorically, it’s a meditation on the futility of determining the cause of a self-perpetuating cycle. Taken literally, it’s a great question for evolutionary biologists.
Chickens come from eggs, but eggs come from chickens. So which came first?
Most biologists state unequivocally that the egg came first. At their most basic level, eggs are just female sex cells. Hard external eggs that can be laid on land (also known as amniotic eggs) were a game changer for vertebrates.
«The egg is such an important step in [vertebrate] evolution, because it allowed amniotes to go further and further away from water,» Koen Stein, a paleontologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, told Live Science. Prior to the dawn of hard-shelled eggs loaded with nutritious yolks, vertebrates had to rely on bodies of water to reproduce. Most amphibians still face this aquatic limitation — they need to keep their gelatinous eggs moist in order to survive.
Related: How do emperor penguin dads stop their eggs from freezing?
True birds didn’t show up in the fossil record until the mid- to late Jurassic, around 165 million to 150 million years ago, according to research published in the journal Current Biology (opens in new tab). But scientists think the first shelled eggs evolved long before then — around 325 million years ago, according to the University of Texas at Austin’s Biodiversity Center (opens in new tab). That means the egg came «well before the chicken,» Stein said. These very first eggs were likely malleable and leathery in texture, much like the eggs laid by today’s reptiles and platypuses.
There were plenty of land-based vertebrates laying amniotic eggs in the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods, but the most famous of these animals are the dinosaurs. Stein has studied some of the earliest known dinosaur eggshells, which come from the early Jurassic period, about 200 million years ago. These eggs had extremely thin outer shells, only about 100 microns thick. «That’s the thickness of a human hair,» Stein said. However, based on their structure, these early dinosaur eggs would have been rigid, like porcelain, rather than flexible, like a banana peel, making them the earliest known example of an egg as we know it today.
That thinness probably explains why researchers have had trouble finding earlier examples of eggshells. When an egg encounters rich, acidic soil, it begins to slowly dissolve. «The soil would have made it impossible for such a thin calcareous layer to be preserved,» Stein said. Another idea is that early dinosaur eggs were soft shelled, and so didn’t preserve well in the fossil record, according to a 2020 study published in the journal Nature (opens in new tab).
So the egg definitely predated the chicken. Case closed, right? Well, not quite. If we’re talking about the first chicken egg, the story changes.
Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) likely evolved from a subspecies of red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) around 50 million years ago. Humans living in Southeast Asia first domesticated these birds somewhere between 1650 B.C. and 1250 B.C., according to a 2022 research article published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (opens in new tab).
At some point during the domestication process, the last ancestor of modern chickens would have laid an egg containing an embryo with enough genetic differences to make it distinct from its parent species. This embryonic chicken would have developed in the not-quite-chicken egg before hatching. Then, after reaching adulthood, it would go on to lay the first proper chicken egg. In this way, the chicken could be said to predate the chicken egg.
But evolutionary history isn’t straightforward; there is evidence that chickens interbred with other subspecies of jungle fowl even after becoming their own genetically distinct subspecies. Some of these traits are more (or less) evident in certain modern chicken breeds. What’s more, chicken domestication appears to have occurred independently multiple times in parts of India and Oceania over several thousand years, according to the University of Wisconsin-Madison (opens in new tab). So determining which chicken was the original can be tricky.
Regardless of which came first, biologists and philosophers agree that chickens and eggs have something important in common: They’re both delicious.
Joanna Thompson is a science journalist and runner based in New York. She holds a B.S. in Zoology and a B.A. in Creative Writing from North Carolina State University, as well as a Master’s in Science Journalism from NYU’s Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program. Find more of her work in Scientific American, The Daily Beast, Atlas Obscura or Audubon Magazine.
The chicken or the egg — one of life’s greatest mysteries. At least, it was one of life’s greatest mysteries; it’s not anymore. On a basic level, this question deals with issues of causality (with cause and effect). The question is used to highlight instances where it is impossible to say which of two things existed first (which is the “cause” and which is the “effect”). In essence, the question goes: Chickens are hatched from eggs, so how can you have a chicken without first having an egg? But a chicken is needed in order to lay an egg that hatches into a chicken, so how can you have an egg without having a chicken?
Does your brain hurt yet? Because mine kind of does.
Many people still use this phrase to refer to instances in which problems with causality arise. For example: You need relevant experience to get a good job; you need a good job to get relevant experience. How can you get one without first having the other? Unfortunately, it seems that you can’t. You’re stuck — it’s the chicken and the egg. However, this phrase is problematic because we do know which came first. Darwin gave us the answer decades ago.
First, you need to know that, in nature, living things evolve through changes in DNA. Second, you need to know that, in a chicken, DNA from a male sperm cell and a female ovum meet and combine to form a zygote (the first cell of a new baby chicken). This means that two non-chickens mated and the DNA in their new zygote contained the mutation(s) that produced the first true chicken.
So the egg must have come first. Prior to that first true chicken egg, there were only non-chicken eggs and non-chicken animals. I also feel compelled to note that a “chicken egg” is not actually a “chicken,” so we cannot say that the two arrived at the same time.
This seems logical and straightforward. However, some scientists disagree, and argue that the chicken must have come first. The scientists found that a protein found only in a chicken’s ovaries is necessary for the formation of the chicken egg. So there was the standard non-chicken egg that was produced by a non-chicken animal. And then came the chicken, which had a mutation that enabled it to produce the standard chicken. The mutation involved a protein that speeds up the development of the hard shell, which is essential in protecting the delicate yolk and fluids while the chick grows inside the egg, the research says.
In essence, there are a few different ways to interpret the question:
1. Which came first, the chicken or (just any old) egg?
2. Which came first, the chicken or an egg laid by a chicken (a chicken egg)?
3. Which came first, the chicken or an egg containing a chicken?
The answers are:
1. The egg (species that lay eggs have been around a lot longer than chickens).
2. The chicken. That is, if a chicken egg must be laid by a chicken, then before a chicken egg can exist, there must *by definition* be a chicken around to lay it.
3. The egg, as obviously an egg containing a chicken had to come before the first chicken.
To delve more into this, and get some other interpretations, watch the video below.
So, since the issue with the chicken and the egg is solved, now we just need to adopt a new phrase that will indicate when there is an issue with causality. If you come up with one, please be sure to send it our way : )
A great video explaining how the egg came first.