The eiffel tower never fails to impress being an object текст егэ ответы - Exhelper.top

Диагностическая работа октябрь 2013 г.
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The Eiffel Tower

Tourists visiting Paris never miss its main landmark, the Eiffel Tower. The most visited monument in the world, the tower took its name after its creator, Gustave Eiffel, a talented engineer and architect. He was born in Dijon, France in 1832. His mother owned a coal business and was quite an influential figure. Due to her money, but not only, Eiffel got a very good education. In 1855 he graduated from the College of Art and Manufacturing in Paris. After graduation, Eiffel specialized in metal construction, most notably bridges. After he had gained experience, he set up his own company and designed several bridges in France and Portugal. His railway bridges were really impressive – they were cleverly designed and contributed a lot to the development of the railroads and their safety.
As his career advanced, Eiffel moved away from bridgework. In 1879 he created the dome for the astronomical observatory in Nice, France. Soon Eiffel was offered a job as an engineer for the Statue of Liberty construction. The project had been started by another famous engineer, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who unexpectedly died in 1879. Eiffel created a new support system for the statue, developed its iron construction, and successfully completed the project. The Statue of Liberty was first constructed in Paris to make sure there were no faults. Then it was taken to pieces and delivered to America as a gift from the French nation.
Gustave Eiffel had a brilliant portfolio of outstanding constructions, however, he is best known for the Eiffel Tower. Located in Paris, it became the symbol of the city that inspires love and romance.
The Eiffel Tower was built for the Universal Exhibition of 1889. It remained the highest construction for forty years. To get to the top, visitors can either use the staircase or go by the elevator. Naturally, there are many adventurers who try to get to the top without any elevator. Mind that the number of the steps from the ground level to the platform on the top is 1710!
The tower of 324 metres high was constructed in record time – in 2 years, 2 months and 5 days. Surprisingly, when it was built, it was not well-received by the French. They considered it vulgar and extreme and said it spoiled the romantic image of the city. It should also be mentioned that at first the Eiffel Tower was meant as a temporary structure – it was scheduled to be turned down in 1909.
Luckily, it never happened. People all over the world fell in love with the tower that provides a bird’s eye view of the city.

Инструкция

Источник

The Eiffel tower is a metal construction located in the center of Paris. It is considered to be the most recognizable architectural landmark of the city and a whole country. The tower is named after its chief designer Gustave Eiffel, but Eiffel called it just «a 300-meter tower».

Today the tower is used as a TV and radio station. Tickets to visit the place can be bought on the Internet, but a long queue can not be avoided. Queues on the Elevator may be avoided by climbing on foot-1792 steps. But it costs about 5 euros. Here visitors can even reserve a table in a very expensive restaurant «Jules Verne».

The majority of tourists admire it. Even after 120 years, it remains the tallest structure in Paris and the fifth highest in France. Despite its majestic size, its total weight does not exceed 10 thousand tons.

Despite the fact that the tower is considered to be a symbol of the city, the French have a very ambiguous reaction on it. Many Parisians do not think it is a beautiful construction. It was planned to be destroyed, but then was used to get radio and TV signals.

Перевод

Эйфелева башня — металлическая конструкция, расположенная в центре Парижа. Она считается самой узнаваемой архитектурной достопримечательностью города и всей страны. Башня названа в честь своего главного конструктора Гюстава Эйфеля, но Эйфель называл ее просто «300-метровой башней».

Сегодня она используется как теле-и радиостанция. Билеты на посещение достопримечательности можно купить в интернете, но длинной очереди избежать не удастся. Очередей на лифт можно пропустить, поднявшись пешком по 1792 ступеням. Но это стоит около 5 евро. Здесь посетители могут даже зарезервировать столик в очень дорогом ресторане «Жюль Верн».

Большинство туристов восхищаются ею. Даже спустя 120 лет она остается самой высокой конструкцией в Париже и пятой по высоте во всей Франции. Несмотря на свои величественные размеры, ее общий вес не превышает 10 тысяч тонн.

Несмотря на то, что башня считается символом города, у французов она вызывает не очень однозначная реакцию. Многие парижане не считают ее красивым сооружением. Ей планировали разрушить, но затем стали использовать для получения радио-и телевизионных сигналов.

The Eiffel Tower (la Tour Eiffel) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the River Seine in Paris, France. It is the tallest structure in Paris, the fifth-tallest structure in France and possibly the most recognized monument in Europe. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, it is the most visited monument in the world. Including the 24 m (78.7 ft) antenna, the structure is 324 m (1063 ft) high (since 2000). In 1902, it was struck by lightning, which meant that 300 feet of the top had to be reconstructed and the lights illuminating the tower had to be replaced, as they were damaged by the high energy of the lightning. The structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7300 tons. There are 1660 steps (360 to the first level, another 359 to the second). It is not possible for the public to reach the summit via the stairs, lifts are required beyond the second platform. Lift tickets may be purchased at the base or either platform. Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50-60 tons of three graded tones of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. On occasion, the color of the paint is changed — the tower is currently painted a shade of brownish-gray. However, the tower is actually painted three different colors in order to make it look the same color. The colors change from dark to light from top to bottom, but it looks the same because of the background (the sky being light and the ground being dark). On the first floor, there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the color to use for a future session of painting. The co-architects of the Eiffel Tower are Emile Naugier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre.

The structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle, a World’s Fair marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution. Eiffel originally planned to build it in Barcelona, for the Universal Exposition of 1888, but they rejected it. The tower was inaugurated on 31 March, 1889, and opened on 6 May. Three hundred workers joined together 18,038 pieces of puddled iron (a very pure form of structural iron). The risk of accident was great, for unlike modern skyscrapers the tower is an open frame without any intermediate floors except the two platforms. Yet because Eiffel took safety precautions including use of movable stagings, guard-rails and screens, only one man died, during the installation of its elevator’s lifts. The tower was met with resistance from the public when it was built, with many calling it an eyesore. Novelist Guy de Maupassant — who claimed to hate the tower — supposedly ate lunch at the Tower’s restaurant every day. When asked why, he answered that it was the one place in Paris where you couldn’t see the Tower.

Today, it is widely considered to be a striking piece of structural art. One of the great Hollywood movie cliches is that the view from a Parisian window always includes the tower. In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to a few stories, only the very few taller buildings have a clear view of the tower. Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years, meaning it would have had to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. The City had planned to tear it down (part of the original contest rules for designing a tower was that it could be easily demolished) but as the tower proved valuable for communication purposes, it was allowed to remain after the expiry of the permit. The military used it to dispatch Parisian taxis to the front line of the Marne, and it therefore became a victory statue of that battle. It was also used to catch the infamous «Mata Hari», and after this, its demolition became unthinkable.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the tower has been used for radio transmission. During the German occupation of Paris between 1940 and 1944 the tower was also used for German television broadcasts, which were apparently intended mostly for wounded German soldiers in local military hospitals. Since 1957, the tower has been used for transmission of FM radio and television. The tower has two restaurants: Altitude 95, on the first floor (95m above sea level); and the Jules Verne, an expensive gastronomical restaurant on the second floor, with a private lift.

Images of the tower have long been in the public domain; however, in 2003 SNTE installed a new lighting display on the tower. The effect was to put any night-time image of the tower and its lighting display under copyright. As a result, it was no longer legal to publish contemporary photographs of the tower at night without permission in some countries.

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Translations in the Lingvo dictionaries

This imposing, majestic cathedral is an object of pride for local residents, as well as a popular destination for visitors from other parts of Georgia, tourists and pilgrims.Этот большой и величественный собор является предметом гордости местных жителей и популярным местом для посещения среди …

She was an object of worship and rather passive — the stereotypical ideal of Victorian womanhood.она была объектом поклонения, притом достаточно пассивным—общепризнанный идеал викторианской женственности

an object of unknown purpose made of a small plank/ small boardпредмет непонятного назначения , сделанный из дощечки

The book you’ve read before that never fails to make you smileТа книга, которую ты прочел до этого и которая неизменно вызывает у тебя улыбку

a book you’ve read before that never fails to make you smileкнига, которую ты прочитал раньше, и которая всегда вызывает у тебя улыбку

am I an object of your desireя желанная?

ofуказывает на

theопределённый артикль

toместные и пространственные значения

failing toнеспособность

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It had to be big  — Louis’s court had 20,000 people, and Versailles _____________ the centre of court life.

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In 1896, Said Khalid seized power in Zanzibar. A British fleet soon arrived at the port of Zanzibar and ordered him out of the royal palace. Khalid refused to leave. At 9:02 on the morning of August 27, British ships started a fire on the palace, a war between Britain and Zanzibar__________.

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The British ____________ requested money from the people of Zanzibar to pay for the shells the British warships had used to win the war.

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A palace with 1,300 rooms

It was King Louis XIV of France who ordered a palace with 1,300 rooms in the 1600s. Louis wanted a bigger palace than any other king. In 1661, the French started ____________ this new palace.

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When was the parachute invented?

Have you ever felt like jumping out of a plane? Plenty of people have, but _____________ most of them did it after parachutes had been invented.

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Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over 100 ___________ that illustrated his theories on flight.

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In 1783, around the same time as the first hot-air balloon, Sebastien Lenormand invented a parachute, which he demonstrated by jumping from a tree, but it was only four meters high. A few years later, having refined his design, he B14 made a ____________ jump from a taller tower.

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In 1785, Jean Pierre Blanchard used a dog to test his parachute design. The dog was fine, and so was Blanchard when he used the parachute in 1793 to escape a balloon accident. These early parachutes didn’t catch on because there weren’t any flying machines around to make them ___________ useful.

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The invention of airplanes has made parachutes important. Since then, their ___________ has been proved many times.