Описание заданий 12—18
В заданиях 12—18 (высокого уровня сложности) надо прочитать более сложный, чем в предыдущих заданиях, текст и выбрать правильный ответ из четырёх предложенных. Даётся семь вопросов и к каждому — четыре варианта ответа, из которых только один является правильным. Эти семь вопросов могут иметь вид незаконченных утверждений, к которым надо выбрать завершение, соответствующее содержанию текста. Так проверяется полное понимание текста. За каждый правильный ответ вы получаете 1 балл. Максимум за успешное выполнение этого задания — 7 баллов.
Стратегии выполнения заданий 12—18
Алгоритм выполнения заданий 12—18 раздела “Чтение” близок к алгоритму выполнения задания 3 раздела “Аудирование”.
Здесь проверяется полное и детальное понимание текста. Некоторые вопросы могут проверять понимание ДЕТАЛЕЙ и могут быть связаны с конкретным отрезком текста, другие — понимание ВСЕГО ТЕКСТА, понимание мыслей и намерений автора и могут быть не связаны с конкретным отрезком текста. Как правило, такие вопросы (один—два) даются последними.
Эти задания наиболее трудные в разделе “Чтение”, поэтому если сам текст или задания вам кажутся слишком сложными, а время, уже затраченное на выполнение заданий этого раздела, приближается к 30 минутам, НЕ ВЫПОЛНЯЙТЕ эти задания и ПЕРЕЙДИТЕ к следующему разделу — “Грамматика и лексика”. Когда вы выполните остальные задания, можете вернуться к пропущенным вопросам. Даже если вы к ним не вернётесь, вы потеряете только 7 баллов. Если вы не выполните остальные задания экзаменационной работы, вы потеряете гораздо больше.
1. Ознакомьтесь с общим содержанием текста, постарайтесь уловить развитие сюжета или развитие мысли автора. Не пугайтесь незнакомых слов и длинных сложных предложений. НЕ ЧИТАЙТЕ текст ЕЩЁ РАЗ, прежде чем вы поработаете с тестовыми вопросами.
2. Как и в других заданиях, предложенные вам тестовые вопросы обычно идут в том же порядке, что и информация в тексте. В конце задания могут быть вопросы более общего характера. Отвечая на них, надо подумать обо всём тексте в целом.
3. Просмотрите все тестовые вопросы к данному тексту. При этом не читайте альтернативные ответы (концовки предложений) 1—4. Закройте их ручкой, листочком бумаги или рукой. Читайте ТОЛЬКО сам вопрос или начало предложения, концовку которого вам надо выбрать. Просмотрев таким образом все вопросы и составив о них представление, начинайте работать с ними по порядку.
4. Прочитав первый вопрос, подумайте, есть ли у вас ответ на основе прочитанного текста. Откройте и прочитайте первый предложенный вам ответ — это то, о чём вы подумали?
5. Перечитайте первый вопрос, откройте и прочитайте второй альтернативный ответ, затем — третий и четвёртый. Если вы явно отдаёте предпочтение одному из этих ответов, определите, к какой части текста относится вопрос, и ищите там подтверждение своему выбору. Если вы не можете сделать выбор, перейдите ко второму этапу.
6. Сосредоточьтесь на альтернативных ответах (концовках предложений) 1—4. Определите, что их роднит, а что различает: они могут быть очень похожи, но иметь одно различие. Эту деталь и надо найти в тексте и выбрать нужную формулировку в ответах.
7. Помните, что если два альтернативных ответа совпадают по смыслу (синонимичны), ни один из них не может быть правильным.
8. Когда вы обращаетесь к тексту, чтобы проверить свой ответ, читайте только тот отрезок текста, который вам для этого необходим. Обдумывая свой выбор, сконцентрируйтесь на нём, отвлекитесь от текста, не пытайтесь одновременно читать ещё какую-то его часть.
9. Закончив работу над всеми вопросами к данному тексту, прочитайте выбранные вами ответы — все подряд. Проверьте, нет ли в выбранных ответах нарушений логики, складываются ли они в логическую картинку и не противоречат ли исходному тексту.
10. После выполнения всех заданий раздела “Чтение” не забудьте перенести ваши ответы в бланк ответов № 1.
Учимся выполнять задания 12—18
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS).
The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.
We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.
12. What problem is raised in the article?
1) Cooperation in space.
2) Threats of climate change.
3) Danger of drinking salt water.
4) Lack of water supplies on Earth.
Ответ: [ ]
13. According to the author, the information published in the US Geological Survey is meant to …
1) assure the nation that there is still enough of usable water.
2) help to monitor the state of the country’s water resources.
3) demonstrate the quality of water the nation uses.
4) warn the public about the dangers of water pollution.
Ответ: [ ]
14. The author thinks that outer space …
1) is dangerous because of asteroids.
2) is a source of important supplies.
3) is not studied properly.
4) should be colonized.
Ответ: [ ]
15. According to the author, the space water sources may be used for …
1) fuel production.
2) water supplies for spaceships.
3) moon exploration.
4) the production of electricity.
Ответ: [ ]
16. The Google and Microsoft (paragraph 9) are mentioned to …
1) explain how Planetary Resources Inc. became famous.
2) prove that asteroids can be commercially attractive.
3) show that space research is important for computer science.
4) prove that asteroids can interfere with the Internet.
Ответ: [ ]
17. The expression “put the gears in motion” in “… it is wise to put the gears in motion now” (paragraph 9) means …
1) “to explore”.
2) “to begin”.
3) “to move”.
4) “to invest”.
Ответ: [ ]
18. What idea is stressed in the last two paragraphs?
1) There is room for further achievements in space exploration.
2) Asteroids are unique objects for scientific research.
3) Only smart administration can manage space programs.
4) International Space Station is the heaviest object in space.
Ответ: [ ]
Разбор заданий 12—18
ШАГ 1. Знакомимся с заданиями 12—18 раздела “Чтение”. Внимательно изучаем инструкцию к заданиям 12—18. Стараемся понять, что необходимо сделать в этих заданиях.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
В заданиях 12—18 предлагается текст для чтения и вопросы с четырьмя вариантами ответа, из которых нужно выбрать один правильный. Подобный формат задания уже разбирался в разделе “Аудирование”. Разница между заданиями 12—18 и заданиями по аудированию 3—9 состоит только в следующем:
• в первом случае даётся письменный, а не устный текст, и его можно прочитать несколько раз;
• в аудировании тест множественного выбора включал три варианта ответа, в чтении — четыре варианта ответа.
Задача экзаменуемого — понять все детали текста и его общий смысл и правильно ответить на поставленные вопросы, выбрав правильный ответ из четырёх предложенных вариантов ответа, либо завершить утверждение с помощью одного из четырёх вариантов ответа. Таким образом, задания 3—9 и 12—18 требуют одинаковых стратегий выполнения. Эти задания относятся к высокому уровню сложности и значительно сложнее, чем предыдущие задания в этих же разделах.
Данные задания направлены на полное и детальное понимание информации в письменном тексте, в них проверяются следующие умения:
• точно и полно понимать всю информацию и детали;
• понимать текст на уровне значения и на уровне смысла;
• понимать информацию, данную имплицитно, т. е. в неявном виде; понимать подтекст.
ШАГ 2. Знакомимся с общим содержанием текста. Стараемся уловить развитие сюжета или развитие мысли автора. Не пугайтесь незнакомых слов и длинных сложных предложений. НЕ ЧИТАЙТЕ текст ЕЩЁ РАЗ, прежде чем вы поработаете с тестовыми вопросами.
ШАГ 3. Изучаем письменные утверждения/вопросы 12—18. Пытаемся понять смысл утверждений/ вопросов, чтобы определить, какая информация потребуется для решения поставленной задачи. Определяем, что для решения поставленной задачи необходимо понять информацию, представленную как эксплицитно (в явном виде), так и имплицитно (в неявном виде, скрыто, в подтексте).
ШАГ 4. Выполняем задание 12. Быстро просматриваем утверждение 12, а затем бегло читаем первый фрагмент статьи.
Вопрос 12 выглядит следующим образом:
12. What problem is raised in the article?
1) Cooperation in space.
2) Threats of climate change.
3) Danger of drinking salt water.
4) Lack of water supplies on Earth.
Ответ: [ ]
Данный вопрос проверяет понимание общего смысла абзаца. Соотносим вопрос с тем фрагментом текста, который к нему относится.
Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.
Анализ текста показывает, что уже сам заголовок частично даёт нам ответ на вопрос о том, какой проблеме посвящён текст, так как обычно в заголовке отражена основная идея текста или его тема. Из заголовка узнаём, что речь идёт о проблемах с водой, которые могут быть решены с помощью космоса. Поэтому первые два варианта ответа нам не подходят. Но какой же проблеме с водой посвящён текст? В первом абзаце речь идёт об опасности пить солёную воду, но уже второй абзац свидетельствует, что дело не в этом (смотри ключевые слова и фразы, выделенные шрифтом). Так что третий вариант тоже не подходит. В тексте сказано, что пресной воды мало, так как только одна треть ресурсов может быть использована для человеческих нужд, да и эти ресурсы уменьшаются. Таким образом, верен четвёртый вариант ответа — Lack of water supplies on Earth.
ШАГ 5. Переходим к следующему заданию. Рассмотрим задание 13. Будем действовать по той же схеме. Просмотрим утверждения, выделим ключевые слова в тексте.
13. According to the author, the information published in the US Geological Survey is meant to …
1) assure the nation that there is still enough of usable water.
2) help to monitor the state of the country’s water resources.
3) demonstrate the quality of water the nation uses.
4) warn the public about the dangers of water pollution.
Ответ: [ ]
Возьмём тот же абзац. Ранее мы уже выделили ключевые слова в тексте, теперь попробуем соотнести их с вариантами ответа.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.
Рассмотрим первый вариант ответа. Ключевыми в нём являются слова assure и there is still enough of usable water, которые вступают в противоречие со сказанным в тексте, что только 1/3 пресной воды пригодна для использования людьми. Можно также соотнести слово assure с предложением о миссии предпринятого исследования mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources. Анализ текста показывает, что в задачи исследования не входило кого-то заверять или убеждать в чём-то, учёные должны были собрать и распространить надёжную и своевременную информацию о водных ресурсах. Отсюда первый вариант не подходит. Не подходят и третий и четвёртый варианты, так как основная миссия — сбора информации и её распространения — согласуется только со словом monitor, которое является обобщённым словом, содержащим понятия collect anddisseminate. Можно найти ключевое слово monitor в тестовом задании, которое точно соответствует содержанию текста только во втором варианте ответа. Следовательно, второй ответ верен.
ШАГ 6. Рассматриваем задание 14. Просмотрим его с вариантами ответа, а потом проанализируем текст.
14. The author thinks that outer space …
1) is dangerous because of asteroids.
2) is a source of important supplies.
3) is not studied properly.
4) should be colonized.
Ответ: [ ]
Ещё раз обратим внимание на то, что во всех заданиях порядок вопросов соответствует порядку, в котором информация появляется в тексте. Возьмем следующие абзацы и выделим в них ключевые слова, которые помогут понять смысл текста и соотнести его с тестовым заданием.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones.Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
Рассмотрим первый вариант ответа. Соответствует ли его смысл тексту? Нет, не соответствует. В тексте упоминаются астероиды, но ничего не говорится об опасности, которую они могут нести: этот вариант не подходит. Рассмотрим второй вариант ответа: он подходит. Во втором абзаце мы находим ключевые слова, которые указывают на то, что это правильный ответ. К ним можноотнести последнее предложение во втором абзаце текста, а именно: What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water… В следующем, третьем, абзаце автор развивает тезис о реальности разрабатывать полезные ресурсы и пополнять их запасы из космоса, говоря о внеземном происхождении металла, и подкрепляет свою мысль предложением Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface. Слова water and metals конкретизируют понятия important supplies, vital resources. В этом случае нам подходит второй ответ.
Проверим себя. Может ли подойти третий вариант? Нет, так как в тексте ничего не сказано о качестве изучения космоса. Четвёртый вариант тоже не подходит, так как во втором абзацерассматриваемой части текста говорится: I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet…
ШАГ 7. Рассматриваем задание 15. Читаем тестовое задание и варианты ответа на него.
15. According to the author, the space water sources may be used for …
1) fuel production.
2) water supplies for spaceships.
3) moon exploration.
4) the production of electricity.
Ответ: [ ]
Проанализируем следующий абзац и выделим в нём ключевые слова, которые помогут нам выбрать правильный ответ.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Анализ текста показывает, что уже первый вариант ответа нас устраивает. Почему? Первое и последнее предложения абзаца содержат информацию, которая прямо указывает на верность первого варианта ответа, потому что в данном отрывке текста речь идёт о возможном способе получения горючего для космических кораблей. Что касается вариантов 2, 3 и 4 — они не подходят по смыслу, хотя в тексте есть слова, отвлекающие от правильного ответа, такие, как moon, electric current, но они использованы в другом контексте.
ШАГ 8. Рассматриваем задание 16. Как и ранее, вначале изучаем само задание и варианты ответов к нему.
16. The Google and Microsoft (paragraph 9) are mentioned to …
1) explain how Planetary Resources Inc. became famous.
2) prove that asteroids can be commercially attractive.
3) show that space research is important for computer science.
4) prove that asteroids can interfere with the Internet.
Ответ: [ ]
Затем обратимся к следующему абзацу и выделим в нём ключевые слова.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.
Рассмотрим первый вариант ответа. Он не подходит: компания привлекла Гугл и Майкрософт, но стала ли от этого знаменитой, в тексте не сказано. Подойдёт ли по смыслу второй ответ? Да, подойдёт. Словосочетание commercially attractive передаёт тот же смысл, что и to invest … for material gain. Варианты 3 и 4 не подходят, так как в данном абзаце ничего не сказано о том, что космические исследования важны для компьютерной науки или что астероиды мешают работе Интернета.
ШАГ 9. Рассматриваем задание 17 и варианты ответа на него.
17. The expression “put the gears in motion” in “… it is wise to put the gears in motion now” (paragraph 9) means …
1) “to explore”
2) “to begin”.
3) “to move”.
4) “to invest”.
Ответ: [ ]
Теперь просмотрим текст того же абзаца, который мы уже читали при анализе предыдущего задания. Здесь мы встречаемся с идиоматическим выражением put the gears in motion, что соответствует русскому “запустить машину”, т. е. “что-то начать”. Анализ вариантов показывает, что только ответ 2 содержит глагол “начинать, начать”. Следовательно, правильный ответ — 2.
ШАГ 10. Рассматриваем последнее задание 18 и варианты ответов на него.
18. What idea is stressed in the last two paragraphs?
1) There is room for further achievements in space exploration.
2) Asteroids are unique objects for scientific research.
3) Only smart administration can manage space programs.
4) International Space Station is the heaviest object in space.
Ответ: [ ]
ШАГ 11. Теперь читаем окончание текста и выделяем в нём ключевые слова, которые помогают ориентироваться в смысле текста.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.
We can make a half-miilion-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.
Проанализируем варианты и соотнесём их с текстом. Первый вариант There is room for further achievements in space exploration нам подходит. Слово room используется в значении “место, пространство”, и вариант в переводе звучит как “есть место для дальнейших достижений в исследовании космоса”. Это и есть основная идея последних двух абзацев. Смысл приведённых примеров в абзаце (что можно сделать в будущем в космосе) доказывает этот тезис. Вариант 2 не может быть правильным, так как в тексте говорится об исследовании не только астероидов, но и Луны. Третий вариант тоже не подходит, так как NASA хотя и упоминается, но в другом контексте. Четвёртый вариант не подходит, так как космическая станция хотя и упоминается, но, во-первых, в тексте не сказано, что это самый тяжёлый объект в космосе, а во-вторых, что более важно, станция упоминается в тексте как один из примеров того, что можно сделать в будущем. Важен вывод на основе приведённых примеров, а он есть только в ответе 1.
Типичные ошибки при выполнении заданий 12—18
Экзаменуемые:
• неправильно выделяют ключевые слова;
• не понимают смысл прочитанного текста;
• неправильно определяют временную и причинно-следственную взаимосвязь событий;
• выбирают вариант ответа только потому, что те же слова есть в тексте, и забывают, что верный ответ, как правило, перефразирован, т. е. опираются в выборе ответа на слова, а не на смысл;
• не понимают имплицитно выраженную (данную в неявном виде) информацию.
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 12—18
1. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Какова цель заданий 12—18?
2. Какой уровень сложности заданий 12—18?
3. Какие ключевые умения проверяют задания 12—18?
4. Какой вид теста используется для заданий 12—18?
5. Какой тип текста используется для заданий 12—18?
6. Сколько баллов можно получить за задания 12—18?
2. Прочитайте текст. Выделите основную информацию, второстепенную информацию и детали. Заполните таблицу.
Game theory
An 11-year-old boy taps furiously on a laptop, blasting enemies as he goes through a maze. They wipe him out before he can reach the end — game over. Frustrated, he opens the game’s programming window, changes the gravity setting, and this time beats the baddies. Victory!
This could be the future of American education, and that’s not necessarily a bad thing. The Quest to Learn school opened last September in Manhattan, welcoming the first class of sixth-graders who will learn almost entirely through videogame-inspired activities, an educational strategy designed to keep kids engaged and prepare them for high-tech careers.
|
Основная информация |
Второстепенная информация |
Детали |
3. Прочитайте текст из предыдущего задания. Задайте по два вопроса по основной информации, по второстепенной информации и к деталям.
4. Прочитайте текст и вопросы предыдущих двух заданий. Попросите вашего одноклассника ответить на ваши вопросы.
5. Прочитайте тестовый вопрос в форме незаконченного предложения, найдите соответствие во фрагменте и подчеркните его. Затем прочитайте задание с предложенными вариантами ответа и выберите правильный.
(1) At the beginning of the article the author says that it used to be polite in Britain to …
For the British, it’s a well-known social law that in several, if not most, public spaces, silence is key. Those who dare speak in a London tube carriage, particularly during rush hours, are condemned to receive dirty looks from other passengers for the duration of their journey.
At the beginning of the article the author says that it used to be polite in Britain to…
1) keep silence in public places.
2) sneeze in public places.
3) avoid looking at people.
4) talk while travelling.
Ответ: [ ]
(2) Chatting is compared to a physical exercise because the author thinks it is …
Chit-chat is rather like going to the gym — arduous at first, but afterwards you’re pleased you made the effort. However, a sudden and excessive interest in any technology we have on our person gives those around us the impression that it’s them we want to avoid, not the “er …” that may result from wondering what to say next.
Chatting is compared to a physical exercise because the author thinks it is …
1) enhanced by technology.
2) a rewarding experience.
3) an exercise for your brain.
4) impressive for people around. 6
Ответ: [ ]
6. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Ever since Pong, videogames have outperformed teachers in one key way: they command attention for hours. “Games are exceptionally good at engaging kids,” says Quest’s main designer Katie Salen, a game designer and technology professor at the New School University. “They drop kids into complex problems where they fail and fail, but they try again and again.” She knew, though, that when kids face tough problems in school, they sometimes just give up, which is partly why only a third of eighth-graders earn “proficient” math scores on national assessment tests.
13. According to the text, videogames outperform teachers at …
1) preparing students for standardized tests.
2) keeping students’ attention.
Ответ: [ ]
14. The word “they” in “They drop kids into complex problems …” (paragraph 3) refers to …
1) students.
2) games.
Ответ: [ ]
7. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
With this in mind, three years ago Salen started the Institute of Play, a nonprofit collaboration of game designers and learning experts who create games to teach school material. After successful tests in city classrooms, the group worked with the New York City Department of Education to open Quest to Learn.
This year’s 72-student class is split into four groups that rotate through five courses during the day: Codeworlds (math/English), Being, Space and Place (social studies/ English), The Way Things Work (math/science), Sports for the Mind (game design), and Wellness (health/PE). Instead of slogging through problem sets, students learn collaboratively in group projects that require an understanding of subjects in the New York State curriculum. The school’s model draws on 30 years of research showing that people learn best when they’re in a social context that puts new knowledge to use. Kids learn more by, say, pretending to be Spartan spies gathering intel on Athens than by memorizing facts about ancient Greece.
15. Which of the following statements about studying at Quest to Learn is NOT true, according to paragraph 5?
1) At Quest to Learn students study four main subjects.
2) Group work is one of the main forms of learning.
3) Its curriculum is based on the New York State curriculum.
Ответ: [ ]
16. In paragraph 5, the task to gather information on Athens (“Kids learn more …”) is probably an example of how students study …
1) English.
2) game design.
3) history.
Ответ: [ ]
8. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Most sixth-graders don’t expect to ever need to identify integers, but at Quest, it’s the key to a code-breaking game. In another class, when creatures called Troggles needed help moving heavy objects the class made a video instructing how long a ramp they should build to minimize the force they needed to apply. “They’re picking concepts up as well as, if not better than, at other schools,” says Quest’s math and science teacher Ameer Mourad. Beyond make-believe, Quest is the first middle school to teach videogame design. Salen says building games teaches students about complex systems, which will prepare them for growing fields such as bioinformatics.
The plan is for this class to attend Quest through high school, adding more sixth- graders every year. Although students must pass the annual standardized tests that all public students do to keep a school open, educators so far are impressed.
Salen has pilot studies to back up that risk; however, she won’t know if the school prepares kids for real-world success until the first class graduates. But Quest has already proved itself in one area: the kids love it. “It’s fun,” says student Nadine Clements. Her least favourite part of school? “Dismissal.”
17. According to Katie Salen, learning to design video games…
1) teaches students to use their imagination.
2) prepares students for their future careers.
3) helps students to make video instructions.
4) motivates students to study bioinformatics.
Ответ: [ ]
18. According to the writer, how well Quest to Learn prepares students for the real life will be known …
1) after students pass their end-of-the-year tests.
2) when new students start the school.
3) after the graduation of the first class of students.
4) when educators and government have approved it.
Ответ: [ ]
9. Прочитайте следующие фрагменты текста и выберите правильные ответы.
1. Whether you’re a first-grader proud of the fact you survived your first year of full-day education or a grad student desperate for a study break, summer vacation means one thing to everybody: sleeping in on weekday mornings. There is no alarm to hit at 6:30 and no bus to chase after. And while days might be filled with summer jobs and day camp, those never seem to start quite as early.
What does the author like about summer holidays?
1) She works at a day camp.
2) She can have a summer job.
3) She has no school.
4) She does not have to get up early.
Ответ: [ ]
2. So why is there a conspiracy working against students the minute the final bell rings and the last exam is turned in? And the culprit is visible in any given apartment complex, condo community or public park: landscapers.
I have lived in many towns and in homes of different shapes and sizes in my short, 23 years on Earth. And yet, no matter where I call home, I am faced with the same hardship: trying to sleep in on lazy, summer mornings while the lawn mowers are hard at work on public and private yards.
What is the author complaining about mentioning the landscapers?
1) The quality of their work.
2) The noise they make.
3) The plants they tend to.
4) The size of the yards.
Ответ: [ ]
3. The townhouse neighborhood I called home when I was a little girl was a jam-packed street. We had more than 250 houses on my block alone. One of the things my mom loved about that house was its tiny yard.
My mother does not have a green bone in her body. She has killed every herb garden my sister and I have ever given her. So my mother was thrilled that our front yard was the size of a postage stamp. It, like every other yard on the block, only needed to be trimmed once a month to look good. And yet, every Monday and Thursday at 7:30 a.m., the city-contracted landscaping team would drive down our street and unload two or three industrial mowers and go to work on the little patches of public grass around mail boxes and trees.
The phrase “does not have a green bone in her body” in paragraph 5 (“My mother does not have a green bone in her body”) is closest in meaning to …
1) “is not good at gardening”.
2) “does not eat greens”.
3) “does not look after her garden”.
4) “hates planting flowers”.
Ответ: [ ]
*10. Составьте вопрос с четырьмя ответами к следующему фрагменту. и выделите правильный вариант. I
I am not so selfish that I don’t understand why mowers work in the morning. Landscapers have multiple customers to serve on any given day, and the earlier they start the earlier they can be done. Plus, it is cooler in the morning, and preferable, rather than at noon when the sun is high in the sky. But students work hard all year and look forward to a break from books, tests and alarm clocks.
So, in order to find a common ground between landscapers and students, I send this challenge out into the universe: whoever can build a silent lawn mower will get my undying gratitude, love and affection and whatever else they want, I promise!
Полезные советы
• Помните, что в неверном варианте ответа могут быть использованы те же слова и упомянуты те же события/явления, что и в тексте.
• Обращайте внимание на мелкие детали: неверные ответы могут содержать иную грамматическую форму или незначительно измененную информацию.
• Если вы не уверены, что выбранный вами вариант ответа правильный, определите те варианты, которые явно являются неправильными и вычеркните их. Если у вас остаётся выбор из двух вариантов, то положитесь на интуицию и выберите ответ.
Как увеличить эффективность и скорость чтения
Потренируйтесь в применении этих приёмов в ходе подготовки к экзамену
• Используйте карандаш во время чтения. Это помогает тренировать глаза.
• Читайте только те слова, которые несут смысл: существительные, глаголы, прилагательные, местоимения, наречия. Не обращайте внимания на артикли, предлоги, союзы, междометия. Подчеркните существительные и глаголы, затем прочитайте их опять. Практикуйтесь до тех пор, пока вы автоматически не будете читать только слова, несущие смысл. К словам, несущим смысл, относятся также имена собственные, даты, отрицания.
• Прочитайте текст, обращая внимание только на структуру предложения: подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение. Игнорируйте определения и обстоятельства образа действия.
• Не вчитываясь в детали, отметьте карандашом связующие слова, например “с одной стороны”, “подводя итог”, “однако” и т. д. Практикуйтесь до тех пор, пока вы при чтении абзаца не будете видеть связующие слова автоматически.
• Прочитайте текст, обращая внимание на союзы в предложениях, определите их роль для понимания текста.
• Прочитайте текст быстро, обращая внимание на отрицания. Они могут быть выражены как грамматически, так и лексически. Отрицания играют большую роль в понимании смысла текста. Невнимание к ним может привести к ошибкам.
• Прочитайте только первые фразы каждого абзаца, они дают общее представление о содержании текста.
• Прочитайте только последнюю фразу каждого абзаца. Определите, помогает ли она вам спрогнозировать содержание следующего абзаца.
• Прочитайте текст, игнорируя незнакомые слова. Если вы останавливаетесь на словах, которых не знаете, это замедляет скорость чтения.
• Прочитайте весь текст, обращая внимание только на глаголы. Это поможет вам понять, меняется ли содержание текста. Более того, глаголы обычно вводят новую информацию в предложение.
• Закройте левую или правую часть текста, пробегите глазами оставшийся для обзора текст, попытайтесь уловить основную идею текста.
• Прочитайте предложение быстро слева направо. Когда вы научитесь читать его довольно быстро, попытайтесь прочитать его с той же скоростью справа налево и опять слева направо и т. д.
• Каждое предложение текста обычно содержит информацию, которая относится к предыдущему предложению (начало предложения), и новую информацию (конец предложения). Прочитайте быстро только концы предложений абзаца. Можете ли вы определить новую информацию?
• С помощью карандаша, который находится всё время в центре текста и передвигается по вертикали текста, заставьте свои глаза двигаться быстро по вертикали по каждую сторону от карандаша.
• Быстро пробегите глазами текст, сначала по вертикали, затем по диагонали. Сделайте так несколько раз.
• Пробегите глазами текст в разных направлениях: снизу вверх, сверху вниз, по диагонали, вертикали, горизонтали. Время от времени останавливайтесь, а затем вновь читайте. Это поможет вам не читать каждое слово отдельно, а вначале воспринимать текст блоками (абзацами), и затем как единую структуру (целостный текст).
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 12—18
Вариант 1
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
From the history of social networks
The history of social networks goes back to cavemen who posted up on their walls the best places to hunt and gather and shared what types of tools were good for different things. Speaking about modern times, reaching people around the world with a click is not a dream anymore, and it is an essential part of our daily life.
We could say that 1971, when the first e-mail was sent, is the starting point of this new way of communication. Qwertyuiop was the first text sent with an e-mail, it is usually the top line of a keyboard and the longest word you can make out of it is “typewriter”. We may wonder if it could be a peculiar coincidence. In 1978, BBS exchanged data over phone lines. BBS — the Bulletin Board System was a computer system running software that allowed users to connect and log in to the system using a special programme. Once logged in, a user could perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users personally or publicly. Originally they were accessed only over a phone line using a modem. Bulletin Board Systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social network services and other aspects of the Internet.
As the next step, in 1994 GEOCITIES was founded. It is one of the first social networking sites. In its original form, site users selected a “city” in which to place their web pages. The cities were named after the real ones or other regions according to their content (computer related sites were placed in Silicon Valley and entertainment sites were assigned to Hollywood). Later, the platform created streets, avenues and even separate buildings as the information there got more specific.
The year 1997 marked the appearance of AOL instant messenger and Sixdegrees.com. The latter was a social network website that lasted four years. It allowed users to list friends, family members and users while external contacts were invited to join the site. It was first manifestation of social networking websites as we know them today, especially because with it instant messaging programmes were gaining more and more popularity among web users who started to get used to personal profile creations and listing friends.
At the beginning of our century Friendster was launched, with a user-base growing up to 3 million people within the first three months of its existence. Friendster has become especially popular in Southeast Asia and even today it is a major site in that region of the world. The service allowed users to share online content and media with their contacts. The website was also used for dating, discovering new events, bands and hobbies. Users could share videos, photos, messages and comments with other members via their profile and network. Since then numerous clones of this site have appeared, including MySpace and certainly Facebook, opened to any aged 13 or more with a valid mailing address.
We have all witnessed how far social networking has seeped into our daily life, with news broadcasters calling Tweet views or appointments being made over Linkedln. Examining the fascinating history of social media leads to just one conclusion — unpredictability will continue to reign. No one can possibly foretell which platforms will stay in favour and which ones will be rejected and when the next breakthrough will happen, particularly when the social networks themselves have become such influential brands.
12. What idea is NOT expressed in the first paragraph?
1) Cavemen were dreaming of modern social media.
2) Ancient people tried to pass the information down.
3) Online communication has been developing quickly.
4) Most people use online communication every day.
Ответ: [ ]
13. What is “qwertyuiop»? (paragraph 2)
1) It’s the word “typewriter” misspelled.
2) It’s an old type of a computer keyboard.
3) It’s the random text in the first e-mail.
4) It’s the first e-mail system people used.
Ответ: [ ]
14. What is NOT listed as a user function of BBS in the text?
1) Exchanging software.
2) Creating newsletters.
3) Learning about events.
4) Socializing with other users.
Ответ: [ ]
15. The GEOCITIES platform got such a name because …
1) its structure reminded a geographical map.
2) only people from certain cities could use it.
3) it copied mail communication around the globe.
4) it was initially started in Silicon Valley.
Ответ: [ ]
16. According to the text, what was special about Sixdegrees.com?
1) It closed down after a short period of time.
2) People could find new contacts there.
3) It was a good place for family communication.
4) It helped people master certain functions.
Ответ: [ ]
17. According to the text, what is TRUE about Friendster?
1) Asian people didn’t find it attractive.
2) It helped many people get married.
3) Facebook used it as its prototype.
4) You can use it only if you are 13.
Ответ: [ ]
18. What does the author think about the future of the social media?
1) They will get even more followers than now.
2) It’s hard to tell what will happen with them.
3) People will try to give them up completely.
4) They will become people’s favourite pastime
Ответ: [ ]
Вариант 2
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Music saves the globe
Climate change is now widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe. Global warming and climate change are important and controversial topics. They have raised strong feelings on both sides of the debate. Where do you stand?
As many psychologists put it, music is an effective tool for raising awareness, expressing emotions and prompting action. Many musicians all over the world are very conscious of the environment so think about these top songs about climate change. The songs are both new and old, fast and slow, funny and serious, by the famous and the unknown. What unites them is that the singers care and worry about the future of our planet.
If we had a chart of these songs, number one would certainly be “Saltwater” by Julian Lennon. This song has been around for a while — I remember my now- adult kids singing it at a primary school concert in the 90s. In his introduction at the concert, Julian says, “We knew about hunger and so many other things. But there’s a lot of things that we weren’t told as Joe Public about what we’re doing wrong. And unfortunately that sort of information has only been given to us over the last couple of years, really. And that’s why the song was written … This affects me. It makes me feel really sad. I’m going to do my own little bit when I can.”
One more great hit is “Where We Going to Go” by David Todd. It has been written to help people become aware what may happen to the planet if global warming is not curtailed. David is a talented singer, songwriter, musician who is concerned about the future of the planet. He is not a professional musician and does not perform publicly therefore very little is known about him. In fact, he has a talent many desire and few achieve. He has written many beautiful songs which are greatly appreciated by his family and friends. However, experts challenge David’s opinion. They say, “Global warming is not happening. Climate change is. But guess what, it’s been happening for billions of years. There’s nothing we can do about it so stop thinking the human race can control nature and preserve what climate WE think is best.”
Number three is surely “I Need to Wake Up” by Melissa Etheridge. This song was used in the well-known documentary “An Inconvenient Truth” which puts the problem this way — humanity is sitting on a ticking time bomb. If the vast majority of the world’s scientists are right, we have just ten years to avert a major catastrophe that could send our entire planet into a tailspin of epic destruction involving extreme weather, floods, droughts, epidemics and killer heat waves beyond anything we have ever experienced.
I would also have to name “The Last Day on Earth” by Kate Miller-Heidke but it is practically impossible to understand if this song is about the planet or relationships. Is it about the need to care for the environment? The consequences of global warming? Relationships and lost love? The tragic death of a loved one? I wonder what your thoughts are. And of course we should not forget “Earth Song” by Michael Jackson. Like many people I think Michael Jackson’s music still speaks to us.
So include some of this staff into your playlist and enjoy some high-quality music which inspires you to think and live green!
12. What does the author say of top songs about climate change?
1) They show different attitudes of the singers.
2) They vary greatly in age and style.
3) They all have become major hits worldwide.
4) They are pessimistic about the future of the planet.
Ответ: [ ]
13. What is meant by “Joe Public” in paragraph 3?
1) A journalist’s name.
2) The concert audience.
3) Primary school kids.
4) Ordinary people.
Ответ: [ ]
14. What did Julian Lennon try to express in his speech?
1) Everyone should contribute to saving our planet.
2) He feels depressed most of the time.
3) We should learn more about environmental problems.
4) Climate change affects everybody.
Ответ: [ ]
15. The word “curtailed” in paragraph 4 means …
1) “written about”.
2) “stopped”.
3) “continued”.
4) “cared for”.
Ответ: [ ]
16. According to the text, what is TRUE about David Todd?
1) He is a gifted musician.
2) He is supported by environmental experts.
3) He thinks we shouldn’t worry about climate change.
4) He has a small group of fans.
Ответ: [ ]
17. The song “I Need to Wake Up” …
1) is about a nuclear bomb.
2) cites some top scientists.
3) is about natural disasters.
4) was used in a film.
Ответ: [ ]
18. It can be concluded that the author …
1) enjoys listening to popular music.
2) thinks people should care about the environment.
3) has many questions about the climate change problem.
4) believes people will be able to solve environmental problems.
Ответ: [ ]
Рефлексия
1. Помог ли вам представленный в данной теме материал лучше понять содержание и структуру заданий 12—18 раздела “Чтение”?
2. Что было легко/трудно в усвоении темы?
3. Что было полезным?
4. Что вы усвоили, чему научились, что сумеете выполнить самостоятельно?
5. Что осталось неясным?
Научились, умеем, усвоили
1. Усвоили алгоритм выполнения заданий 12—18 раздела “Чтение”.
2. Научились выполнять эти задания.
3. Умеем применять следующие стратегии:
• извлекать из текста полную и точную информацию:
— ключевые слова;
— важные детали;
— аргументы;
— примеры;
• отделять главную информацию от второстепенной;
• игнорировать незнакомые слова;
• игнорировать ненужную информацию.
Тестирование в форме ЕГЭ, представлено написание сочинения по теме «Social netwok», дано как образец написания сочинения на любую тему, выдержаны смысловые абзацы, употреблены link-words. Данное сочинение было написано на недавнем ЕГЭ, за него было получено хорошее число баллов.
Вы уже знаете о суперспособностях современного учителя?
Тратить минимум сил на подготовку и проведение уроков.
Быстро и объективно проверять знания учащихся.
Сделать изучение нового материала максимально понятным.
Избавить себя от подбора заданий и их проверки после уроков.
Наладить дисциплину на своих уроках.
Получить возможность работать творчески.
Просмотр содержимого документа
«Тестирование в форме ЕГЭ по английскому, образец сочинения «Social network» »
Social networks
1. Social networks are becoming more and more popular and lots of people spend hours in front of their computers, chatting with friends. Some are considered that social networks can replace real life communication one day. I think that there is nothing to worry about and people will always prefer meeting their friends in real life.
2. On the one hand, social networks help people to keep in touch with their relatives or friends, who live far away from them. For example, I have many friends from different cities and even countries. What is more, social networks help us to relax after school or work. Finally, you can play games, listen to music and watch videos in social networks, so it’s a good way to spend your free time.
3. On the other hand, some people say that social networks can substitute real life communication someday. In my opinion, it is always much more interesting to spend time with friends in real life. Moreover, parents are worried that their children spend too much time online. I think it is normal for teenagers to spend lots of time in the Internet.
4. In conclusion, I think that real life cannot be replaced by social networks. People will always find time to see their friends and relatives. Chatting online is quite interesting, but it is much more pleasant to simply walk down the street with a friend.
The fact is that 93 percent of kids are online.
Even if parents limit or ban internet access, kids have access at school, through a friend’s smart phone, libraries, and schools. The internet is a tool that our children need to use and master with wisdom dispensed by parents. We need tech-savvy youth who will grow up to be leaders of the community.
Many schools use websites such as EdModo to connect students and teachers. My friend Reem is the vice principal of an Islamic School. She says that many teachers assign work from school that children need to research online. Some of the best homeschooling resources are online.
Far too many parents do not allow their children monitored access to the internet, leading to two scenarios. Their children end up lying and using it behind their back; or are so sheltered that they do not know how to conduct themselves online when they finally do get access.
On the other hand, more often than not, there are parents who freely give unmonitored access.
But caretakers raising children in today’s world need to think about several issues:
• How does a parent know if his/her child is engaging in inappropriate Internet activities?
• How would a parent know if his/her child is cyber-bullied if he or she does not tell them?
According to Common Sense Media, “Young teens don’t yet have an “off” switch in their brains. That means that they often act impulsively. This lack of impulse control, combined with online anonymity, could lead toward dangerous behaviors: cyber-bullying, inappropriate photo or video uploads, illegal downloads, meeting strangers – even cheating. Because socializing is so important to young people, online interactions can become pretty intense – whether they’re playing games, chatting with friends, or sharing work.”
Using open communication and thoughtful intervention, parents can help their wired offspring learn how to maneuver electronic gadgets and the World Wide Web. Here are some tips on how to give children monitored access to the Internet:
• spend time with your children online.
• ask to see their Facebook page, their Instagrams, and Twitter feed. It may seem like a foreign territory, but it is imperative that parents talk to their children about social media. At this stage, it is not our job to try to protect them by isolating them. It is our job to teach them how to deal with information and with people.
• younger children often play on websites such as Movie Star Planet, Moshi Monsters, and new ones pop up every day. Most of these sites teach extreme consumerism as children ‘play’ to accumulate points or currency and use it to ‘buy’ stuff: furniture, VIP passes, etc.; urging your child to become ‘Rich and Famous.’ As responsible parents, we need to prevent children from becoming mindless consumers. If you do allow your child to visit these sites, then watch them while they play.
• teach them not to talk to or chat with random strangers. That person with a name Girlie45 could, possibly, be a middle-aged predator. Teach them that everything that they put online is there forever. Anyone can cut, copy and paste pictures and text. Teach them how to be safe online because today it is as important as safety basics about locking the door or not playing with matches.
ВОПРОС 1: What does the author think about educational value of prohibiting children from internet?
1) It is useless.
2) It is important.
3) It is effective.
4) It is advisable.
ВОПРОС 2: What way of using internet in education does the author mention (paragraph 2)?
1) Finding ready-made research papers.
2) Online instruction by school administration.
3) Communication platform for teachers and students.
4) Teaching from home.
ВОПРОС 3: What, according to the author, can the parents’ refusal to allow their children supervised internet access lead to?
1) Children become overprotected.
2) Children use internet in schools under teacher’s control.
3) Children turn to misconduct in schools.
4) Children start cheating on their parents.
ВОПРОС 4: What does the phrase ‘don’t have an “off” switch in their brains’ (paragraph 5) mean?
1) They are unable to restrain from spontaneous actions.
2) They are making reckless decisions.
3) They are acting anonymously online.
4) They are considering the consequences of their actions.
ВОПРОС 5: According to the text, the best way to protect children from internet hazards is to
1) monitor their accounts in social networks.
2) follow them online.
3) ban them from using social networks.
4) limit their access to computer.
ВОПРОС 6: The danger of online games is, according to the author, in
1) the possibility of losing one’s money.
2) availability of VIP passes.
3) getting used to spending money easily.
4) their accessibility.
ВОПРОС 7: What idea is emphasized in the last paragraph?
1) Chatting with strangers online can be dangerous.
2) Nicknames conceal the real identity of a person online.
3) Learning internet security is essential for young people.
4) Pictures should be uploaded wisely.
ВОПРОС 1: – 1
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 4
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 2
ВОПРОС 6: – 3
ВОПРОС 7: – 3
1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Online community
2. Travel safety
3. Friend turned enemy
4. Social network safety
5. Unhelpful friends
6. Nature’s enemy
7. Online trouble
8. Helping the community
A. Have you ever had a friend who asks for favours all the time, but rarely gives them in return? They don’t think twice about asking you to do something for them, and whenever you bring up the problem, they brush it off as if it’s no big deal. Or they say that’s what friends are for, to help one another. It’s then that you realise they’re not much of a friend.
B. Joining a neighbourhood clean-up effort is an inspiring thing to do. It’s a direct way of making a difference in your world, and it helps improve your living standards. It’s also a great opportunity for getting to know the people who live near you, which might be useful when you’re in need, and vice versa. If your neighbourhood doesn’t do this sort of thing, now’s the time to start.
C. If you’ve ever had your identity stolen, you’re not alone. It happens to millions of people every year, and thieves gain millions of pounds from the activity. It often happens because a hacker has broken into our accounts by way of a computer virus we accidentally downloaded. If it happens to you, make sure you let your banks know to get your bank cards cancelled, and tell the police.
D. Belonging to a social network is a useful pastime. It gives us an opportunity to share our thoughts and news with a like-minded group of individuals all at once. We can even meet new people who either agree with our ideas or contribute to a constructive debate. It’s entertaining to read everyone’s posts, which are sometimes funny but can also be thought-provoking, or maybe even sad. It’s a useful experience nonetheless.
E. Whenever you go abroad, you must keep an eye on your belongings. You don’t want to become a victim of pick-pocketing. A useful tip is to place your money in your front pocket, as it’s less likely to be stolen there. It’s also wise to have your passport put away safely, or kept inside your jacket. Keep things zipped up, and never leave a bag unattended.
F. When we discard plastic items carelessly, an animal may find it and have an unfortunate incident. For example, the plastic rings that go round a six-pack of drinks cans can get stuck round a small animal’s neck. The animal might wear that piece of plastic for the rest of its life, or until someone comes along and removes it. We really should be mindful of where we throw things.
G. It’s a terrible feeling when you realise someone close to you is saying bad things about you behind your back. You feel humiliated and angry on learning the truth, that someone you trusted isn’t trustworthy at all. You confront them about it, and they deny ever saying anything. An argument may follow, but eventually you decide that this isn’t the kind of person you want to spend time with.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Indian food in the UK
The British have had a close relationship with Indian food for centuries. The colonial ties between India and the UK began in the early 1600s, ___ (A).
In the late 1700s it wasn’t uncommon to see coffee houses serving curries alongside traditional British meals. The first dedicated Indian restaurant opened its doors in London in 1809, although it struggled due to peoples preferences to eat at home during that period. The owner ended up closing its doors after about three decades of service ___ (B).
When Queen Victoria staffed her kitchen with Indian cooks, popularity for the cuisine really took off. Cookbooks taught British homemakers how ___ (C).
There was then a cooling-off period for this spicy fare. A revolt in India against British rule in 1857 meant curry wouldn’t be so fashionable for a while. In the years after that, its popularity would ebb and flow, and by the late 1800s, ___ (D).
In the early 20th century, many people from the Indian subcontinent were migrating to Britain, and they bought up some of the run-down restaurants and transformed them into curry houses. Aware of people’s eating habits, Bangladeshi restaurateurs stayed open until late into the evening ___ (E). Soon enough, Indian food was popular again.
Today, there are hundreds of Indian restaurants across the UK. Some dishes have been modified to a certain extent, such as British versions which introduce beef into the recipe, ___ (F). Overall, the cuisine has become such a mainstay of the British diet that chicken tikka masala is referred to as a national dish.
1. French rather than Indian cooking was popular in British kitchens
2. an ingredient rarely used in India because many sub-cultures don’t allow it
3. due to some versions of Indian cuisine becoming popular for breakfast
4. due to the struggle of paying his bills while suffering from a lack of business
5. and the British soldiers in India craved the food when they returned home
6. to catch people when they were returning home from a night out
7. to make the most flavourful Indian dishes in their own homes
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
In what way did the author sympathise with the lead actor?
1) She was mainly concerned about her illness.
2) She worried that the actor may never perform again.
3) She felt it must be hard to accept the situation.
4) She felt the actor had been put under too much pressure.
4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The expression ‘steal her thunder’ in the second paragraph means…
1) take a possession.
2) make someone feel bad about something.
3) take someone’s glory.
4) make a strong impression.
5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What does the author say about her preparations as an understudy?
1) The duties are largely unappreciated by others.
2) There is no one there to share the pain with.
3) She has to learn the role better than the actor she’s replacing.
4) She’s not required to do anything other than learn the main role.
6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Before the author learnt she would be playing the lead, she…
1) never thought the day would come.
2) hoped the day would never come.
3) did everything she could to prepare for it.
4) tried to get other roles in the play.
7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What happened when the director broke the news to the author?
1) She lost her strength and balance.
2) She made a terrible face.
3) She expressed that she didn’t think she was ready.
4) She was overcome with joy.

Показать текст. ⇓
‘It’ in ‘I hadn’t thought about it before’ in the fifth paragraph refers to…
1) the role of Lady Macbeth.
2) being centre stage.
3) backing out of a commitment.
4) remembering her lines.
9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What concerned the author about the announcement?
1) What her fellow actors would think.
2) What the director thought.
3) What the audience would think.
4) What the director would actually say.
Task
11. a)
Look
up the words in a dictionary.
Read
and translate the text.
reign
headquarters
to
wage
schooner
coffin
HISTORY
OF SMUGGLING IN THE UK
The
history of smuggling dates back to the Middle Ages and reached its
peak in the reign of James I. Smuggling was easy because the customs
officers were unable to cope with it adequately as on land they were
far too few, and at sea, their ships were slow and less easy to
handle. In addition, many of smugglers worked in large armed bands.
With
the passing time, methods of smuggling were changing, and the
smugglers no longer relied on large armed ships fighting their way
through, handing over their contraband to armed gangs. Instead they
sank their valuable goods near the shore, when the danger
threatened, and picked them up later, or stored them in caves. When
contraband was landed, it had to be hidden until it could be
disposed of. Many of the old inns were very convenient for it.
The White Horse Inn at
Gorleston, Norfolk, was the headquarters of a smuggling gang. Riding
officer Hacon was appointed to that area, and he went straight to
the White Horse and announced that he was going to put down
smuggling with a firm hand.
Captain Legatt waged fifty
guineas that he would deliver 100kg of smuggled tobacco at the
officer’s house without his knowledge within fourteen days. Hacon
accepted the challenge and put on extra guards. There was much
interest among the town people.
Several days passed and
nothing happened. Ships came and went, but there was no sign of
tobacco.
Once a little schooner came
in. Three men came ashore in a boat. Only one of them spoke a little
English and it seemed that a man on the ship was very ill. The next
day a message was sent ashore that the man was dead. A funeral
procession was formed because the dead man had wished to be buried
there.
Meanwhile the fourteenth day
was drawing to a close. People were beginning to laugh at the
smugglers. Then the Captain appeared and shook hands with Hacon.
“Well,” he said. “You
owe me fifty guineas, I think.
“The
boot is on the other foot*”,
said Hacon with a smile.
“I
think you’ll find the tobacco ready for you at home”, said
Legatt. “That poor dead sailor who wished to be buried here –
well, you go home and have a look – and keep the coffin as a
small present”, and he roared with laughter.
*
как раз наоборот
b)
Make
a
glossary.
Choose
seven words to remember.
c)
Answer the questions:
1.
Why was smuggling easy at that time?
2.
What difficulties did customs officers have?
3.
What methods did smugglers use?
4.
What arrangement was made between Officer Hacon and Captain Legatt?
5.
How did Captain Legatt win fifty guineas?
*
* *
Problem
questions:
1.
Have the methods of smuggling changed in any way since those times?
2.
What modern methods of detecting contraband do you know?
Task
12. a)
Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs:
|
to |
1. This computer can
__________ huge amount of data.
2.
The violence was __________ by the police and the army.
3.
Many people now __________ the Internet for news.
4.
I’ll take my things to the Left Baggage Counter and _____ them
_____ later.
5.
The police officers were ordered to __________ their guns.
b) Make your own sentences
with these phrasal verbs.
Task
13.
a) Revise the grammar rules on Comparatives and Superlatives.
b) Copy out the adjectives
from Text 2 and complete the table.
|
Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
easy |
easier |
the |
c)
Write five sentences to compare the work of customs officers in
the past and nowadays.
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