In most areas of the world, certainly in Europe, both
the physical landscape and the maps of it are
relatively stable. Map revision is usually concerned
with manmade features, such as buildings and roads.
This is not true of Antarctica. The Antarctic ice sheet
is a dynamic entity and cartographers have to
contend with big and rapid changes in the physical
geography of the continent. For example, earlier this
year they faced the dramatic break-up of the Larsen
and Prince Gustav ice shelves in the Antarctic
Peninsula region, which is where the British Antarctic
Survey (BAS) concentrates its mapping activity.
Topographic maps are probably changing faster in
Antarctica than anywhere else in the world.
What do the break-up of the Larsen and Prince Gustav ice shelves illustrate?
- The errors that occur on maps of the Antarctic.
- The difficulties in reaching areas in the Antarctic.
- The sort of changes that can occur in the Antarctic.
- The regularity with which map-makers visit the Antarctic.
1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
How the Nobel Prize started
Everybody knows about Alfred Nobel. He was the man who ___ (GIVE) the world a great invention – dynamite.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
However, Nobel saw that people started ___ (USE) it for military purposes.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
That is why the scientist changed his will and introduced the Nobel Prize. The scientist’s wish was that people would remember something good about ___ (HE).
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Antarctica
Many people think that Antarctica is just a block of thin ice. It is, indeed, the ___ (COLD) place on Earth.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
However, during the summer the sun ___ (NOT SET) in Antarctica.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It means that Antarctica receives ___ (MUCH) sunlight than the equator during that period of time.
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Another interesting fact about Antarctica is that 90% of the world’s fresh water ___ (CONCENTRATE) there. Isn’t it amazing?
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Sakhalin
The island of Sakhalin is situated in the Far East of Russia in the North Pacific, between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. ___ (SCIENCE) say that it is the largest island in Russia with a length of 948 km, and a width of 25 to 170 km, and a total area of about 78,000 square kilometers.
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Nearly two-thirds of Sakhalin is mountainous. Two parallel ranges of ___ (BEAUTY) mountains separate the island from north to south.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The ___ (GOVERN) of Sakhalin region is in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, which was founded in 1882.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It is located in the southern part of the island and the ___ (POPULATE) of the modern city comes to about 180 thousand people.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
___ (VISIT) to the area can enjoy watching gorgeous nature as well as go fishing and rock climbing.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It may take you long to get there, but this will ___ (CERTAIN) be an unforgettable experience.
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
To the North of London
The Aldenham Country Park is a large and pleasant area easily reached if you are travelling north out of London. It is worth visiting if you want a quick breath of fresh air and a reasonably attractive place for a brief picnic. The most important point of the park is Aldenham Reservoir. It was built in 1796 to ___ the water level…
1) remain
2) support
3) hold
4) maintain
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
… in the river ___ by the newly constructed Grand Union Canal, and more recently has been used as a reserve public water supply.
1) confused
2) affected
3) bothered
4) disturbed
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Not far from there lies the busy town of Watford which can be recommended for a brief visit. And in any ___ much more interesting stretches of the canal are met further north.
1) condition
2) situation
3) circumstance
4) case
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
And if you make your way through the town you can visit the Watford Museum in the High Street which has materials on printing and paper-making on ___.
1) presentation
2) display
3) demonstration
4) exhibition
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The picture gallery has changing exhibitions of works by artists who lived or painted in the area. Another attraction of the neighbourhood is a fascinating complex of Roman buildings, the ___ of a great city, once the third largest centre of Roman Britain.
1) remains
2) wastes
3) wreckage
4) reminders
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The private houses were impressive, many of them furnished with mosaic floors. The beauty of the mosaics can hardly be described on paper, and it is best ___ by standing and looking for a while.
1) praised
2) approved
3) appreciated
4) regarded
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The other principal Roman site to be visited is a long stretch of the city wall which ___ back to the 3rd century.
1) dates
2) returns
3) follows
4) comes
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Antarctica is the driest place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years. A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara gets just 1 inch of rain a year.
As well as the driest place on Earth, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and its wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded. The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica are caused by so-called katabatic winds. These occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity. Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, oases. They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
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| Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 12 (part 2) |
Florida
|
B11 |
When the famous explorer, Columbus claimed Florida for Spain in 1492, he had never laid eyes on it. The area’s most important early visitor thus set a pattern that has continued for centuries. |
VISIT |
|
B12 |
There is a general belief amongst people, apparently quite unconnected with whether or not they’ve been there themselves, that Florida is a good place to go. |
CONNECT |
|
B13 |
In fact, it is almost impossible not to enjoy yourself in Florida today, given the wonderful selection of facilities available for tourists. |
SELECT |
|
B14 |
Some of the world’s most popular tourist attractions are located in the state whose sandy beaches welcome 40 million people each year. |
SAND |
|
B15 |
These days it seems pointless to describe Florida’s geography and climate. |
POINT |
|
B16 |
After all, few people would have difficulty in finding it on a map and most would know what weather to expect there. |
DIFFICULT |
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Нужна помощь! Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками
1. A bright fountain
2. Who lives there
3. What would happen if …
4. Once upon a time it was green
5. A dry land
6. White on blue
7. The discovery of the continent
8. Environmentally friendly
A.
Antarctica has no government and no country owns this continent. It is the only region on earth which is not ruled by any nation. There are no local people in Antarctica. However, in the summer season, more than four thousand scientists from different countries come to study the mysterious region while one thousand stay there in the winter season. The scientific bases are the only ‘settlements’ with residents who stay for several months or a year.
B.
Antarctica is a huge desert, despite the fact that it holds 70 percent of the world’s fresh water. Usually, no more than six centimeters of rain fall per year. Most of this falls in the eastern part of the continent. These figures are comparable to those of the Sahara desert. Some parts of Antarctica have had no rain or snow for the last 2 million years.
C.
You will be surprised to know that Antarctica was found just 200 years ago. The ancient Greeks did not mark Antarctica on their maps. It was only in 1820, when travellers found this icy white continent by accident. The captain of the Imperial Russian Navy, Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, was the first person who saw Antarctica from his ship. It was on 27th January 1820.
D.
Antarctica contains about 90 percent of the world’s ice. Antarctica has 8 times more ice than the Arctic. If all of the Antarctic ice melted, the sea level around the world would rise about 70 meters. But the average temperature in Antarctica is –37°C and the ice is in no danger of melting so far. In fact, in most parts of the continent it never gets above freezing.
E.
Since Antarctica is not a country, it has neither a state emblem nor an official flag. However in 2002, a special flag was approved by the Antarctic Treaty Organization. The design of the flag was suggested by Graham Bartram who used the flag of the United Nations as its basic pattern. The white image of Antarctica on the blue background looks simple and elegant. Nowadays it is used as an informal flag of the continent.
F.
Fifty million years ago Antarctica had a mild climate, evergreen forests and many more kinds of animals than it has today. Due to continental drift, Antarctica moved from the equator to the South Pole, where it is today. Nowadays, Antarctica is the coldest continent on the planet and almost completely covered with a layer of ice. However, its wildlife is quite diverse: from emperor penguins, southern elephant seals, humpback whales to small bugs in the coastal areas.
G.
Antarctica is covered with thick snow. Everything around is white, but in the McMurdo Valley there is ‘a Bloody Waterfall’ or ‘Blood Fall’. This waterfall is actually glacier water which is red-colored like blood. Microbes, which can live there without light and oxygen, give it the red colour. They just eat the iron and sulfur in the water. When the water comes out from the surface of the ice, it looks like a small red waterfall.
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Geographical map of Antarctica
Detailed geographical map Antarctica continent. Free printable map Antarctica format jpg pdf. Map of Antarctica with coordinates. Map Antarctica with latitude and longitude.
Search map of city, region, country or continent:
Antarctica map by GoogleMaps engine: map scale; scheme and satellite view; streets and houses search, in most of cities, towns, and some villages of the World. If you can’t find something, try map of Antarctica — Yandex, or by OSM project: Antarctica map.
Drag the human icon from map left-top to the place you interest — to switch to virtual panorama streets view (exist on streets, marked blue during the drag)
Use toddler «+ -«, or mouse weel over gmap area, if you want to change map scale; for switch view to satellite photos — click «satellite» button on the map top-right.
GoogleMap of Antarctica continent with view from satellites and plan view; roads, directions, streets names and houses.
Click to see large
Description:
This map shows landforms, seas, mountains and shelfs in Antarctica.
Go back to see more maps of Antarctica
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Tove Jansson
The Moominland series of books and cartoons are very popular with children. They have been translated into several languages, filmed and staged. Moomins, the funny fictional animal characters, were invented by the Finnish fairy tale writer, Tove Jansson. These characters lived in the imaginary country of Moominland. The author not only wrote the story but also made professional illustrations for every book in the series.
When she was a child, Tove Jansson never planned to be a writer. Born into the family of a sculptor and an artist, Tove enjoyed a relaxed and creative atmosphere in her home, open to many people. She spent a lot of time painting and staging fairy tales with her brothers. Since her early years, Tove was impressed by Christian Andersen’s fairy tales. In her imagination she lived the characters’ lives and imagined their adventures in her colourful dreams.
The family often went on sea trips, the memories of which Tove kept for years. She admired the Finnish landscapes with beautiful sunsets and sunrises, she watched the sea constantly changing its colour and the cosy bays. All the magic appeared later in the pictures of the Moomin valley with the blue house standing in the middle of it.
At about fourteen, Tove realized she wanted to go into painting professionally. At first, she worked for a local children’s magazine together with her mother. When Tove completed her school course, she studied fine arts in colleges in Finland and abroad. Tove’s excellent education, talent, and magnificent artistic skills allowed her to illustrate the books of the famous English writers J.R.R. Tolkien and Lewis Carroll. She made some successful wall paintings in Helsinki as well.
At the age of thirty, Tove still had the character of a child who suffered from the injustice and cruelty of life. At that time, she thought of creating an alternative honest and fair world for people like herself. She created it in her imagination. Once Tove recalled a small white hippo she had drawn on the wall to tease her little brother. This is how a new character of Finnish literature, the Moomin, appeared.
Her first book was published in 1946. The fantasy characters were something new for a children’s book of that time. That is why they made Tove Jansson famous overnight. Images of Moomins made in wood, china, soap and plastic spread all over the world. The first book was followed by eleven more tales of Moominland. Each new story reflected an important event in Tove’s life.
In the 1970s, Janssen started to write stories and novels for adult readers. Apart from the illustrations of children’s books Tove Jansson returned to serious painting. The critics praised her pictures a lot for their colours and harmony. Tove Jansson’s most well-known works are a self-portrait and a portrait of her friend. However, she used to say that people would remember her only as the author of the Moomins, not as a painter. This made Tove Jansson feel sad.
All the Moomins tales had a happy ending. Just like her characters, Tove Jansson made her dream come true. At the end of her life she bought a small island in Finland to settle there with her mother. She arranged children’s festivals on the island and read her tales for the young audience. Her house, like the one in the Moominland, was always open to her numerous friends and readers, who often came to her island.