disasters are caused by nature and there is nothing that we can do to prevent them happening, there are many different natural causes that lead to natural disasters, and being aware of these causes enables us to be better prepared when such disasters do arrive.
One common natural disaster is flooding, which occurs when a river bursts its banks and the water spills out onto the floodplain. This is far more likely to happen when there is a great deal of heavy rain, so during very wet periods flood warnings are often put in place.
Earthquakes are another common natural disaster that can cause many fatalities. The movements of the plates in the earth’s crust cause them. These plates do not always move smoothly and can get stuck, causing a build-up of pressure. It is when this pressure is released that an earthquake occurs. In turn, an earthquake under the water can also cause a tsunami, as the quake causes great waves by pushing large volumes of water to the surface.
Tsunamis can also be caused by underwater volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma escaping from inside the earth. An explosion takes place, releasing the magma from a confined space, which is why there are often also huge quantities of gas and dust released during a volcanic eruption. The magma travels up the inside of the volcano, and pours out over the surrounding area as lava.
One of the most common natural disasters, but also one of the most commonly forgotten, is wildfires. These take place in many different countries all over the world, particularly during the summer months, and can be caused by a range of different things. Some of the things can be totally natural, while others can be manmade, but the speed at which they spread is entirely down to nature. The two natural causes of wildfires are the sun’s heat and lightning strikes, while they can also be caused by campfires, smoking, fireworks and many other things. The reasons that they spread so quickly are prolonged hot, dry weather, where the vegetation dries out, which is why they often take place in woodland.
1) (Points: 1)
The text is about .
А) earthquakes
Б) tsunamis
В) natural disasters
Г) environmental protection
2) (Points: 1)
Choose the right sentence.
А) There are no gas and dust released during a volcanic eruption.
Б) Wildfires can be caused by people.
В) Flooding is not a natural disaster.
Г) Natural disasters happen only in some parts of the world.
3) (Points: 1)
Find the wrong statement.
А) Earthquakes can cause many fatalities.
Б) Fireworks can be the cause of wildfires.
В) Volcanic eruptions are caused by heavy rain.
Г) The speed of wildfires is entirely down to nature.
4) (Points: 1)
Complete the sentence.
Natural disasters _________________________________.
А) often take place in woodland
Б) are caused by underwater volcanic eruptions
В) can be devastating for people’s lives
Г) are commonly forgotten
5) (Points: 1)
Answer the question.
When does flooding occur?
А) When a river bursts its bank.
Б) When magma escapes from inside the earth.
В) When the vegetation dries out.
Г) After prolonged hot, dry weather.
6) (Points: 1)
Choose the best title for the text.
А) What to do after a natural disaster?
Б) How to avoid natural disasters
В) The wildlife
Г) Natural disasters and their causes
Задание №6532.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
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The current temperature change
1) is less than it was predicted.
2) is too little to cause any concern.
3) makes natural disasters more probable.
4) has caused the catastrophic climate change.
Решение:
The current temperature change makes natural disasters more probable.
Текущее изменение температуры увеличивает вероятность стихийных бедствий.
«… are becoming more likely at the temperature change already underway…»
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Источник: ЕГЭ-2018, английский язык: 30 тренировочных вариантов для подготовки к ЕГЭ. Е. С. Музланова
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- Droughts killed the most people of the world’s most deadly weather-related disasters, the UN said.
- A new report released Tuesday highlights an increase in weather-related disasters but fewer deaths.
- More than 90% of deaths occured in developing countries.
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Droughts are the leading cause of death from the world’s worst disasters in the last 50 years, according to a report the World Meteorological Organization released on Tuesday.
The UN agency’s report, which considered more than 11,000 weather disasters over the past half-century, highlighted four specific droughts that occured in eastern Africa in the 1970s and 1980s as the leading killers. In all, droughts killed 650,000 people. The next biggest cause of death from disasters was storms, with more than 575,000 deaths.
Disasters related to weather, climate, or water hazards happen five times more often now than they did in the 1970s, but the deaths they cause have decreased significantly, the report said.
The 1970s and 1980s saw an average of 170 deaths per day, which fell to 90 in the 1990s. In the 2010s, there were 40 deaths per day related to weather disasters.
More than 90% of the deaths occurred in developing counties, the report said.
Meanwhile, economic damage stemming from these disasters has increased seven-fold over the last 50 years, according to the report. The six costliest disasters were all the result of hurricanes in the US, racking up more than $517 billion in economic losses combined.
«The number of weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,» WMO Secretary-General Prof. Petteri Taalas said in a statement. «That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is exacerbating extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.»
He said the global community has become better at saving lives due to improved multi-hazard early warning systems, despite only half of the 193-member countries of the WMO actually having these systems.
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