The most important liquid on earth егэ ответы

Подробности: 33476


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 10 (part 2)

The most important liquid on Earth

B11	Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?	VARY
B12	Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.	CONSUME
B13	Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.	INDIVIDUAL
B14	Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.	RESPONSE
B15	Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.	REGULATE
B16	Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic/periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.	PERIOD

Источник

1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Does it ever snow in Brazil?

During winter and sometimes even autumn and spring it snows in some cities of southern Brazil. There are several cities ___ (KNOW) for their snow, like Urupema and Urubici.

2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

These cities ___ (BE) all in high areas, but even places at sea level can have snow, although in small amounts and not every year.

3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Brazil ___ (THINK) to be a “tropical paradise” which is very wrong. Foreigners who travel to southern Brazil during autumn or winter in search for some heat and beaches are often disappointed.

4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The North Pole is melting

Do you know how the global warming affects the Arctic? A survey by the Japan Agency for Science and Technology shows that Arctic ice is melting at a far ___ (QUICK) rate than anticipated. Today Arctic ice is melting at previously unseen rates.

5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The coastal ice in parts of Canada and Alaska has become quite brittle. Ice easily breaks away in large pieces and melts in the open ocean. Now there is also ___ (LITTLE) sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.

6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

It happens because ice ___ (FLOAT) into the Atlantic Ocean.

7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Scientists say that the lack of ice represents clear proof that the planet ___ (WARM). Back in the past it could take three years to get through the waterway’s thick ice successfully, now – just a few weeks.

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The most important liquid on Earth

Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for ___ (VARY) household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

___ (CONSUME) receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.

10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on ___ (INDIVIDUAL) owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.

11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Those who receive their water from a private well are solely ___ (RESPONSE) for the safety of the water.

12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Private wells are not subject to different federal ___ (REGULATE), and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.

13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Local health departments may assist well owners with ___ (PERIOD) testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.

14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

At the office

The following morning I visited our local newsagent Mr. Bales. He always seemed to know exactly what was going on in the neighbourhood and was only too happy to ___ his knowledge with anyone who wanted to pass the time of day.

1) divide
2) split
3) share
4) separate

15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Then I ___ at the office of John D. Wood in Mount Street. I had to wait for some time, but eventually one of four assistants came over, introduced himself to me as Mr. Palmer and asked how he could help.

1) arrived
2) reached
3) achieved
4) completed

16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

After a closer inspection of the young man, I doubted that he could help anyone. He must have been about seventeen and was so pale and thin he looked as if a gust of wind might blow him ___.

1) about
2) over
3) around
4) away

17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

“I’d like to know some details concerning Number 147 Chelsea Terrace,” I said. “Would madam please excuse me?” he ___ and walked over to a filing cabinet.

1) spoke
2) said
3) talked
4) told

18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

He ___ no attempt to invite me in or even to offer me a chair. He placed the single sheet on the countertop and studied it closely.

1) made
2) did
3) took
4) held

19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

“A greengrocer’s shop,” he said. “Yes. What price is the owner asking for the property?” I asked. I was becoming more and more annoyed by being so obviously ignored. “One hundred and fifty guineas is being asked for the shop,” ___ the assistant, his eyes fixed on the bottom line of the schedule.

1) admitted
2) agreed
3) stated
4) expressed

20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The shop turned out to be ridiculously expensive. I made my ___ back to Chelsea, only too aware that I had no intention of buying a shop in the neighbourhood.

1) track
2) road
3) path
4) way

Источник

Введите ответ в поле ввода

Задание 407

The most important liquid on Earth

Water is a vital element in each of our
lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for __________________
household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning,
and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

VARY

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11 – B16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11 – В16.

Решение:

various

Другие задачи на эту тему

Источник

Тест №01 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Christmas

B11	Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christiancelebration of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.	CELEBRATION
B12	Christmas carols — a special kind of religious songs — are an important part of it. You may hear them countless times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.	COUNT
B13	At this time, too, many carol singers make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.	SING
B14	Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling various Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.	VARY
B15	Shop owners decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.	OWN
B16	All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also widely available.	WIDE

Тест №02 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Arbor Day and Earth Day

B11	The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and politician originally from Michigan.	POLITICS
B12	When he became a member of Nebraska’s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing awareness of the importance of trees. Nebraska’s first Arbor Day was an amazing success. More than one million trees were planted.	AWARE
B13	On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day activitieswere modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.	ACTIVE
B14	It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their responsibility to protect the planet.	RESPONSIBLE
B15	Now Earth Day is celebrated annuallyaround the globe.	ANNUAL
B16	What started as a day of national environmental recognition has evolved into a worldwide campaign to protect our globalenvironment.	GLOBE

Тест №03 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Britain

B11	Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most visitors come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.	VISIT
B12	Tourists usually spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.	USUAL
B13	Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns.	INDUSTRY
B14	But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the reality of Britain.	REAL
B15	The greatness of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.	GREAT
B16	The cheap, concrete buildings of the 1960s look old and dirty, but for the adventuroustourists these cities are full of life and colour.	ADVENTURE

Тест №04 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Australia

B11	Australia is an island continent and the world’s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its south-eastern coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.	SOUTH-EAST
B12	Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a parliamentarysystem of administration modelled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.	PARLIAMENT
B13	Australia’s system of administration is based on the democratic tradition.	DEMOCRAT
B14	Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain’s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is fully autonomous.	FULL
B15	The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nomination for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.	NOMINATE
B16	Ministers of the government are elected for a maximum of three years. Voting is by secret ballot and is compulsory for persons 18 years of age and over.	GOVERN

Тест №05 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Global Language

B11	It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Scientists say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.	SCIENCE
B12	In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages naturally changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.	NATURAL
B13	Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.	DEVELOP
B14	Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that speakers of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.	SPEAK
B15	If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically disappear, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.	APPEAR
B16	Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole variety of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.	VARY

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The Power of the Great Pyramid

B11	In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most powerfulpeople of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.	POWER
B12	His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The scientist measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.	SCIENCE
B13	One day Napoleon with several servantscame to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.	SERVE
B14	He ordered everyone to leave him and went into the darkness alone.	DARK
B15	When he came out he was pale. ‘Are you all right, sir?’ asked the guide. Napoleon was silent. Then he said sadly, ‘Never mention this matter again. Ever!’	SAD
B16	Years later, his friend Tomblier asked him what he had seen in the Great Pyramid. Napoleon stared at Tomblier for a while, then said only two words, Something impossible!’ He never spoke about it again.	POSSIBLE

Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Russia in space

B11	Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration toleading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.	LEAD
B12	Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.	SCIENCE
B13	On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfullymade the first human trip to space.	SUCCESS
B14	Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.	EXPLORE
B15	Even now, Russia continues to be the leaderin satellite launching.	LEAD
B16	It is also the sole transport provider for spacetourism/tourists. Other Soviet contributions to the development of space flights include the invention of space food, space suits, human spaceflight, and human space orbit.	TOUR

Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Scottish inventions

B11	Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most importantcontributions of the Scots to the world.	CONTRIBUTE
B12	If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentallypush ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.	ACCIDENTAL
B13	The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.	REFRIGERATE
B14	Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler.	COOL
B15	Australians had difficulty gaining access tonatural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.	NATURE
B16	Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.	DIFFER

Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The heart of Bangkok

B11	Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Its numerous high-rise buildings, heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression.	BUILD
B12	Don’t let that mislead you.	LEAD
B13	It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with impressive temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.	IMPRESS
B14	The heart of Bangkok is probably its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.	PROBABLE
B15	It is a collection of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.	COLLECT
B16	Its asymmetry and eclectic styles are due to its organic development, with additions and rebuilding being made by successive reigning kings over 200 years of history. It is worth spending at least a full morning or afternoon there. At night the palace is lit up and glows in vivid colour.	DEVELOP

Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most important liquid on Earth

B11	Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?	VARY
B12	Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.	CONSUME
B13	Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.	INDIVIDUAL
B14	Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.	RESPONSE
B15	Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.	REGULATE
B16	Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic/periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.	PERIOD

Тест №11 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Can animals think?

B11	In his quarters at the University of Arizona, Alex is commenting on all that he sees. “Hot!” he warns as a visitor picks up a mug of tea. Alex spots a plateful of fruit and announces his choice: “Grape.” Alex is an African grey parrot.	VISIT
B12	For the last 16 years, biologist Irene Pepperberg has been exploring the degree to which the bird understands what he is saying.	BIOLOGY
B13	Alex also communicates what appear to bevarious feelings.	VARY
B14	Are the parrot’s words merely a collection of sounds he emits when frustrated, or does this one-pound bird know what he is saying?	MERE
B15	For centuries, philosophers argued thatthinking and language separate humans from other species. Later, scientists had reason to be critical of claims concerning animal intelligence.	THINK
B16	Today innovative probes of animal intelligence have convinced most scientists that other species really share with humans some higher mental abilities.	ABLE

Тест №12 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

UK: Conservation and Environmen

B11	Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high populationdensity, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.	POPULATE
B12	Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve thenaturalbeauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.	NATURE
B13	Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of visitors with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.	VISIT
B14	The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warmingseriously ever since specialists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.	SERIOUS
B15	In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmentalprotection.	PROTECT
B16	Nowadays British scientists are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.	SCIENCE

Тест №13 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Chicago from above

B11	Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gainedpopularity with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.	POPULAR
B12	Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff willcertainly tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.	CERTAIN
B13	For those who feel uncomfortable about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.	COMFORT
B14	These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and remarkable history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.	REMARK
B15	History Wall is another popular attraction. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.	ATTRACT
B16	As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalkcountless times and still I can’t help admiring it.	COUNT

Тест №14 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Ray Bradbury

B11	Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is widely considered to be one of the 20thcentury’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.	WIDE
B12	His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His popularitycontinues in the 21st century.	POPULAR
B13	During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as various poems and plays.	VARY
B14	He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths andweaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.	WEAK
B15	Bradbury won countless literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.	COUNT
B16	Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding achievement / achievements in the field of fantasy and science fiction.	ACHIEVE

Тест №15 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Animals

B11	The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. Countless pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.	COUNT
B12	Animals are widely used in advertising in magazines and on television.	WIDE
B13	The Royal Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.	PREVENT
B14	RSPCA is a part of a more generalmovementin support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.	MOVE
B15	Animal rights organizations use varioustactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.	VARY
B16	Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet owners is also their concern.	OWN

Тест №16 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Why do we sleep?

B11	A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science — what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s really about making animals function more efficiently in their environments.	REAL
B12	Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.	SCIENCE
B13	You may think it impossible but some migrating birds canfly non-stop for up to 90 hours.	POSSIBLE
B14	Pythons and bats are among the longestsleepers at over 18 hours a day.	SLEEP
B15	Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly.	DEVELOP
B16	Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have difficulty/difficulties in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.	DIFFICULT

Тест №17 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Future population

B11	The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmentalscientists and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.	SCIENCE
B12	The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of theglobal population.	GLOBE
B13	You may think it isimpossible but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.	POSSIBLE
B14	The report says that the world’s population is likely to be significantly older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.	SIGNIFICANT
B15	Almost a quarter of all the inhabitants of the planet will live in Africa.	INHABIT
B16	Researchers think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.	RESEARCH

Тест №18 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Invention of Potato Chips

B11	The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were ratherinexpensive, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.	EXPENSIVE
B12	Crum made thinner slices, but the nervouscustomer was still dissatisfied.	NERVE
B13	Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy theextremely difficult customer.	EXTREME
B14	But the customer was happy — and that was the invention of potato chips!	INVENT
B15	Industrial manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.	INDUSTRY
B16	The chips gained even more popularity in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.	POPULAR

Тест №19 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Australia

B11	The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse environmental impacts.	ENVIRONMENT
B12	It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.	RESERVE
B13	A year or two later, the development of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.	DEVELOP
B14	The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory government/governorwas sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.	GOVERN
B15	Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of visitors rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.	VISIT
B16	Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and tourists’ needs.	CULTURE

Тест №20 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The World’s Language

B11	The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and scientists terms would add millions more.	SCIENCE
B12	The wealth of existing synonyms means thatspeakers of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.	SPEAK
B13	In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for practical purposes, to be more expressive than others.	PRACTICE
B14	The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. Naturally, African languages have no native word for snow.	NATURAL
B15	Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages.	DEVELOP
B16	Some native words disappear, giving way to international terms.	APPEAR

Тест №21 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Entertaining guests

B11	The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is usually served afterwards.	USUAL
B12	Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special achievement/achievements.	ACHIEVE
B13	These parties are almost always informal, there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.	FORMAL
B14	Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written invitations are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.	INVITE
B15	The host often provides various kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.	VARY
B16	The tasty meal is often followed by party games or dances which are intended to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure and make them enjoy the party.	TASTE

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Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agreewith me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worthcan kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is tocollect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed tounderstand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water onour planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifersunderground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh watercan be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable waterdecreases.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth.It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possibleclimate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource astime goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like sciencefiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side ofthe galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s muchmore mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is thesuccessful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention ofthe matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone,computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space.When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core.The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids andcomets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids aremade of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probescould be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could pushthem towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water,such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass anelectric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen andhydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX hasalready started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS).The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America andRussia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news forgetting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.
We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.

Water is the most important liquid we know. It is everywhere we look. Water is in the ground and in the air that we breathe . All animals, plants and humans need water to survive . Water has formed our earth since its beginning. It also prevents the earth from becoming too hot or too cold. Water never disappears . We use the same water over and over again.

Chemistry of water

Water consists of very small molecules. Each of them has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The chemical formula of water is H20.

Water can be a solid , a liquid or a gas, depending on the temperature it has. At 32° F (0° C) water freezes and turns into ice. It expands and becomes lighter. As a result ice floats on water. That is why you should let water out of pipes during the wintertime because it may freeze and burst the pipes. At 212°F (100°C) water boils and escapes as a vapour into the air. Between these two states water is a liquid. Most of the world’s water is in liquid form. It can be found everywhere on earth.

Water molecules always move. In ice they are very far apart from each other. They move very slowly or often not at all. Molecules in water vapour move very quickly.

Water in our daily lives

Water has been important for people for thousands of years. Without water there would be no life on earth.

We use water in our houses for cooking, bathing and washing the dishes. Water is used to grow food. In many dry areas farmers must bring water to the fields through canals and expensive irrigation systems .

Industries and factories also use water. Fruits and vegetables must be cleaned before they can be processed and sold in supermarkets. Water is used for cooling in many areas, for example in steel production.

Many countries around the world use water to produce energy. Power stations burn coal which turns water into steam. Countries with many mountains and rivers use the power of water to produce electricity .

Water is important for our free time. People enjoy themselves at seaside resorts or on cruise trips .

Transportation was at first carried out on waterways . Ancient civilizations traded goods across the Mediterranean Sea . Today oil, coal, wheat and other products are transported on waterways.

Water and the human body

The human body is made up largely of water. Up to 75% of our body is water. Water helps us digest food. Chemical reactions in our body would not be possible without water. It also needs water to help carry away the substances that we do not need any more. Water regulates our body temperature so that it always stays the same. Although we can live without food for a few weeks without water we would die within a few days. A normal human needs about 2 to 3 litres of water a day to survive .

World water supply

The amount of water we have on earth is always the same . However, clean water, is getting rarer because of pollution .

Most of the world’s water, about 97% is in the oceans. 1.4 billion cubic kilometres is saltwater. Only 3% is the freshwater in lakes, rivers and glaciers.

Much of the world has enough fresh water but there are regions that are too dry and don’t get enough rain. Developing countries often do not have enough water for their growing populations . Other areas do not have enough water because people waste it.

Water cycle

Water moves in a steady cycle. It never goes away or disappears but it changes from solid to liquid to gas.

When the sun heats up water it becomes a gas and evaporates . As it rises it cools down and clouds form. Clouds have many very small droplets of water in them. When they get too heavy they fall down to the ground as rain or snow.

Although some of this precipitation rises directly into the atmosphere again most of it gets into the ground and remains in aquifers . Snow and ice remain on glaciers and ice caps until it gets warmer. Then it starts melting and the liquid follows into lakes and rivers.

Water has shaped the surface of the earth for many years. It causes erosion , makes mountains smoother , rivers carve themselves into valleys and makes them wider . Ocean waves form coastlines .

Water Treatment

Not all water is safe to drink or to take a bath in. Some of it needs to be cleaned or purified before we can use or drink it. This is done in three basic steps:

Water first flows through a basin which has chemicals in it . The bacteria , mud and other dirty substances that are in the water stick to these chemicals and move down to the bottom of the basin.
Water then goes through a filter made up of sand and gravel . Other particles are filtered out.
In the last phase chlorine is added to the water. It kills the bacteria that somehow get through.

Dirty, used water is carried away through sewage systems . It often smells bad and has a lot of bacteria in it. Most cities have treatment plants that turn used water into clean water that can be used to irrigate fields.

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Words

although = while
ancient = old
apart = away
aquifer = underground layer of water
atmosphere = the mixture of gases that is around the earth
bacteria = very small living things, some of which cause illnesses and diseases
basic = main, important
basin = very big, round container
billion = a thousand million
blood stream = tubes in your body through which blood passes
boil = when a liquid becomes hot and turns into gas
breathe = to take air in through your lungs
burst = split open, break apart
carry away = take away
carry out = to do something
carve = cut
chemical reaction = chemicals mix and change into new materials
chlorine = a greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell; it is used to keep water in swimming pools clean
coal = a hard black mineral that you dig out of the ground and burn to produce heat
coastline = where the sea meets land
consist of = is made up of
constipation = it you have problems getting rid of the solid waste from your body
cruise = holiday journey by boat
depend = affected by
developing countries = a poor country that is trying to make its economy grow
digest = to change food that you have eaten into substances your body can use
disappear = go away
dissolve = to mix with a liquid and become part of it
droplet = very small drop
electricity = the power that is in cables or wires ; it gives us light, heat and makes machines work
erosion = when rock or soil is destroyed by wind, rain or the sea
escape = get away
evaporate = liquid changes into gas
expand = grow or get bigger
float = drift, swim
flow = run through
flush =wash out
freshwater = water from rivers and lakes
glacier = large mass of ice that moves slowly down a mountain valley
goods = products
gravel = small stones
humans = people
hydrogen = the lightest of all gases; it forms water when combined with oxygen
ice cap = an area of thick ice that covers the earth’s poles
irrigate = to bring water onto fields
largely = mostly
liquid = a watery substance
lubricate = to make something move more smoothly
Mediterranean Sea = sea between Europe and Africa
melt = to turn from solid into liquid
mud = wet, sticky earth
nutrient = a chemical or food that gives plants and animals what they need to grow
oxygen = a gas that has no colour or smell; it is in the air that we breathe
particle = very small piece of something
pipe = a tube through which gas or a liquid flows
plant = place where something happens
pollution = the process of making air and water dirty
population = the people that live in a country
power station = building where electricity and energy is produced
precipitation = rain or snow that falls onto the ground
prevent = to stop something from happening
process = to make food better by adding chemicals to it
protect = defend
purify = to make clean
rare = not found very often
regulate = control
remain = stay
seaside resort = holiday towns near the coast
sewage system = waste from the human body together with water that is carried away from houses through pipes
shape = form
smooth = round, flat
solid = an object that has a fixed shape, not a gas or a liquid
steady = stable, always the same
steam = the hot gas that water produces when you boil it
steel = strong metal made out of iron
stick to = fix, glue, attach
store = keep, save
substance = material
surface = the top layer of
survive = to live on
tissue = the material that forms cells
used = not new
valley = lower land between two mountains , usually with a river flowing in-between
vapor = gas
waste = material that you cannot use and do not need any more
waste = to throw something away even if you can still use it
water treatment plant = place where dirty water is cleaned
water vapor = water in the form of small drops in the air
waterway = places where boats travel
wheat = plant that you make white bread from

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In ancient times people lived on whatever food they could find. As the early people A21 ______ in numbers, they had to wander and search for wild fruits and seeds of wild plants or hunt for small animals.
Then one of these early people A22 ______ a great discovery. A great genius discovered the meaning of seeds. He may have noticed that where some seeds had fallen on the ground, new plants grew. Perhaps he was A23 ______ enough to put some seeds in the ground to see what would happen. No one knows how it happened, but man A24 ______ that if he put a seed into the soil it could grow into a plant which might yield hundreds or even thousands of seeds!
He was free of the need to be in a constant search of his food!
Early man could now A25 ______ seeds in the spring and wait for them to grow.
In the fall he could gather a harvest of seeds. There would be enough to
A26 ______ himself and his family all through the winter, with some left over for planting when spring came.
This discovery was the beginning of A27 ______ and the most important change that ever happened to people on earth.

1)
decreased
2)
increased
3)
developed
4)
improved
________
1)
fulfilled
2)
did
3)
made
4)
conducted
________
1)
curious
2)
questioning
3)
surprised
4)
puzzled
________
1)
disclosed
2)
opened
3)
discovered
4)
exposed
________

1)
put
2)
plant
3)
deliver
4)
lay
________
1)
feed
2)
food
3)
provide
4)
nourish
_________
1)
gardening
2)
cropping
3)
cultivation
4)
farming

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