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Umbrellas

Ha, ha, ha! How they laughed that day in the 1790s when a man first walked the streets of London holding an umbrella.

Some people got angry and began shouting that to carry such a contraption was ungodly because it ‘defied the heavenly purpose of rain’ (which is to get us wet).

Drivers of Hackney carriages soon realised umbrellas posed a threat to their trade, and insulted chaps who carried them by yelling: ‘What’s wrong – are you a Frenchman?’ It was a grievous insult (and still is today), but the umbrella was not to be denied.

Eton schoolboys took to carrying them, much to the annoyance of their headmaster, John Keats. “An effeminate innovation,” he thundered. “We are degenerating into a girl’s school.”

Early umbrellas were not impenetrable to rain. Their coverings of cotton, or even silk, were coated with oil, varnish or melted wax, which soon cracked.

They featured all kinds of gimmicks. Some had windows, or whistled when open. There was an umbrella with a gutter, which drained rain down a tube. A variation on this caught rain in a flask for use as drinking water.

It was not until about 1800 that umbrellas and parasols achieved separate identities in Britain. Since ancient times there have been umbrellas to keep off the sun, but the word umbrella had nothing to do with rain. It is derived from Latin ‘umbra’, meaning shade.

Until the early 1850s umbrellas had heavy whalebone frames which tended to crack. But then Samuel Fox came on the scene» and from his factory in Stockbridge, Sheffield, he revolutionised the umbrella world. In 1852, he patented a lightweight metal frame which was to make him a fortune and set the standard for umbrellas we know today.

The first umbrellas came to Britain from France but by the time of the battle of Waterloo in 1815 it was the French who were laughing at the British for using them. Napoleon’s General Lejeune was highly amused that English officers rode across the field of battle holding aloft umbrellas and parasols. It might have looked ridiculous, but the British won!

That was not the only instance of umbrellas being used by the British army. The British Major Digby Tatham-Warter, veteran of WWII, and a commander of a parachute brigade during WWII, always carried an umbrella into battle. This not only provided some British humour in otherwise very serious and frightening circumstances, but was even used by the brave major to fight the Germans. Once he disabled a German tank by pushing the umbrella through the observation slit and wounding the driver in the eye.

Some collectors believe that now is a perfect time to start collecting antique umbrellas and parasols, as they are reckoned to be underpriced, a situation which could easily change if more people got the idea of collecting them. Parasol styles seemed to change every few months in the 19th century, so there are plenty to choose from. Beautiful parasols made in Victorian times can be bought for as little as 30 to 100 pounds, but even a rare Georgian umbrella with carved ivory grip might be unlikely to exceed 500 pounds at an auction.

ВОПРОС 1. Drivers of Hackney carriages insulted people who were using umbrellas because
1) they wanted to sell umbrellas themselves.
2) they were trying to save their business.
3) the owners of umbrellas were French.
4) they didn’t like what umbrellas looked like.

ВОПРОС 2. The funny and clever features of the first umbrellas did NOT include the following:
1) making special noises
2) having transparent parts
3) being totally waterproof
4) having a container for a drink

ВОПРОС 3. Before 1800 the word ‘umbrella’ meant
1) the same as the word ‘parasol’.
2) nothing: it simply did not exist.
3) ‘a device protecting you from the rain’.
4) any kind of shade of any shape.

ВОПРОС 4. What did Samuel Fox do?
1) He replaced heavy whalebone with light metal.
2) He became rich having discovered light metals.
3) He wrote specifications for a quality umbrella.
4) He participated in the revolutionary movement.

ВОПРОС 5. The French were laughing at the British during the Battle of Waterloo because
1) the French were winning.
2) the British looked funny.
3) the British copied the French.
4) it was General Lejeune’s tactics.

ВОПРОС 6. Which statement is NOT true about Major Digby Tatham-Waiter?
1) He had a British sense of humour.
2) He was a typical British eccentric.
3) He used an umbrella as a weapon.
4) He didn’t find war serious or scary.

ВОПРОС 7. According to the author of the article, Victorian parasols are
1) now cheap to buy.
2) collectors’ favourites.
3) not reliable enough.
4) not sold at auctions.

ВОПРОС 1: – 2
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 1
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 2
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 1

Источник

Подробности: 22745


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В10 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 01 (part 1)

The history of parachutes

B4	The history of parachutes is full of surprises. The first Text living thing to fall to earth with a parachute was a sheep.	ONE
B5	The animal, attached to a seven-foot-wide umbrella, was dropped from a tower in France.	DROP
B6	In 1797 a Frenchman named Andre Garnerin climbed into a basket attached to a hot-air balloon and rose into the air above Paris.	NAME
B7	When he reached an altitude of 2,230 feet, he cut the basket loose and fell toward the earth under an umbrella-like parachute. No one knew if a parachute would work from that height, but it did, and Garnerin went on to give many more parachute-jumping exhibitions.	DO

I need gloves !

B8	I’ve got a two-year-old brother, Jeremy. He doesn’t like/ does not like to eat with a spoon or a fork, he prefers to eat with his hands.	NOT LIKE
B9	Yesterday, my dad gave him a dish of ice cream, which was new to him.	GIVE
B10	Jeremy started eating/ to eat in with his hands. My mom was in the next room when he yelled, «Mommy, my hands are cold!» «Well, then, use your spoon,» she replied. «No, no, Mommy,» he yelled back, «I need gloves!»	EAT

Источник

Главная
ЕГЭ
Английский язык
Лексико-грамматический блок
Грамматика и лексика 32-38

3. Лексико-грамматический блок

Формат ответа: цифра или несколько цифр, слово или несколько слов. Вопросы на соответствие «буква» — «цифра» должны записываться как несколько цифр. Между словами и цифрами не должно быть пробелов или других знаков.

Примеры ответов: 7 или здесьисейчас или 3514

Раскрыть
Скрыть

№1

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

The Goulburn Valley

The Goulburn Valley is situated in the south-east corner of the Australian continent, in the state of Victoria. Because of the introduction of irrigation over a century ago,32 __________industry flourished, resulting in the multitude of orchards and market gardens. After World War II, migrants flocked to the area in 33 __________- of work on the farms, and in many cases, establishing a property of their own.

Unfortunately, the region has taken a 34 ____________ for the worse over the past decade. The irrigation water that was once plentiful has now been rationed, and many farmers have been forced 35 _____________ the land. The main source of water is from the Goulburn River, with several reservoirs located along its stretch to the mighty Murray River. Dam capacities have fallen to dangerous levels, resulting in some farmers having an inadequate 36 ____________________ of irrigation water.

37_________ the recent hardships, some farmers have continued to eke an existence out of the land. Many have become more ingenious, devising new ways to utilize water plus finding special niches to service the ever-changing urban needs. Perhaps the Goulburn Valley can return to its 38 __________ times soon.

32	1) primary	2) first	3) superior	4) firstly
33	1) finding	2) seek	3) search	4) look
34	1) get	2)turn	3) play	4) work
35	1) off	2) of	3) for	4) in
36	1) supply	2) store	3) reserve	4) budget
37	1) Inspite	2) Despite	3) However	4) Although
38	1) blooming	2) succeed	3) prosperous	4) thriving

№2

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1-8. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1-8, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

Light from the Past

When you stand and look at the stars, you are really looking at past history. The light from Alkaid, the end star in the handle of the Big Dipper, has taken about 210 years to 1 _____ your eyes. If Alkaid stopped 2 _____ today, people on earth would still see it 3 ______ about 210 years. Some of the stars you see here tonight may have stopped existing several thousand years ago. The light from some 4 _____ stars right now will not be seen on earth until thousands, or even millions, of years from now!

It’s 5 _____ breathtaking, and it 6 _____ to the great mystery about the nature of light. Think about water waves. They get smaller and smaller in amplitude as they travel. Their energy is lost in friction among the water molecules. Think of sound waves in the air. They too get weaker and weaker because of friction among the air molecules.

But light waves stop only if they strike something, and their energy is transferred 7 _____ another form. 8 _____, they can go on and on, at the same terrific speed, with no loss of energy, forever!

1	A	approach	B	reach	C	hit	D	achieve
2	A	burning	B	flashing	C	blushing	D	shining
3	A	after	B	through	C	for	D	at
4	A	farewell	B	faraway	C	far	D	fair
5	A	quit	B	quick	C	quiet	D	quite
6	A	enlarges	B	increases	C	adds	D	multiplies
7	A	into	B	onto	C	for	D	at
8	A	although	B	otherwise	C	whatever	D	either

№3

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Annie

Soon everything was back to normal. Annie and her father David were both ashamed of themselves, they went out of their 32 ______ to be kind to one another. David even told himself that he would try to like Sean O’Connell, if that could make his daughter happy. Since Sean’s visit Annie had bloomed, but it was three days now since she had 33 ______ the Irishman and David hoped he had not forgotten her.

As the days passed, Annie ceased looking out of the window every ten seconds in the hope of seeing Sean come to her door. Now Annie and David decided to reopen the club for their regular customers. She felt this would be the best thing for her dad, and he thought it would be the best thing for her. Both of them needed to be busy for their own 34 ______.

Annie was hurt, she had found Sean again only for him to leave her again. She went 35 ______ their evening together and tried to see what she could have done to make him ignore her like this. They had laughed, 36 ______ of their childhood, and their lives since. She thought that he was the only man she could ever love. He liked to 37 ______ his remarks as outrageous as possible. He liked to shock people, and 38 ______ he knew that Annie was one of the few people who saw through him. She knew that he was lonely, unhappy and unable to change his way of life.

32.

 1) road

 2) path

 3) way

 4) pattern

№4

Annie

1)seen

2)looked

3)watched

4) glanced

№5

Annie

1)causes

2)reasons

3)motives

4)purposes

№6

Annie

1)in and on

2)round and round

3)on and on

4)over and over

№7

Annie

1)said

2)talked

3)told

4)chatted

№8

Annie

1) make

2) do

3) keep

4) hold

№9

Annie

1) even

2) yet

3) just

4) once

№10

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 – 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 – 38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 32 and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 33 into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 34 his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

“Six of you!” Uncle Podger exclaimed, “and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!” But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. “Oh, you can stop your 35. I’ve found it myself!”

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: “Well, I want to know if you are going to 36 me here all evening!”

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 37 while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 38, all except Uncle Podger, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.

32	1) scare	2) disturb	3) worry	4) fear
33	1) failed	2) broke	3) ruined	4) fell
34	1) look at	2) look to	3) look after	4) look for
35	1) search	2) investigatiozzn	3) exploration	4) study
36	1) stay	2) keep	3) put	4) take
37	1) dumb	2) cool	3) still	4) silent
38	1) dull	2) tired	3) fresh	4) boring

№11

Your Future World

What will you be doing in 2025? Will you be living in an undersea research station? Will you be the chief engineer 32 ______ a bridge across the Atlantic Ocean? Will you be leading an 33 ______ to the planet Mars? Will you be …?

You can daydream, of course, but nobody knows exactly what the world will be 34 ______. But scientists have made some guesses.

Based on the advances made, they believe people will be healthier. Diphtheria, malaria, tuberculosis, polio and many other killers are under control now. These diseases are on the way out, 35 ______ to germ-killing chemicals, new ways of finding out about our bodies, and new ways of providing clean, safe 36 ______ and water.

Healthier people live longer, so we can expect the world’s population to 37 ______ sharply. It may double in the next forty years! This brings up a serious problem: how will we find food, water, and minerals for such a huge population?

Scientists are at work on some 38 ______. From the ocean they hope to get new fertilizers to increase the yield of the soil; new chemicals to kill crop-destroying insects without hurting other animals, new sources of water or supplies of food.

32. 1) inventing; 2) designing; 3) scheming; 4) doing

33. 1) exploration; 2) expenditure; 3) expedition; 4) exhibit

34. 1) like; 2) alike; 3) likely; 4) likable

35. 1) as a result; 2) because; 3) on account; 4) thanks

36. 1) eat; 2) feed; 3) food; 4) cooking

37. 1) decrease; 2) distract; 3) dissolve; 4) increase

38. 1) solutions; 2) alternatives; 3) preferences; 4) questions

№12

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

My company

In 1978 I was chairman of Cooper’s, a company which ran 127 vehicles of various weights and sizes. We 32 _________ in transporting goods by road.

My father had founded the firm in 1931, starting out with three vehicles ⎯ two of them driven by horses. By the time we became Cooper & Son in 1967, the company had 33 ______________ in obtaining seventeen big trucks and delivered goods all over the north of England.

My father insisted that I leave school the moment I passed my O levels. “I’ll teach you more about the real world in a month than you’d learn from any of those university types in a lifetime,” he 34 _________________ to say. I followed his advice and never 35 ________________ it. I left school a few weeks after my sixteenth birthday. The next morning I joined Cooper’s as an apprentice, and spent my first three years at the depot under the watchful eye of Buster Jackson, the works manager. He taught me how to take the company’s trucks 36______________ and, more important, how to put them back together again.

After graduating from the workshop, I spent five years in different departments. When my father retired in 1977 ⎯ at the age of seventy ⎯ I took over as chairman. Then I began to set in motion some ideas I’d been working on for the past decade, 37 ______________ I knew my father didn’t approve of them. I never 38 ______________ him, but Europe was only the beginning of my plans for the company’s expansion.

32	1) concentrated	2) focused	3) specialized	4) devoted
33	1) achieved	2) succeeded	3) managed	4) fulfilled
34	1) kept	2) held	3) used	4) took
35	1) dissatisfied	2) disappointed	3) displeased	4) regretted
36	1) away	2) apart	3) along	4) among
37	1) although	2) moreover	3) however	4) therefore
38	1) spoke	2) said	3) told	4) talked

№13

To Hear a Child

I believe in patience. I live as a volunteer residential counselor in a small group home. These boys have brought joy and happiness into my life; they have made me laugh and made me proud. However, they have also challenged me, made me angry and tested my patience.

Each day we start anew, going about a 32______ routine. I drive them to school, pick them up, cook for them and help with homework. We spend the evenings 33______ about what happened during the day. I meet their teachers and study for tests with them. They are the last people I see each night and the first ones I hear in the morning. They have become a 34______ of my life. I am twenty-two and am beginning to understand the love of a parent.

I could not have come this far without patience. They do not think like miniature adults and it is not fair to expect them to. 35______ my expectations of them are high, I must remember that so much of what they see and understand is for the first time. First love, first failed test, first time feeling the need to break away from the nest. I must have patience with them, because there is still a child within that comes out when I least expect it.

This world is a fast-paced, fast-food, fast-internet place. 36______, no matter how fast things move, children will be children. I believe they will mature quicker and with more tools if I am patient. I see it in their eyes. Over time, sad eyes can glisten again, but only if I am 37______ of the fact that it takes them longer to get somewhere.

I see around them a world that expects too much of them. They come 38______ too many things that give them too much sadness. They listen to me, respect me and understand reason but not always when I want them to. This opportunity has given me wisdom but only when I was patient enough to hear a child.

32	1)	daily	2)	common	3)	average	4)	traditional
33	1)	discussing	2)	debating	3)	talking	4)	saying
34	1)	bit	2)	part	3)	parcel	4)	piece
35	1)	Also	2)	Altogether	3)	Although	4)	Thus
36	1)	Nevertheless	2)	Nevermore	3)	Although	4)	Therefore
37	1)	common	2)	familiar	3)	aware	4)	acquainted
38	1)	through	2)	along	3)	upon	4)	across

№14

Amos

It wasn’t unusual for Amos to go to Deravenels on Saturday, even though the offices were closed over the weekend. He 32 ______ to go to tidy up his paperwork and do other small jobs he couldn’t attend to during the week.

But on this Saturday morning he had a specific purpose when he arrived at the grand old building on the Strand. The uniformed doorman 33 ______ Amos close his umbrella and take off his raincoat. Then he touched his cap and said, “Good morning, Mr. Finnister”.

Amos had come to the office to 34 ______ a few telephone calls. His first call was to the RoyalLondonHospital, Whitechapel, where he quickly discovered the records office was not open on weekends. He then dialed Ravenscar and was put through to Edward Deravenel.

“Good morning, Amos,” Edward said. “I’m assuming you have some news for me.” Amos then relayed all the information he had gathered the night before.

“Well done, Amos!” Edward exclaimed. “Thank you for going into all this 35 ______ . I knew I could depend 36 ______ you. My wife will be happy as I am to know everything; it’s been such a mystery all these years. To 37 ______ the truth, I think that Grace Rose should also know what happened to her mother. It will finally put her mind at rest.”

“I agree, sir. I will telephone you on Monday”. Amos walked home, 38 ______ no attention to the heavy rain. He felt happy.

32	1) held	2) took	3) used	4) kept
33	1) looked	2) gazed	3) stared	4) watched
34	1) take	2) do	3) make	4) give
35	1) worry	2) trouble	3) bother	4) mess
36	1) at	2) on	3) in	4) of
37	1) tell	2) speak	3) say	4) talk
38	1) turning	2) paying	3) drawing	4) bringing

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Источник

1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The letter

Michelle was looking for her sister, Lynn, because the day’s post had arrived and one of the letters was for her. She found her in the living room, ___ (LISTEN) to music with her headphones on.

2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Michelle pulled Lynn’s headphones off and told her she had received a letter. ‘Oh, from ___ (WHO) ?’ Lynn said aloud, even though she could have just looked at it.

3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The envelope said ‘Teen Ink’ and Lynn got very excited. She ripped open the envelope and read the letter as fast as she could without missing a word. Her article ___ (WIN) first prize in a competition, and she was going to be a published author!

4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Teacher’s pet

It seems that it would be a good idea for any student to want to be teacher’s ‘pet’, or favourite. After all, if a teacher likes you the most, that teacher ___ (REWARD) you with the most privileges in class, won’t they?

5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Strangely, though, almost no student wants this role! If they were given the choice, they ___ (PREFER) to have a good relationship, but not too favourable.

6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Unfortunately, kids who are labelled teacher’s pet ___ (MAKE) fun of by their classmates. The other students become jealous, so they try to level things out by giving the favoured student a hard time.

7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

If anyone ever calls you a teacher’s pet, don’t let it get to you. It’s nothing but positive to have a good relationship with teachers, so just be ___ (YOU) and ignore the others.

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

St Ives

When the British travel in their own country for a holiday, what’s their favourite destination? This topic could lead to a ___ (LENGTH) discussion, but one place that often wins awards is St Ives.

9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

St Ives is a town in Cornwall, the most south-westerly county in England. It lies on the Celtic Sea at the tip of the Cornish peninsula, and its white-sand beaches and year-round pleasant weather make it seem ___ (TROPICS) in comparison to the rest of Britain.

10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The town has a rich past, and some notable buildings date back centuries. A fisherman’s tavern known as the Sloop Inn is believed to have been built in 1312 and has displayed the ___ (PAINT) of local artists for many years.

11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Although mostly regarded as a resort town now, St Ives was ___ (HISTORY) a fishing port, one of the largest in the area. Billions of fish have been exported from the town over the years.

12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Dozens of artists make St Ives their home. They gain much ___ (INSPIRE) from looking out to the open seas or at the lovely landscaped hills on the inland side.

13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The work that the artists of St Ives do is so ___ (IMPRESS) that a Tate gallery has been founded in the town and documentaries have been made to showcase the artists’ lives.

14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Fausto

It had been Faustos dream to live in the UK since he had visited as a child and fallen in love with it. It was so different from his ___ country of Portugal.

1) local
2) natural
3) native
4) original

15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

And he liked British culture and the way people spoke English. When the opportunity to study there came up, he ___ at the chance.

1) ran
2) jumped
3) hopped
4) skipped

16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The day had finally come to meet his host family. Having just arrived at Heathrow airport, Fausto was excited to meet them, although he was also a bit apprehensive. But he was on an adventure, and that was to be enjoyed ___ all.

1) across
2) beyond
3) over
4) above

17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

He knew a few things about the family. The father, Donald Hines, worked as a computer ___, which Fausto thought was really cool, and the mother, Diane, worked as a nurse in the emergency care centre of a hospital. The couple had one son, Martin, who was the same age as Fausto.

1) maker
2) programmer
3) creator
4) inventor

18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Although he had been studying English for years, Fausto wasn’t very good at speaking the language. He had trouble ___ certain words and spoke rather slowly.

1) pronouncing
2) announcing
3) voicing
4) talking

19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

His reading and writing skills were excellent though, and he understood spoken English perfectly. He hoped his lack of speaking skills wouldn’t interfere ___ his communication for long.

1) towards
2) about
3) with
4) in

20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

As he exited the flight terminal, he saw Diane waiting for him with the rest of the family. She greeted him with open arms and gave him a big hug, which helped to ___ Faustos nerves a lot!

1) stroke
2) stop
3) calm
4) silence

Источник

Задание 1

Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1.	A diary in your mobile may be a good idea.
2.	This way to remember things doesn’t go well with hygiene.
3.	One should keep used diaries and daily planners.
4.	This technique is not good for remembering things.
5.	Good memory may be a question of genetics.
6.	Writing things on pieces of paper is convenient.
7.	Keeping a diary can help not to forget things.

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Задания 3-9

Прослушайте интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

Задание 10

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1	When we don’t sleep
2	Not only for humans
3	How dreaming helps
4	When we dream
5	Why dreams can be scary
6	What we feel dreaming
7	How we forget dreams
8	How we remember dreams

A	Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night.
B	Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life.
C	Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day.
D	Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person.
E	There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.
F	Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively.
G	Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall.

Задание 11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Promoting language learning
The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its
citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate
with each other. It does so by A_____________________ to promote the teaching
and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in
common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often
three or more, EU countries.
The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education
policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national
education policy, B_____________________. What the EU programmes do is to
create links between countries and regions via joint projects,
C_____________________.
Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella
of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support
under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant
languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in
each country, E_____________________.
The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural
diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and
subtitling of European films for F _________. The “Culture”
programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern
authors into other EU languages.

and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
which includes language teaching and learning
cinemas and television in other EU countries
which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
funding a number of educational programmes
and encouraging people to learn new languages
where details about the application procedures are given

Задания 12-18

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному
варианту ответа.

Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree
with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth
can kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to
collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to
understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on
our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers
underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water
can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water
decreases.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth.
It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible
climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as
time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science
fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of
the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s much
more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the
successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of
the matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone,
computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space.
When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core.
The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and
comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are
made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes
could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push
them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water,
such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an
electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and
hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has
already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS).
The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and
Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for
getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in
motion now.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples
from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of
500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in
orbit.
We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We
can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in
a smart way.

Задания 19-25

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.

One airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for the airline. [FLY]

A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard. He thought that passengers angry comments. [HAVE]

However, it seemed that all of were too shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes, Madam,’ said the pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we land or were we shot down?’ [THEY]

The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada. It between 1238 and 1358 at the end of
Muslim rule in Spain. Despite the development that followed the Christian conquest, it still looks like a medieval Moorish settlement. [BUILD]

Since the Middle Ages, the Alhambra as a remarkable example of a Spanish-Moorish town. As most fortresses of that time, it has a surrounding wall, but it looks fairly weak. [SURVIVE]

Later it the kings of Granada and was just supposed to offer nice views. [NOT/DEFEND]

Today, the Alhambra to be one of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture. [CONSIDER]

Задания 26-31

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31,
однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.

Задания 32-38

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 32 ____________________ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important. The ceremony turned 33 ______________________ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 34 ______________________ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford – as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year. We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 35 _____________________ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 36 _____________________ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 37 ___________________ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 38 __________________ was, “Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end.”

При выполнении заданий 32-38 вам поможет:

Методичка “Фразовые глаголы”

Задание 39

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Joan who writes:

… When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains? How do you protect yourself from bad weather?
I bought new shoes two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store …

Write a letter to Joan.
In your letter
– answer her questions
– ask 3 questions about her new shoes
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Как написать личное письмо на ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Задание 40

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выразите своё мнение
по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

40.1 Exams motivate students to study harder.

40.2 It is better for children to grow up in the city.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
– make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given
statement);
– express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion;
– express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing
opinion;
– explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion;
– make a conclusion restating your position.

Вам помогут:

Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”

Курс эссе

Удачи на экзамене!

Источник

3. Лексико-грамматический блок

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Задания

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Молодец!

Задание 1

Задание 2

Задания 3-9

Задание 10

Задание 11

Задания 12-18

Задания 19-25

Задания 26-31

Задания 32-38

Задание 39

Задание 40

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