Why do the chinese call the yellow river егэ

Yellow River or Huang He River the Cultural Symbol Across Time and Space — History, Facts, and Symbolic Meanings

Yellow River or Huang He in Henan Province, Photo by Guo Ping.

Yellow River

Farmland and Ancient Buildings Next To Upper Reaches of Yellow River or Huang He River in Ningxia Province, Photo by Li Peng.

Name

Yellow River in Jinshan Canyon (Boundary of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia Provinces) on Loess Plateau, Photo by Xu Zhaochao.

Data

Huang He Wetland National Nature Reserve of Henan, Photo by Dong Dongfeng.

Bronze Ritual Food Container (Suigong Xu) of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC — 771 BC), with Inscriptions that Recorded Yu the Great Defeating Huge Flood — Poly Art Museum

Stars Sea (Xingxiu Hai) in Source Area in Qinghai Province, Photo by Gu Cheng. 

Hukou Waterfall, Photo from Official Site of Yan’an Hukou Waterfall. 

Civilizations

Red-crowned Crane Bone Made Flute, Peiligang Culture  — Henan Antique Archaeology Institute (Photo by Dongmaiying)

Painted Pottery Basin with Human and Fish Patterns of Yangshao Culture — National Museum of China (Photo by Dongmaiying)

Thin Fetal Black Pottery Chalice of Longshan Culture — National Museum of China (Photo by Dongmaiying)

Bronze Wine Cup (Jue) Unearthed from Erlitou Site that Believed as Capital of the Xia Dynasty — Luoyang Museum (Photo by Dongmaiying)

Impact

Farmlands on Basin in Shanxi Province, Photo by Dang Yongli.

Flood Discharge of Longyangxia Dam, Photo by Li Junbo.

Laoniu Bay in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia, Photo by Chang Guojun.

Poems

Yellow River and Helan Mountain in Guidegou Geology Park in Ningxia Province, Photo by Guo Zhihong.

Sunset of Huanghe River, Photo by Gu Cheng.

Sandy Yellow River Turns Sharply in Jinshan Canyon (Boundary of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia Provinces), Photo by Xu Zhaochao.

Huang He River next to Meidai Mountain of Luoyang City, Photo by Gu Cheng.

Ancient Buildings on Laoniu Bay in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia, Photo by Gu Cheng.

• Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame – my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A—-, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, B——-. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, C———.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D———,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E——-, for which I could charge £25–30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F———-.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their CVs

1) but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

2) which I would happily spend as I liked

3) which let me know he approved of me

4) and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

5) which I needed to become a professional skier

6) that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

7) and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

Ответы: — 624715

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• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last summer my parents and I went hiking to the mountains. We spent the whole week together and enjoyed it very much. How often do you take active holidays? Who do you think is the best company for you? What extreme sports would you like to try, if any, and why?

Last month our English class got an interesting project. We wrote a paper about interesting events in the past of our country

• Lots of fun in Cardiff

As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A — . Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff’s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff’s Festival of the Arts B — . Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars C — . Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of “Christmas City”. And there is entertainment for all the family, D — .

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London “West End” shows E — .

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F — . And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

1) joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

2) having their summer holidays in Cardiff

3) beating with dance and theatrical performances

4) from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

5) which features music, film, literature and graphics

6) from international names to family-run guest houses

7) that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

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• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

 … I have just returned from our school volleyball competition. I played for my class team and we won! What sport competitions are held in your school, if any? How can you become a member of your school sport team? Is it an easy thing to do? What kind of sport sections can you attend at school or in town?

Oh, I have some more good news! My sister had a great birthday party yesterday!

• Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

     The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs – a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A —— in 1997.

     The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation B—— well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

      «Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience … C ——-,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D —— young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

      Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago. «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E——-. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

     A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ——— and can be life-changing.»

• 1)that young people should stay on at school, as

2) that inspire young people is immeasurable

3) but an increasing shortage of work experience means

4) but a lot more of it is being done online

5) 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

6) that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

7) young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

• Ответы: — 517342
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• . You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

… Yesterday my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were very busy with cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got quite tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties, if any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house work? Do you find helping your parents necessary, why or why not?

Oh, I have some great news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday…

• Write a letter to Jane

• Friendship And Love

A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person 1—— . I believe that nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy

.I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, 2—— . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, 3 ——- . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something 4 ——— .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that 5 —— . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, 6 —— .

A. but we did anyway

B. whenever a need arises

C. they did not really care

D. whenever they need your help

• E. I could not guarantee would even last

F. I am eternally grateful for a second chance

G. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on

Ответы: BACEGF

• . You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

• Arizona’s world class cruise

      Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A —————— , now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, “The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something B ———.” You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama C—— . Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

      Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ——- . Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ———— .

      All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F —————,  like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

1) that none of the others have

2) who pays much attention to children’s safety

3) continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

4) hovering over the magnificent lake

5) that nature has ever created in the wild

6) who retells the legends of the mysterious past

7) for yourself why there is nothing quite

• Ответы: 315467
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• 6. You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your pen-friend Tom who writes:

… In our city we have an annual competition for teenagers who make their own short films. This year I got the second prize for a film about my grandparents. Do you think it’s important to record family history? Who do you think should do it? How can it be done best?

This month is my mom’s birthday and now I am thinking about a gift for her. I want it to be very special

        Orient Express

      In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

     By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A —— . This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people B —— . The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

     In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

     Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, C ——- , the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

     Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D ———  in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E——— .

     Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ————  to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

1) which connected Switzerland and Italy

2) there was no money

3) that served dishes and wines

4) elegant meals were served to passengers

5) who rode the train

6) to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

7) who wrote about it

Ответы: 461352

• . You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there?

This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents

• Harry Potter course for university students

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ——  modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed B  ——- a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C ——-  the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D  —— body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ——- . You just need to read the academic writing which started F —-  that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1) up for the optional module, part of

2) such as the moral universe of the school

3) to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

4) including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

5) to emerge four or five years ago to see

6) such as the response of the writer

7) to growing demand from the student

Ответы: 314765

• You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Robert who writes:

• America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A —— . If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us – or B —— . Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С —— . Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ———  with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E —— . The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F —— , this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

1) by joining our e-community

2) that are offered to the visitors

• 3) its glamorous past and fun-filled present

4) that was sweeping the country

5) to learn more about American history

6) as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

7) celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

• Ответы:  614375
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• 3. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend John who writes:

• My Stage

My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky 1 — . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and 2 —- .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes 3 —- . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around 4 —- . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, 5 —- . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, 6  ——. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life

Ответы: CFADGE

• 2. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nick who writes:

• London Zoo

London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A —- ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers B —- . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, C  —-.

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D —— . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E  ——  unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ——— .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

1) because they see and touch them close up

2) such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

3) as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

4) that is not counting every ant in the colony

5) which demand much time and effort

6) which take place every day, from

7) despite the serious side to our work

• Оветы: 427163

• ——————————————————————————————————————————————1.You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

• Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, 1 —- .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, 2 —- .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, 3 —— .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, 4  ——.

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images 5 —— .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light 6  ——.

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

A. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

B. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

C. which is invisible to the human eye.

D. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

E. so it has a clear view of space.

F. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

G. but where it is.

Ответы: DGAEBC

• 1.You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

• Hi-tech brings families together

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.
Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are 1 —- . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home 2 —- . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more 3 —- .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, 4 —- , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time 5 —— . Only 58% of 18-29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online 6 ——  several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

«Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet,» said the report.

A. than any other group

B. watching television

C. in the company of someone else

D. than two computers in the home

E. communicated with their families

F. helping them communicate

G. owning a mobile

• Ответы: EADGBC
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• You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nick who writes:

• Lindsay Wildlife Museum

Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A —-  of the museum. Nature- and science-oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, B —— . Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing C  ——-.

The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ———-.

After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ——- . With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects.

People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ———-  urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme – the first of its kind in the United States of America – began in 1970.

1) that needed public attention and a new building

2) through education programmes and on-site tours

3) many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

4) that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

5) as well as field trips focused on the natural world

6) that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

7) as well as teach children and adults about nature

• Ответы: 273546
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• You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend John who writes:

• Duration of life and its social implications

 The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A —— , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. B —-  a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound C —— . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ——-  for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ——  population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ——  that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

1) the change is due to

2) a huge shift towards an ageing population

3) as proportions of older people increase in most countries

4) while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

5) which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

6) the alarm about these changes

7) which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

• Ответы:216437
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• You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Robert who writes:

• The Power Of ‘Hello’

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, 1 —— .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, 2 —— .
After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, «You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail 3  —-«. That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in; 4  ——. I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point, I asked him 5 —— . He said, «If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.»
I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, 6 —— .

• A. it has become a way of life

B. when it passes you on the street

C. when you see him and talk to him

D. and it lets them come into mine, too

E. so I did not pay any attention to him

F. however small or simple the greeting is

G. how far he thought I could go in his company

Ответы: FEBAGD

• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there?

This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.

• Mobile phones

On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A —- .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact B —- .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular C —- . But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D —- . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E —- . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F —— , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

1) that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

2) the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

3) and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

4) the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

5) trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

6) that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

7) and relying instead on actual call charges

• Ответы: 361527
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• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your pen-friend Tom who writes:

… In our city we have an annual competition for teenagers who make their own short films. This year I got the second prize for a film about my grandparents. Do you think it’s important to record family history? Who do you think should do it? How can it be done best?

This month is my mom’s birthday and now I am thinking about a gift for her. I want it to be very special

• The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively 1 —— . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics 2 —— .
• Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means 3 —- . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound 4 —- . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also 5 —- . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, 6  —-.

• A. and finally measure them.

B. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

C. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

D. since a loud sound is of high intensity.

E. as they study mechanical forces.

F. as a painful sensation in the ear.

G. that the unaided human ear can detect

Ответы: ECAGFB

• . You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

• Nenets Culture affected by Global Warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile-long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A  —- around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December — B .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable – with unseasonal snowstorms C —- , and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D  —-,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, there are clear signs E —- . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes – there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F —- .

1) when the reindeer give birth in May

2) that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

3) that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

4) when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

5) the environment is under pressure

6) and set up their camps in the southern forests

7) and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

Ответы: 641752

• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

… Yesterday my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were very busy with cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got quite tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties, if any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house work? Do you find helping your parents necessary, why or why not?

Oh, I have some great news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday…

Write a letter to Jane

• Changing image

For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A —- . Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, B —-  of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject C  —- and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars  —-D , either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ——  popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ——- .

1) that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

2) as well as resources on art, technology and drama

3) ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

4) as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

5) who are eager to help in any possible way they can

6) ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

7) who is sitting to determine exact measurements

Ответы: 346512

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• . You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

 … I have just returned from our school volleyball competition. I played for my class team and we won! What sport competitions are held in your school, if any? How can you become a member of your school sport team? Is it an easy thing to do? What kind of sport sections can you attend at school or in town?

Oh, I have some more good news! My sister had a great birthday party yesterday

• Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study.

Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A  — to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion B — , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in C —- .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D —- . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E — , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F —— .”

1. that laughter is a uniquely human trait
2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

• 3) while their caretakers tickled them

4) that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

5) to trace the origin of laughter back

6) whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

7) that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

Ответы:  516374

• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last summer my parents and I went hiking to the mountains. We spent the whole week together and enjoyed it very much. How often do you take active holidays? Who do you think is the best company for you? What extreme sports would you like to try, if any, and why?

Last month our English class got an interesting project. We wrote a paper about interesting events in the past of our country

• Fire crews hunt escaped hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner 1 — , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: «We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone 2  —.»
The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused 3 — .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards.
They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole 4 —— , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food 5 —- .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie 6 —- .
The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

A. through a small hole in the floor

B. through the hole for the hamster

C. and locked the runaway hamster

• D. to come out of the hole

E. to look after the pet

F. to try and locate the missing hamster

G. and left it under the floorboards

Ответы: FADGBC

• You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last summer my parents and I went hiking to the mountains. We spent the whole week together and enjoyed it very much. How often do you take active holidays? Who do you think is the best company for you? What extreme sports would you like to try, if any, and why?

Last month our English class got an interesting project. We wrote a paper about interesting events in the past of our country