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Версия для печати и копирования в MS Word
1
Тип 25 № 48 
Образуйте от слова CALCULATE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Computer
Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex _____ .
1
Тип 19 № 41
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: Teotihuacan
Long ago Teotihuacan was an important religious and economic centre. However, after there _____ a great fire, for some unknown reason all the population decided to leave the city. This happened in 650AD.
2
Тип 20 № 42
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Since then Teotihuacan _____ the Aztecs, the Spanish invasion and many other people and events.
3
Тип 21 № 43
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово REMAIN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Nowadays Teotihuacan is visited by millions of people every year. Archeologists are sure that it _____ popular in the future being a must-see if you’re in Mexico City.
4
Тип 22 № 44
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово RULE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Forbidden City
Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum visited by millions of tourists from around the world. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China had to leave the palace, twenty four emperors of the two dynasties _____ here.
5
Тип 23 № 45
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово INVEST так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Chinese people _____ a lot of time and money in the Forbidden City lately and it is now a fantastic place to walk and dream of the past centuries.
6
Тип 24 № 46
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KEEP так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
People from all over the world can see the traditional palace architecture, enjoy the treasures _____ in the palace, and learn of the legends and anecdotes about the imperial family and the court.
7
Задания Д25 № 47
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово VISIT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Protected by UNESCO, the Palace Museum _____ by millions of tourists every year.
8
Тип 26 № 49
Образуйте от слова DISCOVER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
However, after World War II an important _____ was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuce.
9
Тип 27 № 50
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that could be used by an engineer or a _____ .
10
Тип 28 № 51
Образуйте от слова SIMILAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which shows an amazing _____ to today’s most advanced computer languages.
11
Тип 29 № 52
Образуйте от слова KNOWN однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still _____ to many people.
2
Тип 25 № 94
Образуйте от слова USUAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Bubble Gum
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is ______ pink in colour and has a particular flavour.
1
Тип 19 № 87
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GREAT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Great Wall of China
Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall runs up and down deserts, mountains and grasslands for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the ______ wonders of the world with more than 2,000 years of history.
2
Тип 20 № 88
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Great Wall ______ by several Chinese dynasties in order to protect the Chinese Empire from different aggressors.
3
Тип 21 № 89
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BEGIN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The building of the Wall of stone and earth ______ in the 6th century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
4
Тип 22 № 90
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KNOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It ______ that from 2 to 3 million Chinese people died during its construction.
5
Тип 23 № 91
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BECOME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Since then, the Great Wall of China ______ a symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument of the Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
6
Тип 24 № 92
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BRING так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Nowadays, a visit to the Great Wall is like a tour through history backwards; it ______ tourists great excitement to walk on the Great Wall of China, to stand on a watchtower and view the wall disappearing in the distance.
7
Задания Д25 № 93
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
This treasure is protected by UNESCO and future generations ______ the Great Wall with the same wonder and amazement as we do now.
8
Тип 26 № 95
Образуйте от слова DIFFER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a ______ gum.
9
Тип 27 № 96
Образуйте от слова STICK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It was less ______ than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.
10
Тип 28 № 97
Образуйте от слова POSSIBLE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the ______ of making money.
11
Тип 29 № 98
Образуйте от слова DEMONSTRATE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
He took the gum, which he had given the name Bubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a ______ to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.
3
Образуйте от слова REAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Crossword Puzzle
Crossword puzzles are the most popular word puzzles in the world. However, their history is ______ short.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LARGE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan is an enormous archaeological site in Mexico. It contains some of the ______ pyramids in America.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KNOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Also, the archaeological site of Teotihuacan ______ for the so-called ‘street of the dead’ and its colourful frescos.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BECOME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Between 1AD and 250AD Teotihuacan ______ an important religious and economic centre when the construction of the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon had been finished.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THEY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
At that time as many as 200,000 people lived in Teotihuacan in ______ 2,000 houses.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово POPULAR так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Forbidden City
Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum that draws the attention of millions of travellers and tourists from around the world. Some people think that it is one of the ______ sights in the world.
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It ______ as the Chinese imperial palace by one of the emperors. It was also the ceremonial and political centre of the Chinese government for almost five centuries.
7
Задания Д25 № 185
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово INCLUDE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Now it is known as the Palace Museum that covers 74 hectares ______ over 900 buildings with 9 999 rooms.
8
Образуйте от слова APPEAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They were created in the 19th century in England, but the ______ of the first published crossword puzzle took place in 1913 in the New York World newspaper.
9
Образуйте от слова JOURNAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The author of the puzzle was Arthur Wynne, a ______ born in Liverpool, England.
10
Образуйте от слова DIFFER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Wynne’s crossword puzzle looked much ______ from the crosswords used today and had no black squares.
11
Образуйте от слова POPULAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
At first, only the New York World published such puzzles every week. But in 1924 the first collection of World puzzles was printed in book form and crossword puzzles immediately gained ______ .
4
Образуйте от слова MOVE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Migrating Birds
In autumn you can see large flocks of birds flying from Russia to warmer countries. In spring, they come back to us. Migration is the periodic seasonal ______ of birds.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово PLAY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The ‘All Blacks’
Rugby is the most popular sport in New Zealand. The country even has a Rugby Museum. The game ______ there as early as the 1860s.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CALL так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The game spread quickly. Soon New Zealand’s national team appeared. It ______ the “All Blacks” and not because of the colour of the players’ skin.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово MAN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They got their name because all the ______ in the team wore black shorts, shirts, socks and shoes when they play rugby.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово ONE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
In 1884 they went to New South Wales, Australia to play and won eight games! It was the ______ international competition for them.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NOT MEAN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Before a rugby match, the “All Blacks” dance a special Maori war dance. The Maories are the New Zealand aborigines. It ______ that all the players in the team are Maori but they all perform the dance.
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LIVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Today the most popular player is Jonah Lomu. He is a ______ legend of New Zealand rugby.
7
Задания Д25 № 277
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово YOUNG так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
He was just 19 when he started playing for the “All Blacks” in 1994 and became the ______ player in rugby history.
8
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The main routes connect Europe and Africa, Europe and South-Eastern Asia and Australia, North and South America. How do we know about these routes? ______ study birds. They catch birds, place small bands with numbers on the birds’ legs and then let the birds fly away. Some of these banded birds are caught again. The band tells about the route.
9
Образуйте от слова QUICK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Some birds fly very ______ and they can feed on the wing. They migrate in the daytime.
10
Образуйте от слова DARK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Swallows and swifts do this. Cuckoos fly during the night and rest and feed during the day. Swimming birds can fly both during the day and night, in complete ______ .
11
Образуйте от слова POWER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
How long can birds fly for without a stop? The tiny hummingbird weighs only about as much as a small coin. But it has ______ wings.
5
Образуйте от слова DARK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Least Successful Explorer
Thomas Nuttall spent many years studying the plants and trees in north-west America. He was different from most other explorers because he was almost always lost.
One night he did not come back and a group went out to search for him. When Nuttall heard them in the ______ , he was frightened.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово MAKE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
A Picnic Spot
‘It’s a perfect day for a picnic’, said Mr. Wolf. ‘Do you think you could pack us a lunch?’
‘I certainly could’, said Mrs. Wolf. So the decision ______ .
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CAN NOT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
But once she and Mr. Wolf and their son and daughter were out in the summer woods, they ______ find the right spot.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THREE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
One picnic spot was too shady, another was too sunny and hot. The ______ had no wild flowers around it.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GOOD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
And when at last they found one with all those things, Mrs. Wolf cried, ‘Oh, but here there’s no water. Surely we can find a ______ spot than this one.’
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CHILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
When it was lunchtime, everyone was very hungry. At last the ______ cried:
‘Please hurry up and choose a picnic place.’
‘Yes, please, do.’ Mr. Wolf said. ‘This basket is so heavy.’
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово WE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
‘All right,’ agreed Mrs. Wolf. ‘Let_______ just go round the next turn in the path — and there we will eat.’
7
Задания Д25 № 323
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LOOK так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
So they went around the turn and soon came into their own back yard! Mr. Wolf quickly put down his basket. ‘It’s a perfect spot for a picnic,’ he said ______ around with a smile.
‘Chairs, and a table, and a pool — and a beautiful flower garden!’ And they decided to have picnics there all summer long.
8
Образуйте от слова POSSIBLE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
You may think it was ______ , but he believed that they were Indians and tried to escape.
9
Образуйте от слова SERVE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Getting more and more angry, Nuttall’s ______ chased him for three days through the forest and across rivers until he accidentally arrived back at their tents.
10
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Another day the ______ was lost again. He was walking for many hours, he felt very tired, so he lay down to rest.
11
Образуйте от слова POWER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
An Indian found him lying there.
Nuttall did not look dangerous. In fact, he looked quite helpless. The Indian felt sorry for him and decided not to kill him. Instead, the strong-built, ______ man picked the explorer up and carried him three miles to the river.
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History of Gum
История появления жевательной резинки
Перевод: Екатерина Шамшурина.
People worldwide have chewed on natural materials for hundreds of years. Some of these materials include thickened resin and latex from certain types of trees, various sweet grasses, leaves, grains and waxes.
В течение многих сотен лет люди по всему миру использовали в качестве жвачки всевозможные дары природы, например, сгущенные смолы и млечный сок определенных видов деревьев, различных трав со сладковатым вкусом, листьев, зерен, а также различные виды воска.
The ancient Greeks chewed mastic gum (or mastiche, pronounced «mas-tee-ka») for centuries. This substance is formed from the resin contained in the bark of the mastic tree found mainly in Greece and Turkey. Grecian women favored chewing mastic gum to clean their teeth and sweeten their breath.
Древние греки в течение многих сотен лет жевали мастику. Мастика – это смола, содержащаяся в коре мастикового дерева, которое растет в основном в Греции и Турции. Гречанки предпочитали жевать мастику для очистки зубов, и чтобы сделать дыхание более свежим.
The Indians of New England taught American colonists to quench their thirsts by chewing the gum-like resin that forms on spruce trees when its bark is cut. In the early 1800s, lumps of this spruce gum were sold in the eastern United States, making it America’s first commercial chewing gum. Sweetened paraffin wax became an acceptable alternative around 1850 and eventually surpassed spruce gum in popularity.
Индейцы, проживавшие на территории Новой Англии, научили прибывших в Америку поселенцев утолять жажду при помощи жевания еловой смолы, которая появляется при надрезании коры дерева. В самом начале 19 века в восточной части США люди начали продавать кусочки еловой смолы, то есть это была первая жвачка, которую можно было купить. Позднее, примерно в 50х годах 19 века подслащенный парафиновый воск стал еще одной доступной альтернативой в качестве жвачки, и в конце концов он превзошел по популярности еловую смолу.
Modern gum products evolved from a chicle-based gum brought to the United States in the early 1860s. Chicle is derived from the milky juice (latex) of the sapodilla tree that grows in tropical rain forests of Central America. This tree is found mainly in the areas of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, which lie within the Yucatan Peninsula.
Прототипом для создания современной жевательной резинки послужила жвачка на основе чикла, появившаяся в США в начале 1860х годов. Чикл добывается из млечного сока (латекса) дерева под названием саподилла, произрастающего в тропических лесах центральной Америки. Это дерево главным образом можно найти на территории Мексики, Гватемалы и Белиза, которые расположены на полуострове Юкатан.
Due to the increased popularity of these products, the demand for chicle rose quickly. But, as chicle-suppliers soon realized, their ability to supply chicle was limited by the trees from which it was derived. The trees needed an average of four to eight years of rest between tappings. When chicle-bearing trees of Central America could not keep up with demand, manufacturers turned to synthetic gum bases to continue their business.
Из-за возросшей популярности этих продуктов, спрос на чикл тоже быстро увеличился. Но поставщики чикла вскоре поняли, что возможность его предоставлять ограничивается количеством деревьев, которые его производят. Деревьям нужно примерно от четырех до восьми лет отдыха после сбора чикла. Когда выяснилось, что растительный источник чикла не может удовлетворить потребности в нем, производители жевательной резинки, чтобы развивать свой бизнес дальше, перешли на жвачку, созданную на основе искусственных материалов.
Paraffin, originally discovered in 1830, was an option as it is colorless, odorless, tasteless and plentiful, but others kept searching for a better material. An Ohio dentist used rubber to create a gum product for jaw exercise and gum stimulation. William F. Semple was honored for this work with the first patent to manufacture chewing gum in December 1869.
Парафин, впервые обнаруженный в 1830 году, стал хорошей альтернативой чиклу, потому что он без цвета, без запаха, без вкуса, и его можно получить в огромных количествах. Однако поиски лучшего материала продолжались. Зубной врач из штата Огайо использовал резину для создания жвачки, которая предназначалась для тренировки челюстей и стимуляции десен. Создателем же жвачки, которая стала производиться в фабричных условиях, стал Уильям Ф. Сэмпл, который первым запатентовал жевательную резинку в декабре 1869 года.
Today, gum base is made of man-made latex and divided into two major categories, chewing and bubble gum, with the latter having more elasticity. In recent years, nonstick gum bases for chewing and bubble gums have been formulated to satisfy the chewing needs of more consumers.
В настоящее время основу для жевательной резинки составляет искусственный латекс, который имеет две разновидности: для создания просто жевательной резинки и для создания резинки, из которой можно надувать пузыри, последний вид латекса должен быть более эластичным. Не так давно, чтобы удовлетворить нужды еще большего количества потребителей, были созданы жевательные резинки, которые не прилипают к поверхности.
Проверенные репетиторы по английскому языку на Study.ru.
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1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Great Wall of China
Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall runs up and down deserts, mountains and grasslands for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the ___ (GREAT) wonders of the world with more than 2,000 years of history.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The Great Wall ___ (BUILD) by several Chinese dynasties in order to protect the Chinese Empire from different aggressors.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The building of the Wall of stone and earth ___ (BEGIN) in the 6th century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It ___ (KNOW) that from 2 to 3 million Chinese people died during its construction.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Since then, the Great Wall of China ___ (BECOME) a symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument of the Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Nowadays, a visit to the Great Wall is like a tour through history backwards; it ___ (BRING) tourists great excitement to walk on the Great Wall of China, to stand on a watchtower and view the wall disappearing in the distance.
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
This treasure is protected by UNESCO and future generations ___ (SEE) the Great Wall with the same wonder and amazement as we do now.
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Invention of Bubble Gum
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is ___ (USUAL) pink in colour and has a particular flavour.
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a ___ (DIFFER) gum.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It was less ___ (STICK) than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the ___ (POSSIBLE) of making money.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
He took the gum, which he had given the name Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a ___ (DEMONSTRATE) to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The new gum was very ___ (SUCCESS) and popular with customers. Although Diemer never received a patent for his invention, he sold the recipe to his company and became a senior vice president.
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
A Storyteller
In my early 20s, after a year and a half in England, and four months in France, I returned to the United States and got a job at a camp in northern Virginia. My ___ that summer was Dan from Mississippi, and I am from Rhode Island. We worked together with a group of boys from 12 to 14 years old.
1) friend
2) teammate
3) partner
4) opponent
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
I’ve always been a bit untidy, but Dan was ___ and clean, even after a night in the woods with our campers.
1) clear
2) neat
3) exact
4) careful
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
We could not have been more different, but we got on because we shared the same ___ of humor.
1) feeling
2) emotion
3) reason
4) sense
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
At the end of the summer, a few of us went to ___ a cave in West Virginia and got stuck in the cave for the night. It wasn’t as dramatic as it sounds. The park rangers had told us to stay there if anything happened.
1) explore
2) analyze
3) teach
4) learn
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
They knew where we were going, and when we should have been back. Dan hurt his right foot badly. So we had to ___ the night in the cave. Food and water were not a problem, but we turned off our lights to save power.
1) lead
2) spend
3) hold
4) waste
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
In the distance, we could hear the sound of running water. To ___ the time, we told stories. That night in the cave we moved from one family story to another. As the night wore on, I remembered more and more. I was not alone—the cave, the blue light and the flowing water released stories and memories that we had never revealed to anyone. It was as if a river of stories had started flowing in each of us.
1) keep
2) waste
3) spare
4) pass
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
When the rangers came the next morning, we didn’t want to ___. ‘Can’t we just tell a few more stories?’ In the cave, that night, I became a storyteller.
1) escape
2) leave
3) retreat
4) retire
- Подробности
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10730
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Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 02 (part 2) |
Invention of Bubble Gum
|
B11 |
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is ……………………… pink in colour and has a particular flavour. |
USUAL |
|
B12 |
In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a ……………………… gum. |
DIFFER |
|
B13 |
It was less ……………………… than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily. |
STICK |
|
B14 |
When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the ……………………… of making money. |
POSSIBLE |
|
B15 |
He took the gum, which he had given the name Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a ……………………… to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum. |
DEMONSTRATIVE |
|
B16 |
The new gum was very ……………………… and popular with customers. Although Diemer never received a patent for his invention, he sold the recipe to his company and became a senior vice president. |
SUCCESS |
Новый пробный тренировочный вариант №4 КИМ №211018 ЕГЭ 2022 по английскому языку 11 класс для подготовки на 100 баллов от 18 октября 2021 года.
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Данный тест составлен по новой демоверсии ФИПИ экзамена ЕГЭ 2022 года, к тренировочным заданиям прилагаются правильные ответы.
Решать пробный вариант ЕГЭ 2022 по английскому языку №211018:
Задания и ответы для варианта 100 баллов
1)What is NOT the reason why owners take their pets on holidays with them? 1) It costs less money than leaving them behind. 2) Pets prefer to stay together with their ownets 3) All pet owners can afford to take their pets with them. 4) It is more fun to walk them somewhere else
2)The reason why the French millionaire had to travel so often is that he wanted to see his… 1) mother. 2) family. 3) friend. 4) dog.
3)The French millionaires friend advised against taking the pet across the border because… 1) it was almost impossible to accomplish. 2) the people living nearby might tell the police. 3) it could only be done at night when it’s dark. 4) he needed a special permit to do that
4)How did the author react to what the French millionaire told her? 1) She didn’t understand him. 2) She felt sorry for his problem. 3) She agreed with him in the end. 4) She was confused by what he said.
5)The word “fathom” in paragraph 9 means to… 1) believe. 2) understand. 3) predict. 4) suspect.
6)The Englishman on the plane informed the security about the tortoise because he wanted… 1) to see what would happen to the author and her daughter. 2) the author and her daughter to be arrested by the customs office. 3) to make sure everything was fine with the animal. 4) the officer to check if the author was carrying anything illegal.
7)The purpose of this article is to… 1) entertain. 2) persuade. 3) instruct. 4) inform
8)The history of the Olympic Games started around 776 BC. Ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games every four years in honor of gods. The Greeks treated the games as a fair. City leaders talked politics and sometimes even signed treaties. (THEY)
9)The city filled up with numerous travellers who came at the temple of Zeus in Olympia from distant places the excitement. Shouting sellers sold food and drink. Most of all, however, people gathered to watch the running contests, the discus throwing, the chariot racing, and the wrestling matches. They cheered on their favourites. (WITNESS)
10)The strongest and the athletes, who came the first in the contests, became the winners. (SUCCESSFUL)
11)Although they received only crowns of leaves as trophies, they were celebrated as heroes in their home (CITY)
12)Poems in their honor. (WRITE)
13)Sometimes, they even received free meals and the front-row seats at different public events. (GOOD)
14)The ruins of the Olympic Stadium were discovered in 1875. In 1896 the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens to honor the ancient Greeks. (ONE)
15)It can be really hot in the south of Spain. At times it seems to be caked with heat. A light breeze is a real blessing, as it whispers in the silvery leaves of hundreds of olive trees. Some of the trees in these groves were planted 200 years ago. (DUST)
16)Though But today the of the olive groves often do not work on their farms. Tenant farmers do this for them. Tenant farmers farm other peoples land and pay rent in money or by giving the owner a share of the crop. (OWN)
17)In the last 50 years millions of Spaniards who could not make a from the poor soil of their farms have moved to work in (LIFE)
18)big cities like Barcelona — the centre of Spains region. But whether a family is staying in Barcelona or on the farm, they try not to miss a fair, especially if it is Seville’s annual April Fair. (INDUSTRY)
19)The fair begins around noon, with a parade of riders and carriages. All the men dress in black and the women in bright colours. (COLOUR)
20)The fairground is filled with music. Dancers move to the sound of guitars and the snap of castanets. (RHYTHM)
Другие пробные варианты ЕГЭ 2022 по английскому языку 11 класс:
Тренировочные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку 11 класс задания с ответами
Пробный вариант ЕГЭ 2022 №211004 по английскому языку 11 класс с ответами
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The GUM façade faces Red Square
Upper Trading Rows by night
GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced [ˈɡum], an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазин, romanized: Glavnyy Universalnyy Magazin, lit. ‘Main Universal Store‘) is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union, known as State Department Store (Russian: Государственный универсальный магазин, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy Universalnyy Magazin) during the Soviet era (until 1991). Similarly-named stores operated in some Soviet republics and in post-Soviet states.
The most famous GUM is the large store facing Red Square in the Kitai-gorod area – itself traditionally a trading center of Moscow. As of 2021, the building functions as a shopping mall. Before the 1920s the location was known as the Upper Trading Rows (Russian: Верхние торговые ряды, romanized: Verkhniye Torgovyye Ryady).
As of 2021, GUM carries over 100 different brands,[1] and has cafes and restaurants[2] inside the mall.
Moscow GUM[edit]
Design and structure[edit]
With the façade extending for 242 m (794 ft) along the eastern side of Red Square, the Upper Trading Rows were built between 1890 and 1893 by Alexander Pomerantsev (responsible for architecture) and Vladimir Shukhov (responsible for engineering). The trapezoidal building features a combination of elements of Russian medieval architecture and a steel framework and glass roof, a similar style to the great 19th-century railway stations of London. William Craft Brumfield described the GUM building as «a tribute both to Shukhov’s design and to the technical proficiency of Russian architecture toward the end of the 19th century».[3]
The glass-roofed design made the building unique at the time of construction. The roof, the diameter of which is 14 m (46 ft), looks light, but it is a firm construction made of more than 50,000 metal pods (about 743 t (819 short tons)), capable of supporting snowfall accumulation. Illumination is provided by huge arched skylights of iron and glass, each weighing some 740 t (820 short tons) and containing in excess of 20,000 panes of glass. The facade is divided into several horizontal tiers, lined with red Finnish granite, Tarusa marble, and limestone. Each arcade is on three levels, linked by walkways of reinforced concrete.
History[edit]
Inside the store in 1893: elongated shop galleries are bridged with innovative metal-and-glass vaults, designed by Vladimir Shukhov
Inside view of the structure and finish applied to the building
Catherine II of Russia commissioned Giacomo Quarenghi, a Neoclassical architect from Italy, to design a huge trade center along the east side of Red Square. However, that building was lost to the 1812 Fire of Moscow and replaced by trading rows designed by Joseph Bove. In turn, the current structure replaced Bove’s.[4]
By the time of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the building contained some 1,200 stores. After the Revolution, the GUM was nationalized. During the NEP period (1921–28), however, GUM as a State Department Store operated as a model retail enterprise for consumers throughout Russia regardless of class, gender, and ethnicity. GUM’s stores were used to further Bolshevik goals of rebuilding private enterprise along socialist lines and «democratizing consumption for workers and peasants nationwide». In the end, GUM’s efforts to build communism through consumerism were unsuccessful and arguably «only succeeded in alienating consumers from state stores and instituting a culture of complaint and entitlement».[5]
GUM continued to be used as a department store until Joseph Stalin converted it into office space in 1928 for the committee in charge of his first Five Year Plan.[4] After the suicide of Stalin’s wife Nadezhda in 1932, the GUM was used briefly to display her body.[6]
After reopening as a department store in 1953, the GUM became one of the few stores in the Soviet Union that did not have shortages of consumer goods, and the queues of shoppers were long, often extending entirely across Red Square.[7]
Several times during the 1960s and 1970s, the Second Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Suslov, who hated the idea of having a Department store across the Mausoleum of Lenin, tried to convert GUM into a Exhibition hall and Museum showcasing the achievements of the Soviet Union and Communism, without the knowledge of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. Each time however, Brezhnev was tipped off and put a stop to such plans.[8]
At the end of the Soviet era, GUM was partially, then fully privatized, and it had a number of owners before it ended up being owned by the supermarket company Perekryostok. In May 2005, a 50.25% interest was sold to Bosco di Ciliegi, a Russian luxury goods distributor and boutique operator. As a private shopping mall, it was renamed in such a fashion that it could maintain its old abbreviation and thus still be called GUM. However, the first word Gosudarstvennyi («state») has been replaced with Glavnyi («main»), so that GUM is now an abbreviation for «Main Universal Store».
See also[edit]
- TsUM, another large Moscow department store.
- Passage, a department store in St. Petersburg.
References[edit]
Sources[edit]
- Brumfield, William Craft, (1991) The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford, ISBN 0-520-06929-3
- English, Elizabeth Cooper (2000). «Arkhitektura i mnimosti»: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition», a dissertation in architecture, University of Pennsylvania
- Hilton, Marjorie L. (2004). «Retailing the Revolution: The State Department Store (GUM) and Soviet Society in the 1920s». Journal of Social History, (Oxford University Press) 37 (4): 939–964; 1127. ISSN 0022-4529
- Rainer Graefe, Jos Tomlow: «Vladimir G. Suchov 1853–1939. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.» 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9
External links[edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moscow GUM. |
- GUM official website
- GUM at Structurae
- Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov
- The Roof of GUM
Coordinates: 55°45′17″N 37°37′17″E / 55.75472°N 37.62139°E
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
1. Women doing men’s jobs
2. Holidays — the best time to visit
3. Ideal to grow a man
4. A costume for a mythic sea creature
5. The best profession for a lady
6. A festival to a season
7. Words for all times
8. Best clothes for burial
A. Mary is a professional dress-maker specializing in exotic costumes. She devotes many hours to crafting mermaid tails and hand-made tops. Her professional mermaid costume includes a tail and a top. A tail is made of the finest silicone that bends naturally with movement and looks beautifully on film and in print. Out of the depths of the water her costume shines with hundreds ot pearls, crystals, and gemstones.
B. Today’s well-educated person uses about 18,000 words. Shakespeare, whose plays written for a small theatre are now performed in more countries than ever before, used over 34,000 different words, thousands of which he made up. For example: accessible, roadway, schoolboy, and watchdog. Many of his phrases have fallen into everyday use in our language today, including, “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!’’ by Richard III.
C. The Celtic division of the year was into two parts. The winter half was considered the beginning of the year, and the summer half the second part. There were two further subdivisions. so the year was finally divided into the standard four seasons. At each of these four stages, a Fire Festival was celebrated. It involved religious ceremonies, music, storytelling, and poetry. These great festivals were regarded to be the best time.
D. As symbols of respect and courage, knights turned out to be an intriguing mix of all the things that made males the best, as their education included the most effective sorts of exercises for the brain and the human body. Knight tournaments were a good way for the knights to try out the actual travails of fighting and never having to go through the pain and troubles of having to look after themselves, and of their kingdoms.
E. Were there any women pirates in Renaissance England? They were in the minority, but they were never the less there and very able. Lady Mary was a daughter of a pirate and married to a pirate. When her husband died, she recruited her castle staff and went to sea herself. Her luck ran out when she captured a German captain, who was a friend of Queen Elizabeth. So Lady Mary quit piracy … and started selling stolen goods.
F. Russia is an amazing holiday destination. It should be visited during the festival season, as it reveals the rich cultural tradition and fascinating customs of its people. While the festivals come from the Christian legacy Russia shares with Europe and America, the manner of celebration is unique. Enthusiastic travelers suggest planning a Russian holiday during the festival time and to be sure that the memories will last a lifetime!
G. Normally very fine textiles are found in graves. Obviously, the quality of clothing worn in the Middle Ages would reduce with lower ranks, but even the slaves did not wear cloth as rough as people thought in the past and some still do today. Slaves would probably wear their master’s clothes, which may have been very thin in places and not decorated. They would usually receive the underclothes to be worn as overclothes.
Не осталось еще такого школьника, который бы не знал, что ему предстоит в последнем учебном году — ЕГЭ. Госаттестация проводится сравнительно недолго — 17 лет. За это время она успела значительно преобразоваться.
Но каждый, кто претерпевал подготовку к ЕГЭ, задавался вопросом: «Кому и зачем пришла идея подобного теста?». Что ж, об этом мы и хотим поговорить сегодня.
Кто придумал?
У нас было необходимо решить проблему коррупции при поступлении в Высшие Учебные Заведения, а также дать возможность ребятам из провинции получить образование согласно их умственным способностям. К этому приступили в 1998 году.
Владимир Филиппов (а конкретно — Министр Образования 1998-2004) провел масштабные преобразования в стране:
1) Присоединил Россию к Болонскому процессу, итог: наше образование состоит из бакалавриата и магистратуры;
2) Разработал и ввел образовательные стандарты.
Он был убежден в том, что единый госэкзамен изживет коррупционные и иные махинации. Ведь до этого в престижные университеты можно было поступить через курсы или репетиторов — местных преподавателей. В 1999 был открыт Федеральный Центр Тестирования, который занимался непосредственно разработкой ЕГЭ.
Преобразования экзамена
Не всегда ЕГЭ выглядел, как пара листиков с бланками. На начальных этапах (с 2001) в Контрольных Измерительных Материалах было 3 части: А (тест), В (краткий ответ) и С (развернутое объяснение с комментариями). Однако, начиная с 2015, большинство дисциплин начали лишаться самого простого, по мнению разработчиков, раздела А.
Исключением являются иностранные языки. Как было составлено изначально, так и осталось: КИМ поделен на 4 рубрики (прослушивание, чтение, грамматика и лексика, письмо и эссе), в каждой из которых присутствуют задания всех трех типов сложности.
Интересным является и тот факт, что до 2009 экзамен не считался обязательным. Выпускники того времени могли как сдавать вступительные испытания в институты, так и использовать заработанные баллы. Выбор оставался на их стороне.
Менялись ли форматы, темы и смысл вопросов? Однозначно, да. Например, так было в 2010 с математикой. Около 40% одиннадцатиклассников не справились с задачами. После этого был введен всем известный сегмент житейских задачек по математике, или ее еще называют — реальной. А в 2015 этот предмет вовсе разделили на базовый и профильный уровни.
Задумка ЕГЭ сама по себе хорошая, осталось усовершенствовать ее реализацию, чтобы наша страна занимала лидирующие строчки по качеству выпускающихся специалистов. Кстати, именно этим и намерен заняться рособрнадзор. А это значит, впереди нас ждет еще не одно видоизменение и дополнение госэкзамена.
Named and unnamed collections
Today, Ghent University has a particularly extensive collection of academic heritage that is also appealing and often extremely valuable. It includes over 400,000 items. In 2013, these were recorded in the screening report Balance and Perspective.
This heritage has always been very fragmented within Ghent University. For example, the collections were kept in the university buildings, spread throughout classrooms, corridors, labs, entrance halls and offices, and even in basements and attics. In addition, it was (and still is) not uncommon for these collections to be used for teaching and research at Ghent University.
Some of the collections were housed in their own collection museum within the university. These small museums have been managed, maintained and documented by keen researchers for decades (or even longer than that).
At the beginning of the 21st century, the university had a Museum of Veterinary Medicine, Museum of Morphology, Museum of the History of Science, Archaeological Museum, Ethnographic Collections, a Museum of the History of Medicine and the Dierick Museum. All of them had their own unique history.
Упражнение на грамматическое преобразование слов. Рекомендуем всем, кто готовится к сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.
ЗаданиеОтвет
GUM department stores
GUM is the name of the large department store in Moscow that faces Red Square. It used to be a chain of shops in the former republics of the Soviet Union, at which time these shops ( KNOW ) as State Department Store, although GUM now stands for Main Department Store.
The structure on Red Square where GUM is located has been there since the early 1890s. It’s one of the ( FAMOUS ) buildings in the city of Moscow.
The building is nearly a quarter of a kilometre long. Shops inside the building are situated on a long corridor with a glass roof, and each shop sits inside an archway, creating a luxurious shopping experience. The building ( IT ) is a work of art.
GUM department stores
GUM is the name of the large department store in Moscow that faces Red Square. It used to be a chain of shops in the former republics of the Soviet Union, at which time these shops WERE KNOWN as State Department Store, although GUM now stands for Main Department Store.
The structure on Red Square where GUM is located has been there since the early 1890s. It’s one of the MOST FAMOUS buildings in the city of Moscow.
The building is nearly a quarter of a kilometre long. Shops inside the building are situated on a long corridor with a glass roof, and each shop sits inside an archway, creating a luxurious shopping experience. The building ITSELF is a work of art.