Plants are the fundamental building blocks of life on earth. Plants are life forms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The scientificstudy has revealed at least 500,000 species of plants. The types of plants vary in size from microscopic algae, to huge sequoia trees more than 8m (26 ft) tall.
Plant Kingdom is mainly classified into two. This type of plant classification is done accordingto how they reproduce:
1) Spore bearing plants (algae, mosses, ferns and their relatives)
2) Seed bearing plants (сonifers and flowering plants).
Plant classification according to this criterion, can berepresented as follows:
Plant kingdom: Spore Bearing Plants and Seed Bearing Plants;
Spore Bearing Plants: Algae, Mosses (Liverworts), and Ferns;
Seed Bearing Plants: Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) and Conifers (Gymnosperms);
Angiosperms: Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.
The plant kingdom can also be classified on the basis of the presence or absence ofvasculartissue. Ferns (pteridophytes), gymnosperms and angiosperms have vascular tissue which transports the nutrients and water through the plant. They are collectively known as tracheophytes. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts (bryophytes) are non-vascular,i.e. they do not have vascular tissue to transport sugar, water and nutrients.
Spore Bearing Plants
Algae, mosses, ferns and their genus all reproduce by means of spores. Each spore contains a small quantity of vital genetic matter.
Algae
The simplest plants of this type are algae. They do not have leaves,stems or roots.Algae thrive in a moist or wetenvironment.
Mosses
Mosses and most liverworts have simple stems and tiny, slender leaves. They can be found growing on the plain land, on rocks, and on other plants. They live in mild,dampregions, but some can live in very cold places.
Ferns
Ferns are the most superior spore bearing type of plants. Many ferns grow in cool, dry places but the largest ones are found in the hot, damp tropic regions. Around 15,000 species of ferns are there in existence now according to scientific researches.
Seed Bearing Plants
Plants that reproduce by means of seeds belong to this type of plants. Conifers or gymnosperms and flowering plants or angiosperms reproduce by seeds. Each seed contains an embryo and a food supply. This is enclosed by a seed covering.
Conifers
Сonifers are plants that have conesinstead of flowers. Their seeds grow within female cones. The majority of gymnosperms are trees or shrubs.
Flowering plants
Flowering plants are the most varied part of land vegetation. There are at least 250,000 kinds of flowering plants identified till now. The distinguishingtrait of flowering plants or angiosperms is the flower.
7. Choose the correct answer:
1. The scientificstudy has revealed at least ____.
a) 300,000 species of plants
b) 500,000 species of plants
c) 600,000 species of plants
2. Spore bearing plantsand seed bearing plants.This type of plant classification is done according to how they ____.
a) use
b) feed
c) reproduce
3. Spore bearing plants are ____.
a) algae, mosses, ferns
b) ferns, сonifers and flowering plants
c) сonifers and flowering plants
4. Spore bearing plants are ____.
a) algae, mosses, conifers
b) ferns, algae, mosses
c) flowering plants and conifers
5. Plants that have vascular tissue are ____.
a)pteridophytes, bryophytes,angiosperms
b)angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes
c)gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes
6. The majority of gymnosperms are ____.
a) trees or shrubs
b) shrubs or flowers
c) herbs or trees
8. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
виды растений;их родственники;следующим образом;на основе;не имеющие проводящей ткани;посредством спор;малое количество;влажная окружающая среда;самый лучший;семенная оболочка;наземная растительность
9. Find in the text and read the sentence in which it is said that…
– Plants are very important for the life on earth.
– One of the plant classifications is done according to the type of reproduction.
– Another classification is done on the basis of the presence or absence ofvascular tissue.
– Vascular tissue transports the nutrients and water through the plant.
– Algae grow best in a wet environment.
– Mosses can sometimes use other plants for growing.
– Gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce by seeds.
– The flower is the distinguishingtrait of flowering plants.
Presentation on theme: «The Characteristics of Seed Plants»— Presentation transcript:
1
The Characteristics of Seed Plants
Chapter 8 – Section 3 The Characteristics of Seed Plants
2
What are Seed Plants? Seed plants outnumber seedless plants 10 to 1
Have vascular tissue Use pollen and seeds to reproduce
3
Vascular Tissue Meets the Challenges – stand up straight, supply all cells with food and water. Phloem – food moves through this tissue Xylem – water and minerals travel through this tissue
4
Pollen and Seeds Do not have to live in water as don’t have sperm that has to swim Pollen-tiny structures that contain the cells that later become the sperm Seeds are made when the sperm fertilizes the egg. Young plant inside a protective covering, Right conditions sprout breaks out of seed.
5
Seed Structure – Figure 10 p. 264
3 parts Embryo – plant that develops from zygote Seed food – some stored in cotyledons (seed leaves in embryo) or outside the embryo Seed coat – outer covering (protects from drying out)
6
Seed Dispersal- scattering of seeds
Other organisms waste Barbs that hook on other animals Wind Eject from plant with force
7
Seed Germination- when embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of seed
Begins when seed absorbs water and begin to grow Roots grow first downward, stem and leaves upward Seedling- when you see the leaves Distance from parent needed
8
Roots 3 Main functions Anchor a plant to ground
Absorb water and minerals from the soil Sometimes store food
9
Types of Roots- Figure 13 p 267
Fibrous Root System- several root systems that form a dense tangled mass- grass Taproot Root System – One long thick root smaller branching off. dandelion
10
Structure of Root-figure 13 p. 267
Tip round, covered by root cap (protects from injury from rocks as it grows) Root hairs absorb the water and minerals, help anchor plant Vascular tissue –water moves to xylem and upward Phloem – transports food from leaves to roots
11
Stems – carries substances between roots and leaves supports
holds up leaves to get sun
12
Stem structure- figure p. 268
Herbaceous – no wood Woody hard, rigid several layers, outer layer bark Cambium – cells that divide to procduce phloem and xylem (wood part) All have phloem and xylem
13
Annual Rings Made up of xylem Summer grow slow and make small rings
Spring grow fast and make dark large rings
14
Leaves Capture suns energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis Come in many different shapes
15
Structure of Leaf- figure 16 p. 270
Surface layers Protect cells Veins that contain xylem and phloem Have stomata (pores that open and close to control gases going in and out) CO2 in and H2O and Oxygen out.
16
Leaf and Photosynthesis
Upper surface has most cells with chloroplasts (chlorophyll in the chloroplasts trap sun’s energy) CO2 enters through stomata H2O through the xylem in stem Sugar and Oxygen produced from CO2 and H20 Oxygen out through stomata Sugar through plant in phloem
17
Controlling Water Loss
Transpiration – water evaporates from plant’s leaves Close stomata when leaves start to dry out.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NOT CAN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Emperor’s Seed
Once there lived an old emperor who had no children. He ______ choose his successor for a long time.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GROW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Then he called all the young people in the kingdom together and said, «I’ll give each one of you a seed today. I want you to go home, plant it, water it and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from this one seed.» A boy named Ling also got a seed. He came home and told his mother that he ______ the best plant.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово HE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
She helped ______ plant the seed. Every day he watered it but nothing grew.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BAD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
A year passed and Ling took his empty pot to the palace while all the rest brought some beautiful plants. The emperor said, «Lying is the ______ thing in the world. I gave you all spoilt seeds. Nothing grows from spoilt seeds.» So Ling became the new emperor.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NAME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Roald Dahl
Roald Dahl, a famous British writer, was Norwegian by birth. Dahl ______ after the Polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. During the Second World War Dahl served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter pilot.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CHILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Dahl became well-known in 1940s with works for both ______ and adults.
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово PUBLISH так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
One of his highly popular tales was ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’. Since 1945 his books ______ in almost 50 languages.
7
Образуйте от слова USUAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Entertaining guests
The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is ______ served afterwards.
8
Образуйте от слова ACHIEVE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special ______ .
9
Образуйте от слова FORMAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
These parties are almost always ______ , there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.
10
Образуйте от слова INVITE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written ______ are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.
11
Образуйте от слова VARY однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The host often provides ______ kinds of entertainment,or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.
1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The legends of ancient Greece tell us about the half man-half bull called the Minotaur. People were afraid of this strange and terrible beast ___ (LIVE) in a deep, dark Labyrinth on the island of Crete.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The Labyrinth ___ (DESIGN) by the cunning and ingenious mind of Daedalus.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Daedalus was a brilliant architect and inventor – in fact, he was so brilliant that King Minos of Crete ___ (NOT WANT) to let him go back to his home in Athens.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Instead, he ___ (KEEP) him as a prisoner.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Daedalus lived with his son Icarus in a tower of the palace, and King Minos made him invent weapons of war that would make his army and navy even ___ (POWERFUL) than they already were.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Although Daedalus and Icarus had every comfort that they ___ (CAN) ask for, the father longed to return home to Athens. Icarus hardly remembered his city, but he too wanted to leave, because he longed to run and play in the open, rather than be in a tower all day.
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Daedalus looked out over the waves of the sea, and he realised that even if they managed to slip out of the tower and find a little boat, they would not be able to sail far. One of King Minos’s ___ (SEAMAN) would spot and catch them very soon.
Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Great Discovery
In ancient times people lived on whatever food they could find. As the early people ___ in numbers, they had to wander and search for wild fruits and seeds of wild plants or hunt for small animals.
1) decreased
2) increased
3) developed
4) improved
9) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Then one of these early people ___ a great discovery. A great genius discovered the meaning of seeds. He may have noticed that where some seeds had fallen on the ground, new plants grew.
1) fulfilled
2) did
3) made
4) conducted
10) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Perhaps he was ___ enough to put some seeds in the ground to see what would happen.
1) curious
2) questioning
3) surprised
4) puzzled
11) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
No one knows how it happened, but man ___ that if he put a seed into the soil it could grow into a plant which might yield hundreds or even thousands of seeds!
1) disclosed
2) opened
3) discovered
4) exposed
12) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
He was free of the need to be in a constant ___ of his food!
1) investigation
2) exploration
3) look
4) search
13) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Early man could now ___ seeds in the spring and wait for them to grow.
1) put
2) plant
3) deliver
4) lay
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
In the fall he could gather a harvest of seeds. There would be enough to ___ himself and his family all through the winter, with some left over for planting when spring came.
1) feed
2) food
3) provide
4) nourish
Версия для печати и копирования в MS Word
Извлечение информации из текста. Ответ на вопро № 1537 
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий его содержанию.
The Millennium Seed Bank carries out its work by
§ 1. Over the past four hundred years, 450 types of plants and trees around the world have become extinct as a result of the combined effects of global warming, population growth, flooding and the fact that deserts are advancing in some regions at a rate of nearly four miles a year. Scientists estimate a quarter of the world’s remaining 270,000 plant species will be under threat of extinction by 2050.
§ 2. In 1997, in an attempt to try to prevent the loss of plants, volunteers all over Britain began collecting seeds (семена). The seeds collected are now housed in the Millennium Seed Bank, which is expected to become the world’s biggest seed bank and, apart from preserving almost all the plant life in Britain, it also aims to have saved the seeds of almost a tenth of the world’s flowering plants in the next twenty years. If they are successful, the Millennium Seed Bank Project will be one of the largest international conservation projects ever undertaken.
§ 3. In order to achieve this aim, the Millennium Seed Bank has a team of scientists who travel to distant corners of the world to find and collect seeds. They also help local botanists to set up their own seed banks. They Spend a great deal of time negotiating with governments to allow them to collect the seeds and bring them back to Britain for storage in the Millennium Seed Bank.
§ 4. When these seeds arrive at the seed bank, they are sorted, cleaned and dried and then X-rayed to make sure that they haven’t been damaged in any way that might stop them from growing into healthy plants. Finally, they are placed in ordinary glass jars and stored in three underground vaults (хранилище) at temperatures of −20 °C. Most plant Species have seeds that can be dried, frozen and stored for years and still grow into healthy plants. However, the seeds of Some Species cannot be dried, so they can’t be stored in seed banks in the usual way. Roger Smith, head of the Millennium Seed Bank, explains that Scientists at the bank are already working on finding new ways of storing those seeds that cannot survive the drying and freezing process, and also on how to regenerate the seeds when they become extinct in their natural habitats. «At the moment, all we’re doing is preserving these plants for the future. We won’t have managed to conserve any species until we find the way to successfully regenerate them and grow new plants from them,» points out Smith. «But at least this way, when the technology becomes available, and it will, we won’t have lost everything.»
§ 5. Dr Hugh Pritchard, head of research at the Millennium Seed Bank, says: «While it’s true that many of the plants we preserve at the bank aren’t useful at the moment, that doesn’t mean they won’t become useful in the future. Something like thirty per cent of the medicines we use today are based on products or chemicals which have been extracted from plants. So it’s easy to see why we need to preserve the diversity of the earth’s plant life for the future.»
1
Извлечение информации из текста. Ответ на вопро № 1536
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий его содержанию.
What do scientists believe will happen by 2050?
1) 450 types of plants will be in danger of becoming extinct.
2) Part of the world’s plant life will face extinction.
3) Environmental factors will affect only 450 plant species.
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
2
Извлечение информации из текста. Ответ на вопро № 1538
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий его содержанию.
The methods used in storing the seeds show that
1) Some species cannot be stored by regular means,
2) some of the plant species develop into healthy plants.
3) some seeds are damaged when X-rayed.
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
3
Извлечение информации из текста. Ответ на вопро № 1539
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий его содержанию.
The Millennium Seed Bank is trying to
1) reproduce new plants from the seeds.
2) reduce the storage lives of some seeds.
3) plant the seeds that have a short storage life.
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
4
Извлечение информации из текста. Определение значения слов № 1540
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
advancing (§ 1)
1) improving
2) extending
3) disappearing
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
5
Извлечение информации из текста. Определение значения слов № 1541
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
diversity (§ 5)
1) similarity
2) variety
3) discovery
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
6
Извлечение информации из текста. Выбор правильного варианта перевод № 1542
Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содержанием текста.
While it’s true that many of the plants we preserve at the bank aren’t useful at the moment, that doesn’t mean they won’t become useful in the future. (§ 5)
1) Хотя многие растения, которые мы храним в банке, действительно не используются в настоящее время, это не означает, что они не будут использоваться в будущем.
2) До тех пор, пока многие из растений, которые мы храним в банке, по правде говоря, бесполезны, нельзя сказать, будут ли они бесполезны и в будущем.
3) В то время как нельзя отрицать то, что многие из растений, которые мы храним в банке, непригодны для использования в настоящий момент, это не означает, что они станут пригодными для использования в будущем.
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
1) training foreign governments to plant seeds.
2) travelling around the world with botanists from other countries.
3) collecting international seeds and returning them to Britain for storage.
Спрятать пояснение
Пояснение.
In order to achieve this aim, the Millennium Seed Bank has a team of scientists who travel to distant corners of the world to find and collect seeds.
Ответ: 3.
Источник: Централизованное тестирование по английскому языку, 2012
Seed — a group of higher plants, the most numerous. There are 2 sections: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms do not form fruits, while the seeds of angiosperms are enclosed in fruits. A seed is an organ that has a plant embryo inside.
Instructions
Step 1
The most common gymnosperm classes are: oppressive, ginkgo, conifers. The representative of the ginkgoids is ginkgo biloba, the rest of the species became extinct. It is a tall deciduous tree with a fan-shaped leaf plate. Seeds of ginkgo biloba are large, the outer shell is edible.
Step 2
The genetum genus, which includes about 30 tropical species, belongs to the oppressive ones. They are represented mainly by lianas, less often by shrubs and small trees. The leaf blade is wide, leathery, the seeds of many of them are edible. Also, the genus Ephedra belongs to the oppressive ones, which includes about 40 species. It is an evergreen leafless shrub that grows in arid areas. Horsetail ephedra is used to obtain a potent alkaloid called ephedrine, which excites the nervous system.
Step 3
The most famous representatives of the class are conifers: pine, fir, spruce. Conifers are evergreen trees or shrubs, with needle-like or scaly leaves. Of the deciduous — larch. Conifers have a very developed root system, a powerful trunk, and numerous resin passages in the bark. Coniferous wood is widely used in industry, as are essential oils.
Step 4
Angiosperms in the course of evolution acquire a new formation — a flower, an organ of reproduction. The seeds are surrounded by fruit that protects them from damage. The angiosperms division includes the dicotyledonous class and the monocotyledonous class. Monocots have a herbaceous stem, a fibrous root system, simple leaves and a three-membered flower. Most of them are pollinated by the wind.
Step 5
Many of the monocots are grown by humans, such as cereals. Cereals are mainly grasses, with the exception of bamboo. Cereals include rye, barley, wheat, oats, corn, rice. The stalk of cereals is hollow inside, and the flowers are collected in spikelets. Onion plants are also monocotyledonous: onions, wild garlic, garlic, tulips, lilies, hyacinths.
Step 6
In dicotyledonous plants, the root system is pivotal, the stem can be lignified, the leaves are also complex, and the flower is five-membered. Pollination occurs mainly with the help of insects. The Rosaceae family is represented by fruit trees: apple, cherry, plum, pear, apricot. Others are decorative, such as a rose. From shrubs to rosaceae are raspberries and rose hips.
Step 7
The fruits of the legume family are used for food: peas, beans, chickpeas, peanuts, soybeans. Among legumes, there are trees: white acacia, and shrubs: yellow acacia. The dicotyledonous cruciferous family also has edible fruits: cabbage, radish, horseradish, mustard, rutabaga. Other cruciferous plants are used in medicine: levkoy, mattiola, beetroot. Many are weedy: shepherd’s purse, common rape, wild radish.
Step 8
Solanaceous plants are also dicotyledonous: potatoes, tomato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco. Solanaceous plants, black henbane and common datura, emit a dangerous poison. The Aster family is distinguished by a basket-shaped inflorescence. Its representatives are sunflower, aster, cornflower, dandelion, calendula.
I arrived at the cloud forest in Ecuador ten days ago. I was one of a group of twelve volunteers that wanted to save the rainforest. My reasons for going on this trip were twofold: firstly, I wanted to collect and bring back alive some of the fascinating animals, birds and reptiles that inhabit this region; secondly, I had long cherished a dream to see South America: not the inhabited South America with its macadam roads, its cocktail bars, its express trains roaring through a landscape denuded of its flora and fauna by the beneficial influences of civilization. I wanted to see one of those few remaining parts of the continent that had escaped this fate and remained more or less as it was when America was first discovered: I wanted to see its rainforests, its vast lands of untouched, pure, natural wildlife. We were working together with local people and scientists and we were learning and seeing new things every day. Our lodge was comfortable, had breathtaking views and was in the middle of the rainforest. It was a two-hour walk from the nearest road, and it was even further to the nearest village.
The rainforest is truly an astonishing place. There are thousands of species of plants here and more than 700 species of birds. There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered. But what I was really amazed at how everything depends on everything else for survival.
Every tree in the rainforest is covered in a species of another kind. The black wasp uses the tarantula as a nest for its eggs, plants need monkeys for seed dispersal, and the clouds are necessary for the survival of the whole rainforest. This is because they provide moisture. The problem is, climate change is causing the clouds to rise by 1—2 meters every year. What will happen to the plants that need this moisture? What will happen to the animals that need those plants?
Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem. One of my favourite projects was the bird survey. Every day a group of us set out at around five o’clock with a local scientist. At this time of the morning the air was filled with the sound of bird song. We had to identify the birds we hear and see and write down our findings. Later, we entered all our information into a computer at the lodge.
We also set up cameras to record pumas, spectacled bears and other large mammals. It was always exciting to see pumas because it meant there were other animals around that they would normally hunt. We fixed the cameras to trees around the reserve, and every day a team of volunteers collected the cameras memory cards.
There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.
However, soon I started collecting some animals and insects. I realized that as soon as the hunting got under way and the collection increased, most of my time would be taken up in looking after the animals, and I should not be able to wander far from camp. So I was eager to get into the forest while I had the chance.
Nevertheless, I should mention the fact that without the help of the natives you would stand little chance of catching the animals you want, for they know the forest, having been born in it. Once the animal is caught, however, it is your job to keep it alive and well. If you left this part of it to the natives you would get precious little back alive.
ВОПРОС 1: Which reason for the trip to the rainforest was NOT mentioned?
1) Dream of visiting South America.
2) Gathering a collection.
3) Thirst for adventures.
4) Saving rainforests.
ВОПРОС 2: Who did NOT take part in the work in rainforests?
1) Zoo keepers.
2) Researchers.
3) Volunteers.
4) People living in the area.
ВОПРОС 3: According to the narrator scientists believe that
1) plants in the rainforest do not need so much water.
2) it’s impossible to control the animals and birds in the forest.
3) they should study animals without catching them.
4) there is a number of unknown types of animals in the rainforest.
ВОПРОС 4: What type of work did the volunteers have to do?
1) Study the birds’ singing.
2) Search for pumas and bears.
3) Observe the changes in the wildlife.
4) List the types of plants in the rainforest.
ВОПРОС 5: The phrase “we were making difference” in paragraph 6 means
1) they were improving fauna of the rainforest.
2) they were changing the ecosystem of the place.
3) they made life in the forest more diverse.
4) their job would help in saving the forest.
ВОПРОС 6: Why did the narrator go to the forest any time he had a chance to?
1) He liked hunting with local people.
2) He didn’t have chance to do any other work.
3) He wouldn’t have enough time for that later.
4) He had to feed animals that he had caught.
ВОПРОС 7: According to the narrator he worked with local people because they
1) protected the animals.
2) were familiar with the place.
3) saved his life.
4) knew animals better.
ВОПРОС 1: – 3
ВОПРОС 2: – 1
ВОПРОС 3: – 4
ВОПРОС 4: – 3
ВОПРОС 5: – 4
ВОПРОС 6: – 3
ВОПРОС 7: – 2