Задание №9585.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave
1) had Russian royal blood in him.
2) was Peter the Great’s godfather.
3) belonged to the royal family in his native land.
4) was a close friend of the English royal family.
Решение:
The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave belonged to the royal family in his native land.
Русские потомки раба считают, что раб принадлежал царской семье на его родине.
«The slave, whose godfather was Peter the Great, claimed to have royal blood of his own.»
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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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РАЗДЕЛ 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Ш_____________________________________________ _
Вы услышите 6 Высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1—6 И утверждениями, данными в списке А — G. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, Только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы Услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
A. The speaker liked the panorama in front of the hotel.
B. The speaker talks about having problems with police on arrival.
C. The speaker had a hard time finding his way to the hotel.
D. The speaker enjoyed his travel experience without paying much money.
E. The speaker gives advice on where to stay while travelling.
F. The speaker found the view out of his hotel room awful.
G. The speaker was surprised at some norms of cultural behaviour in the country he was visiting.
|
Говорящий |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
Утверждение |
Al — A7
Вы услышите разговор между друзьями. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений Al — А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), Какие не соответствуют (2 — False) И о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Ответа. Вы Услышите Запись Дважды.
I Al IIt didn’t cost Betsy anything to use the diving equipment. l)True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A2 IAlex had to work more than 9 hours on Saturday.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A3 IAlex is pleased with the benefits he gets at his work.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A4 IBetsy forgot about her classmate’s birthday.
L)True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A5 IBetsy’s friends gave her a lift home because it was midnight. l)True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A6 IAlex was invited to his parents for lunch on Sunday.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
I A7 IBetsy couldn’t make herself do any homework on Sunday.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А8 — А14
Вы услышите интервью со Сьюзан. Выполните задания А8 — А14, обводя цифру 1, 2 Или 3, Соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы Услышите Запись Дважды.
I A8 I What changes in Susan’s opinion are taking place in town life?
1) More and more people prefer to meet out in pubs and clubs.
2) People’s homes are becoming a more popular place to meet.
3) People prefer staying at home alone to eating out.
I A9 IHow does Susan feel about shops and shopping?
1) She thinks small shops should disappear.
2) Every time she goes shopping she feels annoyed.
3) She dislikes the atmosphere in big shops.
I A10∣What does Susan think about the book Birdsongr!
1) It gives a new perspective on war.
2) It shows how differently people view war.
3) It reveals hidden causes of war.
I All I Why did Susan read The Remains of the Day twice?
1) It was very popular at one time.
2) She enjoyed the film based on it.
3) She read it to kill time.
I A12∣Why does Susan enjoy reading books?
1) The reading habit runs in her family.
2) She has taken to reading on the way to and from work.
3) She was encouraged to read in her childhood.
I A13∣What is Susan’s opinion of book reviews?
1) They give good recommendation on books to read.
2) They criticize books written by young authors.
3) They give misleading information about books.
I A14∣What is Susan’s attitude to gossip books?
1) She doesn’t think they are worth reading.
2) She laughs at people who enjoy reading them.
3) She thinks they are appealing to most people.
По окончании выполнения заданий Bl И Al — А14 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № И ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания Bl И Al — А14 Располагаются в разных частях бланка. Bl Расположено в нижней части бланка. При переносе ответов в задании Bl Буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
РАЗДЕЛ 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
Установите соответствие заголовков А — H Текстам 1—7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву Только один раз. В задании один заголовок лиш — < ний._________________________________________ ____________________________________________
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
IB31
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1—6 Частями предложений А — G. Одна Из Частей В Списке A-G Лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
A. And finally measure them.
B. Since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
C. And they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
D. That loud sound is of high intensity.
E. As they study mechanical forces.
F. As a painful sensation in the ear.
G. That the unaided human ear can detect.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
A15 —A21
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 — А21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 Или 4, Соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
The Introduction to a New Biography of Gannibal
by the Author
Alexander Pushkin was not only Russia’s greatest poet, but he was also the great-grandson of an African slave. The slave, whose godfather was Peter the Great, claimed to have royal blood of his own. Certainly his Russian descendants believed that he was an African prince. His descendants have included members as well as close friends of the English royal family. So the legend goes on.
Pushkin told the story of his black ancestor in “The Negro of Peter the Great”, but this biography tells a different version. The main difference is between fact and fiction. The Russian poet hoped to discover a biographical truth by sticking to the facts, only to discover that facts are slippery and not always true. His biography turned into a novel. Even then, it was left unfinished after six and a half chapters. The scrawled manuscript comes to an end with a line of dialogue — “Sit down, you scoundrel, let’s talk!” — and a line of dots. Pushkin could be speaking to himself. In any case, it’s now time to stand up and carry on with the story. I have tried to join up the dots.
This is a book, then, about a missing link between the storyteller and his subject, an African prince, between the various branches of a family and its roots, between Pushkin and Africa, Africa and Europe, Europe and Russia, black and white. It is the story of
A remarkable life and it poses the question: how is such a life to be explained?
My own explanation began in 2001, while I was living in Russia and working there as a journalist. The first draft was written during the war in Afghanistan, on the road to Kabul, but it describes my journey to the frontline of a different war in Africa between the armies OfEthiopia and Eritrea. According to legend, Pushkin’s ancestor was born there, on the northern bank of the River Mareb, where I was arrested for taking photographs and compass readings, on suspicion of being a spy. Understandably my captors didn’t believe that I was only a journalist researching the life of Russia’s greatest writer. At the military camp, where I was held for a number of hours, the commandant looked me up and down when I asked, in my best posh English accent, “I say, my good man, can you tell me, basically, what is going on here?” “Basically,” he replied, with distaste, “you are in prison!” The incident taught me something. Journalists, like biographers, are meant to respect facts, and by retracing GannibaFs footsteps, 1 hoped to find a true story.
Some of those journeys lie behind the book, and are used whenever it is helpful to show that the past often retains a physical presence for the biographer — in landscapes, buildings, portraits, and above all in the
I A15∣The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave
1) had Russian royal blood in him.
2) was Peter the Great’s godfather.
3) belonged to the royal family in his native land.
4) was a close friend of the English royal family.
I A16∣According to the narrator, the biography of Pushkin’s ancestor turned into a novel because Pushkin 1) didn’t like the true biographical facts he had discovered.
5) found it impossible to stick to the facts that were doubtful.
6) could not do without describing fictional events.
7) found the true facts of the slave’s biography uninspiring.
I A17∣The narrator’s objective in writing the book was to
1) write a new version of the novel “The Negro of Peter the Great”.
2) continue the story from where it was left unfinished.
3) interpret the storyteller’s attitude to his ancestor.
4) prove that Pushkin’s ancestor was an African prince.
I A18∣The narrator says that his research for the book
1) brought him to Russia to work as a journalist.
2) made him go to the war in Afghanistan.
3) led him to take part in the war in Africa.
4) brought him to a river bank in Africa.
I A19∣The lesson that the narrator Ieamt from his arrest was
1) not to use a camera and compass at the frontline.
2) to avoid speaking to people in his best posh English accent.
3) not to distort information about real events.
4) never to tell people about his research.
I A20∣The narrator says that his journeys
1) helped him find some traces of the past.
2) extended his sympathy to a “stolen legacy”.
3) deepened his understanding of the concept of intellectual wars.
4) turned out to be the main contents of his book.
I A21∣The narrator points out that at the time of Gannibal
1) negro slaves played a variety of roles in the theatre.
2) black slaves were like stage extras in royal processions.
3) many Africans made a brilliant career at the court.
4) Africans were not a novelty in the capital of Russia.
По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и Al5 — А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ и А15 — А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. Задания В2, ВЗ расположены в нижней части бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и ВЗ буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
РАЗДЕЛ 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
В4 — BlO
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4 — BlO, Так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4 — BlO.
Waking Up
I—— 1 Jerry hated the way his wife woke him up in the morning. It showed that she was angry with
I… ?4.1 him and it like that every day. DO
Lθ≥J But it was really dangerous an artist like that! It made him feel bad for WAKE
Hours — simply hours.
I—— 1 She came into the room in her working clothes, with a handkerchief over her head, just to
I B6 I show him that she up much earlier GET
_____ She called in her low warning voice: “Jerry!” “What! What’s the matter?” “It’s time to get
I BS I up. It’s half past eight.” And then she left the room, the door quietly be — CLOSE
Hind her.
What was the matter with her? What did she want? He earned lots of money. She didn’t have
I——- 1 any money, but he never said that to her. His heart was heavy. She seemed to enjoy making
L≡lθl life for him than it was already. She made an artist’s life impossible. She DIFFICULT
Wanted to make him like herself.
Bll-B16
Прочитайте Приведенный Ниже Текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами Bll — В16, Так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы Bll — В16.
Self-care
______ What you need is new information. There is so much you can Ieam to have
IB12∣A life. Then you can fulfill your needs in health easily and routinely HEALTH
As part of your normal way of life.
It is more and more obvious that kinds of treatment and cures in the
World cannot bring lasting health if you are not willing to live an existence without diseases.
Years of physical damage — smoking, drinking, overeating the wrong food, lack of rest or exercise — can only interfere with good health. Emotional instability is also incompatible with good health. And when the result is ill health, drugs are only aids.
——- 1 То repair the damage of disease, or more to the point, to prevent it, you must live more
B15∣ . HEALTHFUL
It is possible that you know this already. But you must also know how to use that instinc — ∣B16∣Tive. KNOW
A22 — A28
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 — А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22 — А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
То the North of London
|
I А22| |
1) remain |
2) support |
3) hold |
4) maintain |
|
I^A23j |
1) confused |
2) affected |
3) bothered |
4) disturbed |
|
J А24| |
1) condition |
2) situation |
3) circumstance |
4) case |
|
ГА25] |
1) presentation |
2) display |
3) demonstration |
4) exhibition |
|
I A26∣ |
1) remains |
2) wastes |
3) wreckage |
4) reminders |
|
I A27∣ |
1) praised |
2)approved |
3) appreciated |
4) regarded |
|
I A28∣ |
1) dates |
2) returns |
3) follows |
4) comes |
По окончании выполнения заданий B4 — Bl6 И А22 — А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! ОБРА ТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4 — В16 и А22 — А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4 — Bl6 Буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
РАЗДЕЛ 4. ПИСЬМО
Для ответов на задания Cl, С2 используйте БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 2.
При выполнении заданий Cl И С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом.
При заполнении БЛАНКА ОТВЕТОВ № 2 Вы сначала указываете номер задания Cl, С2, а потом пишете свой ответ.
[≡
You have 20 minutes to do the task.
You have received a letter from your English pen friend Jane who writes:
…So you see that I enjoy films based on true historic facts.
What kinds of films do you like watching? Do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home ? Why ? Do you agree that it is better to read a book before watching the film based on it ? Why or why not?
Write a letter to Jane and answer her questions.
Write about 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
I C2 I
You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Nowadays fast food restaurants have become very popular. However, many people prefer cooking meals at home.
What can you say for and against cooking meals at home?
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
• give a general statement of the problem
• outline the points FOR
• outline the points AGAINST
• draw a conclusion weighing up the points outlined
РАЗДЕЛ 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ
STUDENT CARD
I Сз I
Task 1 (3—3.5 minutes)
Give a talk on Mobile phones.
Remember to say:
® why many people choose to use mobile phones
• why some people are against mobile phones
• if it is a good idea to bring mobile phones to school, why∕why not
• what other means of communication are popular nowadays, why
You will have to talk for 2—2.5 minutes. The examiner will listen Until you have finished. Then she/he will ask you some questions.
I C4 I
Task 2 (3—4 minutes)
It’s summer. You and your English friend Who has come to visit you are planning To go on a trip together. Discuss with her/him which of the following options you would be interested in and choose One You Both like best:
• bus tour of 5 ancient Russian towns in 7 days
• seaside resort
• mountain resort
• sea voyage
You begin The conversation. The examiner will play the part of your English friend.
Remember to:
• discuss All The options
• be polite
• take an Active part In the conversation:
• Explain The situation
• Come up With your ideas
• give good reasons
• find out your Friend’s attitudes And take them into account
• invite your friend to come up with suggestions
• come to an agreement
Карточки экзаменатора-собеседника
раздела «Говорение» варианта 3
Карточка экзаменатора-собеседника задания СЗ
INTERLOCUTOR CARD
Warm up
1. Do you like going to school?
2. What are your favourite classes∕subjects?
3. What do you like doing in your free time?
Task 1 (3—3.5 minutes)
Let the student talk for 2—2.5 minutes.
Ask Only those questions Which the student has not covered while giving the talk.
1. Why do many people choose to use mobile phones?
2. Why are some people against mobile phones?
3. Is it a good idea to bring mobile phones to school? Why∕why not?
4. What other means of communication are popular nowadays? Why?
All of these ideas must be covered.
Finally, you must ask each student the following question: Do you think the regular telephone will disappear in the future? Why∕why not?
SKILLS TO BE TESTED
The student is expected to demonstrate her/his ability to:
• speak at length elaborating on the topic
• produce coherent utterances
• give reasons
Карточка экзаменатора-собеседника задания С4
INTERLOCUTOR CARD
Task 2 (3—4 minutes)
You and your Russian friend (a student) are planning to go on a trip together. You are discussing different options you could choose from. The student Begins the conversation.
These are your ideas about each option:
|
— |
+ |
|
|
Bus tour of 5 ancient Russian towns in 7 days |
—Travelling by bus isn’t comfortable at all, especially at night: we wouldn’t be able to sleep well. —Our fellow travellers may be too noisy so we wouldn’t be able to hear what the guide is saying. —Riding on the bus for a long time may be exhausting. —We would visit a lot of museums in a short period of time. We might make a mess of the trip. —We would stay in each town for such a short time that we wouldn’t be able to appreciate their beauty. |
— It is a good opportunity to learn a lot about various cultures and lifestyles. — I am interested in architecture and we would be able to see many beautiful palaces, old churches and splendid squares. — It would be fun to try Russian food at different cafes and restaurants. — We would have a good chance to meet a lot of interesting people and make friends with our fellow travellers. |
|
Seaside resort |
—There wouldn’t be much to do except staying on the beach all the time. We might get bored very soon. —I don’t like the idea of lying in the sun all day long. It might be dangerous. —There are usually too many children on the beach. They are constantly running around, playing in the sand and splashing water, which is annoying. |
— There are a lot of things we could do on the beach: riding water bikes, diving, snorkeling or water skiing. — We could stay on the beach early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the sun isn’t so hot. — In the afternoon we could rest in the hotel or swim in the hotel swimming pool. — We could eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. They are usually cheap in summer. |
|
Mountain resort |
— They say it is often too cold there especially in the evenings and I haven’t brought warm clothes. (I can’t stand cold weather.) —We don’t have any skiing equipment and it is very expensive to buy. —Downhill skiing is very risky. Besides, I’m afraid of height. |
— We would be able to enjoy magnificent mountain views. — We might also see some rare plants and animals. That’s really exiting. — The air in the mountains is exceptionally clean. — Experienced coaches could teach us downhill skiing. |
|
Sea voyage |
—We may get seasick if the sea gets rough and we may not enjoy the trip at all. —The cabins might be small and I feel uncomfortable when I have to stay in such rooms for a long time —Boat voyages are extremely expensive. I’m afraid my parents wouldn’t be able to afford it. |
— Modem ships are safe and comfortable. — Travelling by sea is very nice. Looking at water around you makes you feel relaxed. — There are a lot of things we could do on board the ship: go to a disco, watch a film or just sit on the deck and sunbathe. (They offer a wide range of entertainment programmes and shows on board the ship.) |
Note: Make sure all the options have been discussed.
SKILLS TO BE TESTED
The student is expected to demonstrate her/his ability to:
• initiate and maintain conversation:
— explain the situation
— come up with suggestions
— give good reasons
— find out her/his partner’s attitudes
— invite the partner to come up with suggestions
— agree or disagree with her/his partner’s opinion
• reach an agreement by taking into account the partner’s attitudes
ОТВЕТЫ К ВАРИАНТУ 3
|
Раздел «Аудирование» |
Раздел «Чтение» |
Раздел «Грамматика и лексика» |
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|
№ задания |
Ответ |
№ задания |
Ответ |
№ задания |
Ответ |
|
Al |
1 |
А15 |
3 |
А22 |
4 |
|
А2 |
3 |
А16 |
2 |
А23 |
2 |
|
АЗ |
1 |
А17 |
2 |
А24 |
4 |
|
А4 |
2 |
А18 |
4 |
А25 |
2 |
|
А5 |
3 |
А19 |
3 |
А26 |
1 |
|
А6 |
2 |
А20 |
1 |
А27 |
3 |
|
А7 |
2 |
А21 |
4 |
А28 |
1 |
|
А8 |
2 |
||||
|
А9 |
3 |
||||
|
AlO |
1 |
||||
|
All |
3 |
||||
|
А12 |
3 |
||||
|
А13 |
3 |
||||
|
А14 |
3 |
|
Аудирование |
|
|
Bl |
FAECGD |
|
Чтение |
|
|
В2 |
EHDBCGF |
|
ВЗ |
ECAGFB |
|
Грамматика и лексика |
|
|
В4 |
Wasdone |
|
В5 |
Towake |
|
В6 |
Hadgot<ил и >hadgotten |
|
В7 |
Wasworking |
|
В8 |
Closing |
|
В9 |
Felt |
|
BlO |
Morediffιcult |
|
Bll |
Important |
|
В12 |
Healthy |
|
В13 |
Various |
|
В14 |
Additional |
|
В15 |
Healthfully<wm>healthily |
|
В16 |
Knowledge |
5 Зак. 10
Задание В2
Рекомендуемое время выполнения задания — 8 минут.
Установите соответствие заголовков А — Н текстам 1— 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
A. MUSICAL PERFORMANCE
B. ATTRACTIVE LANDSCAPE
C. PERFECT HOLIDAYS
D. PORTRAIT OF A GIRL
E. FILM FOR ALL AGES
F. EXCITING HOBBY
G. COLOURFUL FESTIVAL
H. INTERESTING BOOK
1. This is a full-length (ninety minutes) cartoon, which is entertaining for both adults and children over six. The animation and colour are of very high quality and the story has lots of fun and excitement. The plot is quick moving and full of surprises. There’s romance, action, comedy, music and lots of fantastic songs and dances.
2. This is a full-blooded magnificently written portrait of history’s most fascinating woman. Readers will lose themselves for hours in this richly entertaining novel full of dramatic twists and turns. From the spectacular era that bears her name comes the spellbinding story of Elizabeth I — her tragic childhood, her confrontation with Mary, Queen of Scots and her brilliant reign.
3. The young woman is shown in a «shepherdess» hat and white dress, recalling a classical chiton. The background landscape, common in such paintings, seems to indicate the heroine’s closeness to nature, to the ordinary joys of life. The painter’s colour range — at times as translucent as porcelain, at others muted like mother-of-pearl — is based upon subtle plays of gray and green, light blue and pink.
4. In this picture one is struck by the artist’s absolute mastery in portraying natural details, whether the dry, sandy soil of the forest, the clear stream of water in the foreground, the yellow bark and fluffy needles of the pines, or the sense of a bright, clear, calm summer day. The artist managed to create an image familiar to anyone who has seen a Russian forest.
5. Have a good time on the most lively and exciting island in the Caribbean. Relax under a palm tree on the white sandy beaches. Swim in the clear, blue sea. Listen to the bands playing Calypso music. Or get really adventurous and go scuba diving for sunken treasure on the sea bed. Join in the many cultural celebrations we offer, for example the sugar harvest festival.
6. This event is considered the greatest attraction for visitors to the Isle of Man. No definite date can be given, but it is normally held between 5th and 15th July. The Pageant begins at about 8 p.m. First we are given a glimpse of village life in Celtic times. Then suddenly Viking long ships appear and then there are scenes of war. Then Celts and Vikings unite, and the Manx nation is born. The actual Pageant is followed by a grand torchlight procession and firework display.
7. Do you like Latin American dancing? Do you want to dance like you see in the films and on the stage? Do you want to feel the rhythm of the music in your body and in your soul? Do you want to meet other people who have a love for the same music as you? If you have answered «Yes» to any of these questions, join our Latin dance classes on Thursday night between seven and ten. All are welcome.
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Задание В3
Рекомендуемое время выполнения задания — 7 минут.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений А-G. Одна из частей в списке А-G лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively 1) _______ .
The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics 2) _______ .
Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means 3) _______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. «Zero» sound is the faintest sound 4) _______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard «zero» sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also 5) _______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.
The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, 6) _______ .
A. and finally measure them.
B. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
C. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
D. that loud sound is of high intensity.
E. as they study mechanical forces.
F. as a painful sensation in the ear.
G. that the unaided human ear can detect.
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Задания A15-A21
Рекомендуемое время выполнения задания — 15 минут.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 — А21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
The Introduction to a New Biography of Gannibal by the Author
Alexander Pushkin was not only Russia’s greatest poet, but he was also the great-grandson of an African slave. The slave, whose godfather was Peter the Great, claimed to have royal blood of his own. Certainly his Russian descendants believed that he was an African prince. His descendants have included members as well as close friends of the English royal family. So the legend goes on.
Pushkin told the story of his black ancestor in «The Negro of Peter the Great», but this biography tells a different version. The main difference is between fact and fiction. The Russian poet hoped to discover a biographical truth by sticking to the facts, only to discover that facts are slippery and not always true. His biography turned into a novel. Even then, it was left unfinished after six and a half chapters. The scrawled manuscript comes to an end with a line of dialogue — «Sit down, you scoundrel, let’s talk!» — and a line of dots. Pushkin could be speaking to himself. In any case, it’s now time to stand up and carry on with the story. I have tried to join up the dots.
This is a book, then, about a missing link between the storyteller and his subject, an African prince, between the various branches of a family and its roots, between Pushkin and Africa, Africa and Europe, Europe and Russia, black and white. It is the story of a remarkable life and it poses the question: how is such a life to be explained?
My own explanation began in 2001, while I was living in Russia and working there as a journalist. The first draft was written during the war in Afghanistan, on the road to Kabul, but it describes my journey to the frontline of a different war in Africa between the armies of Ethiopia and Eritrea. According to legend, Pushkin’s ancestor was born there, on the northern bank of the River Mareb, where I was arrested for taking photographs and compass readings, on suspicion of being a spy. Understandably my captors didn’t believe that I was only a journalist researching the life of Russia’s greatest writer. At the military camp, where I was held for a number of hours, the commandant looked me up and down when I asked, in my best posh English accent, «I say, my good man, can you tell me, basically, what is going on here?» «Basically,» he replied, with distaste, «you are in prison!» The incident taught me something. Journalists, like biographers, are meant to respect facts, and by retracing Gannibal’s footsteps, I hoped to find a true story.
Some of those journeys lie behind the book, and are used whenever it is helpful to show that the past often retains a physical presence for the biographer — in landscapes, buildings, portraits, and above all in the trace of handwriting on original letters or journals. But my own journeys are not the point of the book. It is Gannibal’s story. I am only following him.
Descriptions of Africa and the slave trade result from my journeys, but this is not a book about a «stolen legacy», nor certainly about the intellectual wars that have been part of black history in recent years. Biographers, like novelists, should tell stories. I have tried to do this. I should, however, point out from the outset that Gannibal was not the only black face to be seen in the centre of fashionable St Petersburg at that time. Negro slaves were a common sight in the grand salons of Millionaires’ Street and they appeared in a variety of roles, such as pets, pages, footmen, mascots, mistresses, favourites and adopted children. At the Winter Palace, so-called court Arabs, usually Ethiopians dressed in turbans and baggy trousers stood guard like stage extras in the marble wings.
A15 The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave
1) had Russian royal blood in him.
2) was Peter the Great’s godfather.
3) belonged to the royal family in his native land.
4) was a close friend of the English royal family.
A16 According to the narrator, the biography of Pushkin’s ancestor turned into a novel because Pushkin
1) didn’t like the true biographical facts he had discovered.
2) found it impossible to stick to the facts that were doubtful.
3) could not do without describing fictional events.
4) found the true facts of the slave’s biography uninspiring.
A17 The narrator’s objective in writing the book was to
1) write a new version of the novel «The Negro of Peter the Great».
2) continue the story from where it was left unfinished.
3) interpret the storyteller’s attitude to his ancestor.
4) prove that Pushkin’s ancestor was an African prince.
A18 The narrator says that his research for the book
1) brought him to Russia to work as a journalist.
2) made him go to the war in Afghanistan.
3) led him to take part in the war in Africa.
4) brought him to a river bank in Africa.
A19 The lesson that the narrator learnt from his arrest was
1) not to use a camera and compass at the frontline.
2) to avoid speaking to people in his best posh English accent.
3) not to distort information about real events.
4) never to tell people about his research.
A20 The narrator says that his journeys
1) helped him find some traces of the past.
2) extended his sympathy to a «stolen legacy».
3) deepened his understanding of the concept of intellectual wars.
4) turned out to be the main contents of his book.
A21 The narrator points out that at the time of Gannibal
1) negro slaves played a variety of roles in the theatre.
2) black slaves were like stage extras in royal processions.
3) many Africans made a brilliant career at the court.
4) Africans were not a novelty in the capital of Russia.