Упражнение на грамматическое преобразование слов. Рекомендуем всем, кто готовится к сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.
ЗаданиеОтвет
Trans-Siberian Railway
Russia’s Trans-Siberian Railway is a source of great pride for the country. No railway in the world goes ( FAR ) than this one, stretching 9,289 kilometres to connect Moscow with the Russian Far East.
Construction on the line began in 1891 and ended in 1916, at which point Moscow and Vladivostok, a Russian city that lies on the Sea of Japan, ( JOIN ) by a single railway track.
Linking the two sides of the continent meant that development could accelerate in Siberia. Before the railway, rivers were the main form of transport, and in the winter, people rode horse-drawn carriages over ( THEY ) after they had frozen.
Nowadays, the Trans-Siberian Railway gives Russians and foreign travellers the chance to see an enormous part of the Russian countryside. More than that, however, agricultural goods and manufactured products ( TRANSPORT ) across the country on the railway.
Trans-Siberian Railway
Russia’s Trans-Siberian Railway is a source of great pride for the country. No railway in the world goes FARTHER (можно FURTHER) than this one, stretching 9,289 kilometres to connect Moscow with the Russian Far East.
Construction on the line began in 1891 and ended in 1916, at which point Moscow and Vladivostok, a Russian city that lies on the Sea of Japan, WERE JOINED by a single railway track.
Linking the two sides of the continent meant that development could accelerate in Siberia. Before the railway, rivers were the main form of transport, and in the winter, people rode horse-drawn carriages over THEM after they had frozen.
Nowadays, the Trans-Siberian Railway gives Russians and foreign travellers the chance to see an enormous part of the Russian countryside. More than that, however, agricultural goods and manufactured products ARE TRANSPORTED across the country on the railway.
1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Michelle’s big night
Michelle was quite nervous about her performance in the school play. She thought she would feel ___ (GOOD), though, if her brother Frank came to see to the show.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
She asked him, even begged him to be there, ___ (THINK) he might just say yes but then not turn up. T promise you, Michelle. I’ll be sitting in the front row from the beginning to the end of the play.’
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
On the night of the show, Michelle did wonderfully. As a show of support, her brother clapped the ___ (LOUD) of everyone in the theatre.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Trans-Siberian Railway
Russia’s Trans-Siberian Railway is a source of great pride for the country. No railway in the world goes ___ (FAR) than this one, stretching 9,289 kilometres to connect Moscow with the Russian Far East.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Construction on the line began in 1891 and ended in 1916, at which point Moscow and Vladivostok, a Russian city that lies on the Sea of Japan, ___ (JOIN) by a single railway track.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Linking the two sides of the continent meant that development could accelerate in Siberia. Before the railway, rivers were the main form of transport, and in the winter, people rode horse-drawn carriages over ___ (THEY) after they had frozen.
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Nowadays, the Trans-Siberian Railway gives Russians and foreign travellers the chance to see an enormous part of the Russian countryside. More than that, however, agricultural goods and manufactured products ___ (TRANSPORT) across the country on the railway.
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Getting back to nature
City life has caused people to lose touch with nature. This is ___ (SPECIAL) true for children who grow up in cities and never have much of a chance to experience nature aside from public parks.
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It’s quite different from how many of their parents grew up, when 71% of children regularly played outside. Ask today’s children if they like climbing trees, and it’s ___ (PROBABLE) that they will ever have tried it.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The resulting loss of our children’s ___ (RELATION) with nature means they’re missing out on opportunities to make discoveries about plants and wildlife, and to build a love and respect for the natural world.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Instead, children spend a lot of their time watching television, playing 29 video games or surfing the internet. School ___ (ADMINISTRATE) are beginning to notice this problem and have begun to address it.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
More and more schools are taking children to nature reserves on school trips in an effort to ___ (CLAIM) this lost appreciation of nature.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The experience allows children to enjoy some time outside in a ___ (MEANING) way. It helps relieve the pressure that they face from their studies while providing a learning experience as well.
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The young violinist
Gillian’s parents were both musicians, her dad a singer and her mum a violinist. She had realised from a young age that she hadn’t inherited her dads voice, but she had quite a talent ___ playing instruments.
1) for
2) to
3) in
4) of
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
So, when Gillian was seven years old, her mum arranged for her to take violin lessons. The teacher was astonished at how skilful Gillian was. ‘In ___ probability, she will be a huge star one day’, her teacher remarked.
1) any
2) some
3) most
4) all
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
By age 11, Gillian was performing in her towns orchestra and became a featured soloist by age 14. She ___ so much time and effort to her violin studies that her parents felt she wasn’t studying enough.
1) put
2) spent
3) devoted
4) offered
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
‘I hate to ___ the bad news to you, but you’re going to have to read more and play less,’ her mum told her.
1) break
2) share
3) spread
4) tell
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Gillian, a high-achieving student at school, felt discouraged ___ this news. She loved to play the violin more than anything in the world.
1) by
2) towards
3) about
4) over
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Because of this, she found herself in quite a dilemma. Should she abandon her lifetime ___ to perform onstage, or should she hold onto it and just let her school marks be above average, rather than excellent?
1) objective
2) ambition
3) desire
4) spirit
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
As much as she felt she had a responsibility to her studies, she chose the latter. She ___ at this decision by telling herself that being an above-average student was something to be very proud of, but being a professional violinist was a dream come true.
1) took
2) entered
3) arrived
4) came
- Подробности
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Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 12 (part 2) |
The Trans-Siberian Railway
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B11 |
Travelling on the Trans-Siberian Express is an extraordinary journey. It is the longest ……………………… railway in the world — 10,000 kilometres long, or one third of the distance around the globe. |
CONTINUE |
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B12 |
Travellers on the Trans-Siberian railway describe the journey as a(n) ……………………… adventure; seven days or more of exotic travel from Moscow to Vladivostok. |
AMAZE |
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B13 |
However, many travellers say that it is the ……………………… with other passengers that makes the journey special. You can spend many hours making new friends and discussing the landscape of the Ural Mountains and Siberia. |
CONVERSE |
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B14 |
You can either stay on the train for the whole journey or, if you are feeling more ………………………, you can arrange stops along the way. A stopover at Irkutsk is recommended for a few days |
ADVENTURE |
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B15 |
Here you can explore the city and visit the ……………………… Lake Baikal; the deepest lake in the world. |
BEAUTY |
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B16 |
The journey ends on the east coast of Russia in Vladivostok, whose name means “Lord of the East”.However you decide to spend your time on the Trans-Siberian Express, it will be an extremely ……………………… experience. |
MEMORY |
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The Trans-Siberian Railway — Транссибирская магистраль
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No doubt that the most famous railway in the country is The Trans-Siberian Railway. It’s short name is the Trans-Sib. It was called The Great Siberian Way in the past. And it really deserves to be called great. This railway passes through whole Russia. |
Самой известной железнодорожной магистралью в стране, бесспорно, является Транссибирская магистраль. Сокращенно ее именуют Транссиб. Раньше ее называли Великий Сибирский Путь. И правда, ее заслуженно можно назвать великой. Эта магистраль проходит через всю Россию.|
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It plays a very important role for the country. Don’t forget about its economic importance. The Trans-Sib connects the Central part of Russia with the Eastern part of the country. This helps quicker development of the Siberian territories. |
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That railroad was built quite quickly for that time. The building of the whole Railway took little more then 14 years. So every year 670 kilometers was ready. The building was complicated with natural factors. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through big Russian rivers and also through fields of permafrost. |
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Look at the map and you’ll realize what a distance the trains covers travelling by The Trans-Siberian Railway. It connects Moscow and Vladivostok. Also this way it passes many Russian cities and towns. Yaroslavl, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Irkutsk, Chita are among them. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest in the world. Its length is 9288.2 kilometers. In the past The Great Siberian Way started not in Moscow but in Saint-Petersburg. And that time its length was 9508 kilometers. |
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There is no other Railway that crosses practically 2 continents of the world. By the way 20 per cent of The Trans-Siberian is in Europe and 80 per cent is in Asia. On the board between these continents of the world there is a sign outside the window of the train going on the Trans-Siberian Railway. It’s called “The board of Europe and Asia”. |
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There are some special excursion tours along The Trans-Siberian Railway. They are very popular among foreigners. They suit those who are interested in going through all the country. You can see how rich and diverse nature and geography of Russia. Here you’ll be able to feel how tremendous its territory is. This is a very exciting and unusual tour. |
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Those who’ll decide to go through The Trans-Siberian Railway will have visited 87 Russian cities and towns. Monuments and signs installed near the railroad will inform about coming from one region to another. I think it’s enough big experience. There will be some special railway stations on your way. For example one of them is fully made of marble. That is the railway station Sludianka-1. It’s situated not far from the lake Baikal. The station was built as a monument in 1904. It’s devoted to the work of builders and to the finish of the Krugobaikalny railway station. Another interesting place is station Novosibirsk-Glavny. This station was the biggest in Soviet Union before World War II. It was built at the times of Stalin and probably that explains its fundamentality and validity. |
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Apart from the cities you’ll find a lot of interesting things during the trip. For example you will pass the Urals. They divide Europe and Asia. You’ll see a lot of Russian rivers. For example the Volga, the Ob, the Irtish, the Yenisey, Amour and many others. |
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The Train goes thorough many different tunnels on its way. The distance of the longest tunnel is 7 kilometers. So a train will go in darkness for several minutes. |
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Of course Lake Baikal is one of the main sightseeing attractions which you can see during your trip on the Railway. Lots of people overcome hundreds of kilometers especially to see it. This lake is unique. |
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On geography lessons in Russian schools teachers say that this lake is the most, the most, and the most. So what special is in the Baikal? First, this is the deepest lake in the world. Second, it’s the deepest one. Its deepness achieves 1637 meters. Not bad for a lake, really? Third, it’s the purest. The purity of fresh water is protected. |
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Going through The Trans-Siberian Railway you get an opportunity to have a look at this lake. Though it’s not enough to say that you’ll just see it because you’ll enjoy its views for some hours. The train goes about 200 kilometers parallel to the lake. Sometimes the road goes very close to the bank. And this makes an unforgettable impression. Nature surrounding the lake is also wonderful. A magnificent view on snow mountains opens. In the purest water of the Baikal it’s possible to see the reflectance of the sky and surrounding vegetation. |
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Aswell for 40 kilometers it runs besides the Amour gulf of the Japanese sea. So as you see it’s better not to go far from the window. Or you risk missing something really interesting. |
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The trans-Siberian Railway crosses 8 time zones. So be attentive or you’ll get lost in time. If to note that the road takes about 10 days then you’ll have to correct your watches practically every day. |
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The choice of the trains going on the Railway is quite big. But the most comfortable are of course the firm trains. There are air conditioners and television. Such trains make fewer stops. Sometimes they even go 400 kilometers without stopping at any station. This class is often used by foreigners and Russians for traveling. |
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Задание №9149.
Аудирование. ЕГЭ по английскому
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Прослушайте запись дважды.
1. Russian nature really attracts foreign tourists.
2. Practicing Russian is a reason to visit the country.
3. Russia can offer green style holidays for tourists.
4. Small towns in Russia are as good as big cities.
5. Visiting Russia can help me with my future career.
6. You can do many sports while on holiday in Russia.
7. Tourists visit Russia because of its cultural heritage.
| Говорящий | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Утверждение |
Решение:
Утверждение 5 (Visiting Russia can help me with my future career. — Поездка в Россию может помочь мне в моей будущей карьере) соответствует высказыванию спикера A.
Утверждение 1 (Russian nature really attracts foreign tourists. — Русская природа действительно привлекает иностранных туристов) соответствует высказыванию спикера B.
Утверждение 2 (Practicing Russian is a reason to visit the country. — Практика русского языка – повод приехать в страну) соответствует высказыванию спикера C.
Утверждение 4 (Small towns in Russia are as good as big cities. — Маленькие города в России ничем не уступают большим) соответствует высказыванию спикера D.
Утверждение 6 (You can do many sports while on holiday in Russia. — На отдыхе в России можно заниматься многими видами спорта) соответствует высказыванию спикера E.
Утверждение 3 (Russia can offer green style holidays for tourists. — Россия может предложить туристам отдых в зеленом стиле) соответствует высказыванию спикера F.
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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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Гость:
1)cultural 2) beautiful nature 3) the museums and famous galleries to admire collections of nalional russian and foreign art. 4) Russian compousers such as Thcaikovskiy, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Glinka etc.5) Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Tcheckhov.6) A lot of Russian scientists always were in the avangard of the world science. 7)Beautiful Russian nature always inspires our great writers and artists such as Repin, Vasnetsov, Ivanov, Shishkin, levitan . All their masterpieces are ful of love to our country, our motherland.
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1. Ñëîâàðü. Ïðî÷èòàéòå âïå÷àòëåíèÿ èíîñòðàííûõ òóðèñòîâ î Ðîññèè. Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíîå ñëîâî äëÿ çàïîëíåíèÿ ïðîáåëîâ.
«Î÷åíü ÷àñòî Ðîññèÿ (0) àññîöèèðóåòñÿ ñ õîëîäíîé ïîãîäîé. (1) Ïî ïðàâäå ãîâîðÿ, îáðàç õîëîäíîé Ðîññèè íåìíîãî ïðåóâåëè÷åí.  áîëüøèíñòâå ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè, áåçóñëîâíî, íàìíîãî õîëîäíåå, ÷åì (2), íàïðèìåð, â ÑØÀ èëè áîëüøåé ÷àñòè Åâðîïû. Ñàìûå õîëîäíûå ðàéîíû (3) ðàñïîëîæåíû íà ñåâåðå è â Ñèáèðè (4), êîòîðàÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îãðîìíîé (5) âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòüþ ñòðàíû, ãäå çèìîé âû ìîæåòå èñïûòàòü íà ñåáå òåìïåðàòóðó -40 ° C ».
«Ìåíÿ î÷åíü âïå÷àòëèëè ãîðîä è äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè, (6), òàêèå êàê Êðåìëü è Êðàñíàÿ ïëîùàäü. Ýòî áûëà íåçàáûâàåìàÿ ïîåçäêà! Ýòî áûëî (7) êàê ñêàçêà. ß äî ñèõ ïîð íå ìîãó ïîâåðèòü, ÷òî âñå çàêîí÷èëîñü.
«ß âîîáùå íå ãîâîðþ ïî-ðóññêè, ìíå ïðèõîäèëîñü ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü ñ ýêñêóðñèåé, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìàëî òàêîãî, ÷òîáû êàêèå-ëèáî çíàêè áûëè íà äðóãèõ (8) ÿçûêàõ»
«Ëåãêî îáúåõàòü ãîðîä íà îáùåñòâåííîì òðàíñïîðòå. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ÿ áû íå ðåêîìåíäîâàë åçäèòü óòðîì è âå÷åðîì. Ïðîáêè (9) óæàñíûå! «
«Â ïðîøëîì ãîäó ÿ áûë ðàä âîçìîæíîñòè ïîñåòèòü ñàìûå ñòàðèííûå ãîðîäà Ðîññèè (10), òàêèå êàê Íîâãîðîä, Âëàäèìèð è Ñóçäàëü, è óçíàòü áîëüøå î ðîññèéñêîé èñòîðèè».
Ðåøåíèå #
à) Òî tell the truth;
2) b) for example;
3) a) are situated;
4) a) north;
5) b) eastern;
6) a) such as;
7) a) like;
a) languages;
9) c) traffic jams;
10) a) such as
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Êóçîâëåâ 8 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
1. Vocabulary. Read foreign tourists impressions about Russia. Choose the correct alternative to fill in the gaps.
Very often Russia (0) is associated with cold weather. (1) Òî tell the truth, the image of the cold Russia is a bit exaggerated (ïðåóâåëè÷åí). It is definitely much colder in most parts of Russia than, (2) for example, in the US or most of Europe. The coldest regions (3) are situated in the (4) north and in Siberia, which is the huge (5) eastern part of the country, where you can experience a temperature of -40 0C in winter.
I was extremely impressed with the city and the sights, (6) such as the Kremlin and Red Square. It was an unforgettable trip! It was (7) like a fairy tale. I still cant believe that its over.
I dont speak Russian at all, I had to travel with a guided tour because few if any signs are in other (8) languages
Its easy to get around the city by public transport. However, I would not recommend driving in the morning and evening. The (9) traffic jams are horrible!
Last year I was happy to have the chance to visit the oldest towns of Russia, (10) such as Novgorod, Vladimir and Suzdal and to learn more about Russias history.
*Öèòèðèðîâàíèå ÷àñòè çàäàíèÿ ñî ññûëêîé íà ó÷åáíèê ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ó÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ðàçáîðà ðåøåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ.
The largest country in the world, Russia offers a broad array of travel experiences, from treks up the slopes of glacier-capped mountains to strolls along the shoreline of Earth’s oldest lake. Historical sites and cultural activities in the country’s great cities abound as well. Whether you’re exploring the grounds of Moscow’s Kremlin or wandering through the steppes of Mongolia, a visit to Russia is an adventure not soon forgotten. These top tourists attractions in Russia can inspire a great Russian itinerary for a memorable trip.
10. Trans-Siberian Railway[SEE MAP]
Part of the longest railway system in the world, the classic Trans-Siberian railway runs from Moscow to Vladivostok, a city near Russia’s borders with China and North Korea. Begun in 1891 by Tsar Alexander III and completed by his son, Tsar Nicholas II, in 1916, the line is known as the route of the tsars. Most travelers use the train as overnight accommodation from one destination to the next. The train features first-, second- and third-class sleepers, some with private bathrooms and showers.
9. Mount Elbrus[SEE MAP]
Mount Elbrus is located in the Caucasus Mountain Range in Southern Russia. At 5,642 meters (18,510 ft), Elbrus is included as one of the Seven Summits, the highest summits on each of the planet’s seven continents, attracting both experienced and novice mountain climbers. While the mountain was formed from a volcano, it is considered dormant, with no recorded eruptions. A cable car system can take visitors as high as 3,800 meters (12,500 ft), facilitating ascents to the summit.
8. Valley of Geysers[SEE MAP]
Situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, the Valley of Geysers is the second largest geyser field in the world. The Valley of Geysers was discovered in 1941 by local scientist Tatyana Ustinova. Since then it became a popular tourist attraction in Kamchatka and attracts a lot of interest from scientists and tourists.
7. Kizhi Island[SEE MAP]
Located in Karelia, a region in Northwestern Russia that borders Finland and the White Sea, Kizhi Island is best known for its incredible open-air museum. Karelians have lived in the region since the 13th century, torn between the cultures of the East and the West. The museum’s collection features the 120-foot high Church of the Transfiguration of Our Savior, a structure made famous by its 22 domes. Other tourist attractions includes dozens of wooden houses, windmills, chapels and barns. The peasant culture is represented with craft demonstrations and folk ensembles.
6. St Sophia Cathedral, Novgorod[SEE MAP]
Located in Novgorod, Russia’s oldest city, Saint Sophia Cathedral is situated within the grounds of the city’s Kremlin. Standing 125 feet high and adorned with five spectacular domes, the cathedral is the oldest church building in Russia. Saint Sophia Cathedral features an array of ancient religious artifacts, including The Mother of God of the Sign, an icon that legend says saved Novgorod from attack in 1169. The cathedral’s three famous ornately carved gates also date back to the 12th century.
5. Lake Baikal[SEE MAP]
Many travelers on the Trans-Siberian railway make plans to stop at Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest lake on Earth. Lake Baikal holds around 20 percent of the world’s fresh water. Located in Siberia, the 25-million-year-old lake is surrounded by mountain ranges. The lake is considered one of the clearest lakes in the world. Known as the Pearl of Siberia, Lake Baikal is home to several resorts, making the area a popular vacation destination.
4. Suzdal[SEE MAP]
Once the capital of several Russian principalities, Suzdal is the jewel of Russia’s “Golden Ring,” ancient cities that the country has preserved as living museums of Russia’s cultural past. Those who wish to experience the best of Russia’s historic architecture, full of onion-dome topped kremlins, cathedrals and monasteries, will find it in Suzdal. Dating back to 1024, the entire city is like a large open-air museum that transports visitors back in time.
3. Moscow Kremlin[SEE MAP]
The Kremlin is a must-see attraction for anyone visiting Moscow. Home to the nation’s top governmental offices, the walled enclosure also houses four cathedrals built in the 15th and 16th century as well as several notable museums. The 250-acre grounds include the Armoury, filled with royal treasures of the past, and the Diamond Fund Exhibition, a collection of jewelry that includes a 190-carat diamond given to Catherine the Great.
2. Hermitage Museum[SEE MAP]
Founded in 1764 by Catherine the Great, the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia is a massive museum of art and culture showing the highlights of a collection of over 3 million items spanning the globe. The collections occupy a large complex of six historic buildings including the Winter Palace, a former residence of Russian emperors.
1. Saint Basil’s Cathedral[SEE MAP]
Built between 1554 and 1561 and situated in the heart of Moscow, St. Basil’s Cathedral has been among the top tourist attractions in Russia. It is not the building’s interior artifacts that attract visitors, but rather the cathedral’s distinctive architecture. Designed to resemble the shape of a bonfire in full flame, the architecture is not only unique to the period in which it was built but to any subsequent period. There is no other structure on earth quite like St. Basil’s Cathedral.
For most foreigners, Russia is often associated with two main cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg. This is the heartland of former Imperial Russia, and these great and ancient cities often become the focus for most tourists visiting Russia. Moscow, with its traditional ancient Russian churches and the beautiful Kremlin, and Saint Petersburg, which is the most European of all Russian cities, are the highlights of the great country. However there is much more to Russia, a country that spans eleven time zones and two continents, ending less than 50 miles from North America. It covers the major part of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean. Within this vast expanse lies the largest freshwater lake in the world, the Baikal, rivers and forests, teeming with fish and wildlife, Europe’s tallest peak (Mount Elbrus), awe inspiring volcanoes, and towering mountains. Featuring broad plain terrain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions, Russia is the largest country on earth in terms of area, with enormous tracts of land that have been opened to travelers only in the last few years. Its climate ranges from humid continental in much of European Russia through steppes in the south; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north. Winters vary from cool along the Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along the Arctic coast.
Russia has a federative type of government. As of an administrative division, it consists of 49 oblasts, 21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs, 6 krais, 2 federal cities, and 1 autonomous oblast. After the implosion of the Soviet Union in December 1991, post-Soviet Russia is still struggling to establish a modern market economy, modernize its industrial base, and maintain strong economic growth. The period 1992-1998 was marked by a poor business climate, deterioration in already shabby living standards, and failure to institute modern market reforms. Conditions improved markedly in 1999-2002, with annual output growing by an average 6% and with progress in structural reforms. Russia has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, many strategic minerals and timber.
Throwing off the traditions of communist uniformity, Russia today becomes a nation of diversity and tremendous vitality. Cultural traditions of a great country have re-awakened with a newfound strength. Ancient architectural monuments and cathedrals neglected and ruined in Soviet times are being rebuilt and restored. Colorful markets hum with activity once again, and literature and the arts are quickly regaining their creative power. A new Russia is in full bloom now. And international visitors are attracted more and more by this great country with honest and hospitable people, magnificent culture, ethnical and nature diversity, unbounded open lands, beautiful forests, mountains, lakes, beating pulses of bright and lively cities and calm rhythms of quite and measure living in remote country towns and villages.
The whole new world is waiting for you to be discovered!
The
Trans-Siberian Railways
(1)
The USSR occupies a vast territory in two
continents
,
Europe
and Asia. It has a dense railway
network
connecting
its industrial centres in Europe with
the
Urals.
But
one of the most interesting railways —the
Trans-Siberian main line – connects Moscow with Vladivostok, a
large
port on the Pacific Ocean. The total length
of
the line
is
nearly 9,600 km. That is the world’s
longest railways.
(2)
The construction of the Trans-Siberian
in
1891 and it was put into operation in 190 .
However,
the
railway was poorly built
and accident
often took place.
(3)
The reconstruction of the Trans-Siberia Railways began after the
Great October Socialist Revolution.
Now most of the line is electrified. All
freight and passenger trains are operated by powerful diesel and
electric locomotives. The trains develop 140 kph on some sections and
the
journey
from Moscow to Vladivostok in the “Rossiya” express
takes
you only 7 days.
(4)
The Trans-Siberian Railway plays a very important part in the
economic development of our country because it carries a large
volume of traffic. Besides, it runs international container service
between Europe and Japan.
(5)
Greater changes will take place on the Trans-Siberian Railway in the
future. Faster locomotive will be put into service. Automation and
efficient electronic computers will provide a safer transportation of
freight and passengers.
Транс-Сибирской
железной дороги
(1)
СССР занимает огромную территорию на
двух континентах,
Европы
и Азии. Имеет плотную сеть железных
дорог
соединив
его промышленных центров в Европе с
Урала.
Но
одним из самых интересных железных
дорог-Транс-Сибирская магистраль —
соединяет Москву с Владивостоком,
большой порт на Тихом океане. Общая
длина линии
почти
9600 км. Это
длинная железная дорога в мире.
(2)
строительство Транссибирской
в
1891 году и он был введен в эксплуатацию
в 190. ОДНАКО,
Железная
дорога была плохо построена и аварии
часто имели место.
(3)
реконструкция Транс-Сибирской железной
дороги началось после Великой Октябрьской
социалистической революции. Сейчас
большая часть линий электрифицированы.
Все
грузовые и пассажирские поезда управляются
мощными тепловозами и электровозами.
Поезда развивать 140 километров в час на
некоторых участках и путешествие от
Москвы до Владивостока в «России»
Экспресс отнимет у вас всего 7 дней.
(4)
Транссибирская магистраль играет очень
важную роль в экономическом развитии
нашей страны, потому что он несет в себе
большой объем трафика. Кроме того,
проводятся международные контейнерный
сервис между Европой и Японией.
(5)
большие изменения будут происходить
на Транссибирской магистрали в будущем.
Быстрее локомотива будет сдан в
эксплуатацию. Автоматизация и эффективный
электронный компьютеров обеспечит
более безопасную перевозку грузов и
пассажиров.
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